Workings Of Mind Research Articles

Which perceptual categories do observers experience during multistable perception?

Multistable perceptual phenomena provide insights into the mind's dynamic states within a stable external environment and the neural underpinnings of these consciousness changes are often studied with binocular rivalry. Conventional methods to study binocular rivalry suffer from biases and assumptions that limit their ability to describe the continuous nature of this perceptual transitions and to discover what kind of percept was perceived across time. In this study, we propose a novel way to avoid those shortcomings by combining a continuous psychophysical method that estimates introspection during binocular rivalry with machine learning clustering and transition probability analysis. This combination of techniques reveals individual variability and complexity of perceptual experience in 28 normally sighted participants. Also, the analysis of transition probabilities between perceptual categories, i.e., exclusive and different kinds of mixed percepts, suggest that interocular perceptual competition, triggered by low-level stimuli, involves conflict between monocular and binocular neural processing sites rather than mutual inhibition of monocular sites.

Unravelling the Cognitive Tapestry: An Exploration of the Interplay between Language and Thought

Language is the primary means through which people convey their thoughts, ideas, emotions, and intentions to others. Effective communication facilitates social interaction, collaboration, and the exchange of information across diverse contexts. It serves as a vehicle for preserving and transmitting cultural heritage from one generation to the next, fostering a sense of belonging and identity among speakers. Language is fundamental in education because it is how knowledge is obtained, shared, and assessed. Input, practice, feedback, and cultural immersion are all components of the dynamic and multidimensional process of language learning, which promotes cognitive growth, linguistic competency, and problem-solving abilities. Delving into the intricate workings of the human mind is a means of unraveling the Cognitive Tapestry. The very language we use influences the way we understand our environment and perceive the ultimate reality we live in. Language and thought are fundamental aspects of cognitive development in humans, each contributing to their ability to communicate, understand others, and navigate the world around them. This paper focuses on the psycholinguistic elements, language, and human thought and the former’s inevitable influence on the latter, as a cognitive process with regard to Linguistic relativity hypothesis. Further, this paper provides insights on the close relationship between language and the mental language in thought production using Language of Thought Hypothesis (LOTH).

Carbond: An Operating-System Daemon for Carbon Awareness

To reduce the carbon footprint of software, it is imperative that systems first become aware of their footprint. Despite various proposals to make software carbon aware via application-level development kits, we believe awareness of and adjustment to carbon-emission information is an operating-system duty---similar to how it manages time information today. In this paper, we motivate and envision carbond, a Linux-based service to mediate carbon information between hardware (including power supply) and application-level software. Following the recently established Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) standard, carbond deals with operational as well as embodied emissions and has different units of work (low level as CPU cycle up to high-level as user request) in mind. In addition to the service itself, we showcase how it can be used by application SDKs (libraries) as well as command-line utilities.

MOTOR ACTION AND BRAIN PROCESSES: A NEUROSCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE

The rapid development of neuroscience has shown how numerous aspects of behaviour reflect the characteristics of the nervous system and how having experiences depends on the interaction between numerous brain functions. In 1996 Rizzolatti’s team published an article in the journal Brain entitled “": Action Recognition in the Premotor Cortex"”, in which they demonstrated the existence of a special class of cells, defined as “mirror neurons”. When we perform a movement, we program it based on the objective we have set for ourselves: we perform different gestures and movements based on the act we want to perform, for example, having a cup of tea or clearing the table. There is a close link between motility and thought and that is often reflected by the way our mind works. Mirror neuron activity is not affected by the presence of food or the character of the visual stimulus, but, rather, by acts performed by the experimenter involving and effector-object interaction.

The multimodality of Chinese folklore images

This scientific article examines the phenomenon of multimodality based on the material of Chinese folklore images. The object of the research is the images of fictional characters of Chinese folklore works, and the subject is the analysis of images of Chinese folklore works in their multimodal expression in modern adaptations. The purpose of the study is to show how modern discursive practices, characterized by a high degree of multimodality, affect the development of the concept of the image of a folklore work in the recipient's mind. The tasks that were solved within the framework of this study: 1) description of the phenomenon of multimodality in the context of modern multimedia technologies; 2) analysis of image concepts in mobile game, cartoons and TV show; 3) assessment of the influence of multimodality on the peculiarities of the development of image concepts and their perception in the recipient's mind. The methods used are the continuous sampling method for collecting the analyzed material, as well as methods of semantic, contextual and conceptual analysis. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact that for the first time are studied the various images of Chinese folklore works in their modern interpretation. As a result of a comprehensive analysis, the following conclusions were drawn: multimodality affects the degree of perception of an image in the recipient's mind in different ways, on the one hand, it leads to a simplification of the understanding of meanings, on the other hand, to a complication of systems for creating these meanings. One of the manifestations of this complication is the existence of a high degree of intertextuality, which can undermine perception of fictional characters, lead to the false assumption of some characters for others. The desire to get closer to the preferences of the modern viewer leads both to a slight difference in the basic features of the concepts, and to their complete opposite, which also affects the process of perception of the image. Nevertheless, despite the significant degree of adaptation of images that cause different user assessments, the social and cultural-historical processes of a dynamically changing world require compliance with the conditions of functioning of modern discursive practices.

Body and mind and self-consciousness awareness workshops: Improving quality of life in patients with cancer.

e24081 Background: Cancer patients, commonly experience disease and treatment related stress, anxiety and difficulties coping with life. Data suggests that body and mind are interrelated and can influences patients' quality of life (QOL). Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of patients body and mind work developing self consciousness awareness and changing behavioral patterns of women’s cancer patients, on quality of life and coping abilities. By evaluation of QOL, sleep disorders and anxiety tests done during and following our workshop. Methods: The study conducted at the Women's Cancer Center of Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center in Tel Aviv Israel between 2022-2024. Female cancer patients and survivors, were enrolled in workshops teaching self consciousness awareness development according to the Metaism methodology. Each workshop with groups of 10-15 patients was conducted weekly for three months, The groups were led by dedicated moderators and supervised by a psychiatrist. Patients completed a validated QOL questionnaire, sleep disorder evaluation and anxiety questionnaires, upon enrollment and every month during the workshop and up to a year from completion of the workshop. Results: one-hundred and twofemale patients diagnosed with cancer and treated at multiple cancer centers were included in the study. Patient mean age was 57 (26-75) years. Patient diagnoses included breast, ovarian, uterine, cervical, and other cancers (58%, 22%, 7%, 5%, respectively). Significant improvement was observed in the QOL assessment at the 5th week of the workshop, overall educational well-being indicator at the 3rd week of the workshop, emotional well being at the 3rd week of the workshop, physical well-being at the end of follow up. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that integrating the metaism methodology of self consciousness awareness development workshops significantly improved patient coping ability and QOL. Further investigation of larger cohorts is warranted.

Cultural Statistics: Behind The Weaving Designs of T’nalak Tapestry

This research describes the multidisciplinary approach in between culture and mathematics/ science concepts, bounded with the different ethno modelling approaches. Like ethno modelling in math-ethno mathematics and physics-ethno physics The static value of the every IPs crafts man, evolve the statistical geometric patterns like the crystallize and geometric weaving designs, volume, areas and its skeletal designs most particularly in the geometric designs of some T’nalak handloom tapestry. When the artistic mind works, dynamism of neurons particles create a weaving designs and patterns with frequencies of wavelength that pointing in a symmetrical and elliptical rays of designs down to his affective and psychomotor of every T’nalak weavers, that’s include that application of cultural statistics. The cultural statistics based on the image processing analysis based on amplitude, wavelength and string theory in perfections of the unique designs of T’nalak weaving patterns.

What is Similarity and How Can Scientists Measure it?

Which is closer to a dog: a cat or a fish? Easy! The cat is closer. What you may not have noticed here, is that we asked which is closer, not more similar. It does not matter which term we use because people usually understand that the term closer means more similar when used in questions like this. People often talk about similarity between objects as if this idea could be thought of as a distance between two (or more) items. It feels very natural to use the language of distance (words like closer, near, or far) to describe similarity. The tendency to understand similarity as a distance is useful to scientists because, as you know, it is very easy to measure distances as numbers (like measuring the distance between two points using a ruler). In this article, we will tell you how psychologists measure similarity and use those numbers to explore how the mind works.

The Effect of a Virtual Reality Counseling Program Based on Metacognitive Therapy in Reducing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Those Recovering from Covid-19

IntroductionMany COVID-19 survivors who were attacked and suffered severe symptoms of the virus have suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which persists for long periods. These people need treatment to alleviate the severity of these disorders. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is one of the modern therapeutic trends in psychological counseling, which focuses on the nature of the thought rather than on identifying and changing the thought as in other cognitive therapies. It is also concerned with whether people possess an aspect of reflective awareness and aims for a broader understanding of the way the mind works. Working on the process of metacognition, that is, the individual’s thinking about what he knows, being aware of his thoughts, and constantly monitoring and organizing them, helps reduce anxiety disorders and mood swings, and this will reduce psychotic disorders.ObjectivesThe current study aims to identify the effect of a virtual reality (VR) counseling program based on MCT in reducing the severity of PTSD among survivors of Covid-19. It also examines the continuity of the effectiveness of this program in reducing these disorders.MethodsThe quasi-experimental method (two group design) with experimental and control groups with a pre-posttest and a follow-up test was adopted. The sample for the current study consisted of 60 COVID-19 survivors suffering from PTSD. The PTSD scale was applied online to a group of people recovering from Covid-19 from the Arab Republic of Egypt. Then those who had high scores were selected, contacted and their consent was obtained to apply a virtual reality counseling program to them. The counseling program was implemented via virtual reality technology, and consisted of 20 counseling sessions, each session lasted between 60-90 minutes. The program continued for two months, with two sessions per week.ResultsThe results of the current research revealed a significant improvement in the experimental group through a significant reduction in their post-traumatic stress disorders. The results also showed the effectiveness of the counseling program based on metacognitive therapy in reducing the manifestations of post-traumatic stress disorders in those recovering from Covid-19. The results confirmed the continuing effect of the program after the follow-up period.ConclusionsUsing metacognitive therapy has an effective effect in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder, and it can be used with many psychologically disturbed people.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Cognitive Warfare as a New Dimension of Security. A Fictional Concept or a Real Silent Threat?

Cognitive warfare is a new phenomenon that differs from any forms of action previously used in the information space aiming to affect the thinking of target groups. The main difference consists in the targeted and sophisticated use of scientific knowledge from neuroscience, with special attention on consciousness and perception of reality. This deeper understanding of how the human mind works has impacted distributed narratives and the choice of the most suitable technological platforms for their distribution to the target audience. This article presents a conceptual classification of cognitive warfare and defines its three core segments: neuroscience, technology and aspects of social science.

Radical Collective Intelligence and the Reimagining of Cognitive Science.

To introduce our special issue How Minds Work: The Collective in the Individual, we propose "radical CI," a form of collective intelligence, as a new paradigm for cognitive science. Radical CI posits that the representations and processes necessary to perform the cognitive functions that humans perform are collective entities, not encapsulated by any individual. To explain cognitive performance, it appeals to the distribution of cognitive labor on the assumption that the human project runs on countless interactions between locally acting individuals with specialized skills that each retain a small part of the relevant information. Some of the papers in the special issue appeal to radical CI to account for a variety of cognitive phenomena including memory performance, metacognition, belief updating, reasoning, and problem-solving. Other papers focus on the cultural and institutional practices that make radical CI possible.

The Observable Mind: Enabling an Autonomous Agent Sharing Its Conscious Contents Using a Cognitive Architecture

We enable an autonomous agent sharing its artificial mind to its audiences like humans. This supports the autonomous human robot interactions relying on a cognitive architecture, LIDA, which explains and predicts how minds work and is used as the controllers of intelligent autonomous agents. We argue that LIDA’s cognitive representations and processes may serve as the source of the mind content its agent shares out, autonomously. We proposed a new description (sub) model into LIDA, letting its agent describing its conscious contents. Through this description, the agent’s mind is more observable so we can understand the agent’s entity and intelligence more directly. Also, this helps the agent explains its behaviors to its audiences so engage into its living society better. We built an initial LIDA agent embedding with this description model. The agent shares its conscious content autonomously, reasonably explaining its behaviors.

An Evaluation of the Impact and Philosophy of R.K. Narayanan's Ideas in the Indian Social Context

R.K. Narayan was an sharp observer of twentieth-century society, This is the reason, and his works include many components of societal conventions. . His psychological phenomena are visible in his works and writings because they stand for the actual essence of Indian life and culture. Narayan has numerous issues, which is why his works are so significant. Sometime he has written is completely relevant to his experience, and we can see his hand and mind working together so well. This study examines R.K Narayan's social philosophy and how his formative experiences influenced his work. Swami and Friends was his first work based on childhood experiences, making it a semi-autobiographical content. It was a well-known episode in the television series "Malgudi Days". via his works, one may learn about the true condition of women. In the novel "The Guide," Narayan portrays women via the character of Rosie. She is the protagonist who struggles with conventional conventions and the desire for liberty. Narayan's women were backward and felt guilty about protesting for their rights.

Myths in Humanities

In the present paper titled ‘Myths in Humanities’ I have endeavoured to trace the significance and evolution of the study of myths across the disciplines- Anthropology, Psychology and Literature .The particular emphasis is on treating myth as narratives and analyse the presence and contemporary relevance of religious and cultural themes, symbols and language especially in relation to present literary discourse.I shall use the narrative of the ‘cave of sleepers’ from various sources with an emphasis on the themes and significance given to different themes in various cultural-religious contexts, thereby revealing the socio-political facts of the past societies and compare it with the present cultural and literal themes to explore how myths reveal the working and progress of human mind and society.

Connecting Philosophies

MIND—The complex organ in human beings that determines the way we think, live. It guides the entire course of our life. The mind is a complex structure. In today’s era we are constantly bombarded with information and the test of time is to take in the right amount of information and use it constructively. The mind can be easily diverted by distractions. In order to understand this flickering nature of mind there was an attempt to dive deep into the analysis of mind by renowned saint of Maharashtra Saint Samarth Ramdas during the sixteenth century. He in his monumental work, The Manache Shlok explored the way to train the mind to think systematically. Manache Shlok literally translates to (Dialogue with the mind). In order to uplift the mind Samarth Ramdas curated an innovative, spiritual way of life and tried to enlighten the fragment of divinity that resides in every human being. He teaches us how our mind is our enemy, friend and a teacher at the same time. This paper primarily focuses on the work of Saint Samarth Ramadas, who centuries ago decoded how the mind (mana) works, how it gets diverted and has also suggested the ways in which flaws can be avoided.Logic based therapy is a modality of philosophical counseling developed by philosopher Dr. Elliot D. Cohen. The theory began with the idea that many emotional and behavioral problems may largely be the result of bad logic. Humans upset themselves because of their faulty thinking. Thinking being the significant activity of the mind, needs to be done in a structured manner. According to LBT, a fallacy is a mistake in reasoning that leads to destructive or negative conclusions. There are eleven such fallacies that LBT identifies. The basic premise in which LBT believes is to train the mind to think rationally and not jumping to make conclusions. In the same manner Manache Shlok are instructions to the mind to train the mind to think positively and thereby lead to elevation of the self. This paper thus is an attempt to link the fallacies proposed by LBT and how comprehension of Manache Shloka {verses} will help the mind stay away from such fallacies by drawing parallels and understanding the contrasts and yet how both the philosophies have a common approach to deal with the mind. The paper is an attempt to understand Manache Shloka and Logic based therapy, as philosophies that are a way to uplift the mind. Both the philosophical approaches have curated their own ways to tackle with the unstable nature of mind, but one common ground which helps them corresponding is their common goal of betterment of mankind.

“ОСТАННЄ СЛОВО” В СУДОВІЙ ЗАЛІ ЯК ВИКЛИК ВЛАДІ (З КРИМІНАЛЬНОЇ СПРАВИ ДИСИДЕНТА ЗОРЯНА ПОПАДЮКА)

Drawing upon the declassified archival files meticulously preserved by the State Security Committee of the Ukrainian SSR, this endeavor seeks to illuminate the profound impact of the Soviet totalitarian system and propaganda on human destinies. Despite the relentless efforts to suppress individual spirits, it becomes evident that the indomitable spirit and the capacity for conscious resistance persisted among citizens who refused to succumb to Moscow's propaganda machinery. In particular, the focus of this exploration is on the remarkable case of Zorian Popadiuk, a first-year student enrolled in the Faculty of Philology at Lviv University. The publication of the final statement delivered by Popadiuk during his trial serves as a poignant lens through which to discern the moral and intellectual resilience of this young non-conformist, subsequently evolving into a dissident and enduring the harsh realities of long-term incarceration within the confines of Soviet camps. The narrative unfolds against the backdrop of a repressive regime that sought to mold the thoughts and actions of its citizens through pervasive propaganda. The declassified files present a harrowing account of the ways in which the Soviet machinery endeavored to cripple the destinies of individuals, aiming to subjugate the collective consciousness to the dictates of the ruling ideology. However, as we delve into the life and trial of Zorian Popadiuk, it becomes apparent that the spirit of resistance and the quest for individuality persisted against all odds. Zorian Popadiuk's journey from a seemingly ordinary first-year student to a symbol of dissent is a testament to the human capacity for resilience in the face of oppressive systems. The trial, a crucial juncture in his life, serves as a microcosm of the larger struggle against ideological conformity. Popadiuk's final statement, extracted from the trial records, unveils the depth of his moral and intellectual fortitude. It becomes a significant point of reflection, shedding light on the inner workings of a non-conformist mind grappling with the ideological juggernaut of the Soviet state. The examination of Popadiuk's trial extends beyond a mere historical account; it provides valuable insights into the broader socio-political landscape of the time. It serves as a poignant reminder that, even within the confines of a totalitarian regime, there existed individuals who resisted the homogenizing effects of propaganda, clinging steadfastly to their convictions and individuality. The publication of Popadiuk's final words serves a dual purpose – to acknowledge the personal sacrifice of one individual and to unveil the collective resistance simmering beneath the surface of the Soviet society.

Interpreting Interpretation.

Interpretation of the latent meaning of manifest content is the core of the traditional approach to psychoanalytic treatment. The main purpose of such interpretation is to enhance the patient's self-knowledge, in particular his or her awareness of unconscious wishes and their embeddedness in inner conflicts. An assumption of classical psychoanalysis is that veridical interpretations-as Freud put it, interpretations that tally with what is real in the patient-will be especially effective therapeutically. These basic assumptions have been called into question, as reflected in such concepts as "narrative truth" and the overriding importance of the patient's "assured conviction" regarding interpretations. Also called into question is the therapeutic value of "deep" interpretations intended to uncover repressed impulses. To an important extent, these have been replaced by interpretations of defensive processes just below the surface of consciousness, and interpretations that make connections among different experiences, both of which are intended to help the patient understand how his or her mind works. There is also an increased emphasis on nonsemantic aspects of interpretation, as well as some degree of skepticism toward the therapeutic value of interpretation itself, along with an increased emphasis on the implicit interpretive aspects of the therapeutic relationship. Finally, representative research is presented on the relation between transference interpretation and therapeutic outcome.

Abstract cognitive maps of social network structure aid adaptive inference.

Social navigation-such as anticipating where gossip may spread, or identifying which acquaintances can help land a job-relies on knowing how people are connected within their larger social communities. Problematically, for most social networks, the space of possible relationships is too vast to observe and memorize. Indeed, people's knowledge of these social relations is well known to be biased and error-prone. Here, we reveal that these biased representations reflect a fundamental computation that abstracts over individual relationships to enable principled inferences about unseen relationships. We propose a theory of network representation that explains how people learn inferential cognitive maps of social relations from direct observation, what kinds of knowledge structures emerge as a consequence, and why it can be beneficial to encode systematic biases into social cognitive maps. Leveraging simulations, laboratory experiments, and "field data" from a real-world network, we find that people abstract observations of direct relations (e.g., friends) into inferences of multistep relations (e.g., friends-of-friends). This multistep abstraction mechanism enables people to discover and represent complex social network structure, affording adaptive inferences across a variety of contexts, including friendship, trust, and advice-giving. Moreover, this multistep abstraction mechanism unifies a variety of otherwise puzzling empirical observations about social behavior. Our proposal generalizes the theory of cognitive maps to the fundamental computational problem of social inference, presenting a powerful framework for understanding the workings of a predictive mind operating within a complex social world.

Good Mental Health Care: What It Is, What It Is Not & What It Could Be

Abstract What makes for good mental health care? What are the barriers to good care and, when they can be overcome, what accounts for successful treatment? What does successful treatment and care, in fact, mean? Can they mean different things to different people? If so, how can we think about them in a practical way that is useful to patients, families, and clinicians? On the one hand, from work infields as various as neuroscience, clinical psychology, and anthropology, we are learning (and rediscovering) more and more about how the human mind works and the many ways that psychological suffering can be preempted and treated. On the other hand, in many ways, the mental health care system is either dysfunctional or working against what we know to be best for psychological and social flourishing-the disappearance, for example, of true “care” from medical and mental health care systems. In this essay, set against the background of diverse perspectives provided by the foregoing essays in this volume, we attempt to frame and address some of these basic questions, giving priority to practical, down-to-earth, lay, and professional considerations.

CONCEPTUAL DOMINANTS OF JOHN LOCKE’S MORAL TERMINOLOGY. PART I

The article provides the reconstruction of the English terminological system of morality and its language features in one of the most famous papers of John Locke An Essay Сoncerning Human Understanding (1689). We study this philosophical paper within the framework of cognitive and discursive paradigm of linguistic knowledge and aim to investigate the ideas about human nature and the principles behind the work of human mind. Laws and principles were formulated by the scholar on the basis of nature determination in human thinking and ideas appearance in individual psychological system. The article investigates in detail conceptual dominants of the moral philosophy and terminology in Locke’s paper and, besides that, key metaphors in Locke’s discourse used for the description of human thinking including tabula rasa, empty cabinet, fountains of knowledge, knowledge is light. On the one hand, these conceptual metaphors are deeply rooted in the historical and philosophical context, and on the other, they were understandable to his contemporaries, as he used recognizable words and images. Locke not only changes the actual linguistic representation of some of the traditional philosophical metaphors, but shifts the emphasis, leading to novel interpretations and complicating the system of ideas as a whole. To understand main components of the philosopher’s framework we took into account earlier papers of various scholars as the material for comparison. These components include the process by which new types of knowledge are formed and pathways by which the already existing types are recategorized under the impact of sociocultural factors. It was shown that the system of morality is grounded on the 17th-century views on how the human mind works and embodies the language representation of terminological sphere of morality.