Work Function Of Oxide Electrodes Research Articles

Corrigendum on “The temperature dependence of the work function of oxide electrodes in fluorescent lamps [Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 92, 11301 (2020)]” and “Impact of damaging and recovery on the temperature dependence of the work function of oxide electrodes in fluorescent lamps [Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 96, 11301 (2021)

Corrigendum on “The temperature dependence of the work function of oxide electrodes in fluorescent lamps [Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 92, 11301 (2020)]” and “Impact of damaging and recovery on the temperature dependence of the work function of oxide electrodes in fluorescent lamps [Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 96, 11301 (2021)

Erratum to: Impact of damaging and recovery on the temperature dependence of the work function of oxide electrodes in fluorescent lamps

Erratum to: Impact of damaging and recovery on the temperature dependence of the work function of oxide electrodes in fluorescent lamps

Erratum to: The temperature dependence of the work function of oxide electrodes in fluorescent lamps

Erratum to: The temperature dependence of the work function of oxide electrodes in fluorescent lamps

Impact of damaging and recovery on the temperature dependence of the work function of oxide electrodes in fluorescent lamps

In the present work the work function of electrons for oxide cathodes in operating fluorescent lamps is measured before and after damaging the cathodes by cold starting of the lamp. A strong increase of the absolute value and a decrease of the temperature dependence of the work function is observed. The values recover partly after operating the lamp for a certain time. The results are interpreted as the consequence of a thin metallic layer generated during cold starting at the surface of the oxide and its effect on the depletion of electrons of donor-like colour centres (appearing in the oxide due to oxygen vacancies) under the ultraviolet radiation present in an operating fluorescent lamp, and on the magnitude and temperature dependence of the work function in the plated regions, invoking the patch effect to generate an averaged value of the work function, which is then assumed to be observed experimentally. Moreover, barium surface states are considered, yielding reasonable values for the not plated regions, when calculating the work function, as well for the assumption of a depletion of also these states by ultraviolet radiation, as also when only regarding a thermal excitation of the surface states applying the Fowler equation. Finally, a model of a diffusion governed dynamical equilibrium yielding a T3∕2 dependence for the donor concentration is proposed.

The temperature dependence of the work function of oxide electrodes in fluorescent lamps

In the present work the temperature dependence of the work function of oxide cathodes in operating fluorescent lamps was investigated experimentally. A detailed review on the theory is presented, including a thermodynamic and a quantum mechanical view on the problem. Aspects such as the role of the electrochemical potential, external and internal potentials, the constituents of the electron affinity, the patch effect and surface states are discussed. For solids in contact the Volta and Galvani potentials are related to their work functions. The importance of colour centres in oxide electrodes on the temperature dependence of the work function and the impact of ultraviolet radiation is emphasized. The measurements have been carried out under zero field emission of electrons from the electrode, using the Waymouth (rf) and Eisenmann (visual) methods as indicators. By inserting an empirical ansatz into the Richardson equation, it was possible to determine the temperature dependence of the work function from the experiments.

Defect-associated adsorption of monoethanolamine on TiO2(1 1 0): An alternative way to control the work function of oxide electrode

Controlling defects is one of the basic strategies for tailoring electronic structure of materials, which has not been explored that much yet for organic-inorganic hybrid systems. In this study, we investigated the control of work function of oxide electrode by defect-associated adsorption of molecules at the single-molecule level by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and first principle calculations. The equilibrium adsorption configuration of monoethanolamine (MEA, HO(CH2)2NH2), an effective coating for lowering the work function of an oxide electrode, varies as a function of surface coverage at TiO2(110) surfaces. Our results showed that defects at the oxide surface and intermolecular interactions dominate the stable configuration of adsorbates as well as work function of the system. The dissociative adsorption at Ov was found to be more efficient at lowering the work function of TiO2(110) surface, suggesting that defect control can be used to improve the performance of organic-inorganic hybrid systems.