Dimensions Of Work Engagement Research Articles

Naturally felt emotions, work engagement: the moderating role of perceived organizational support

The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not emotional labor strategy (i.e., naturally felt emotions) significantly predicts work engagement (i.e., vigor, dedication, absorption) among academicians in a higher education setting. It also evaluates the role of perceived organizational support (POS) as the moderating variable between naturally felt emotions (NFE) and work engagement. This study employs a survey questionnaire, and data collected from private universities in Central Java, Indonesia. To analyze the data and test the proposed model, the partial least squares structural equation modelling approach was employed. The findings demonstrate that: i) NFE are significantly and positively related to all work engagement dimensions; and ii) POS is proven insignificant to moderate the relationship between NFE and work engagement dimensions. The results of this study complement the literature by addressing associations between NFE and work-related outcomes (i.e., work engagement), especially in the Indonesian academic context. In addition, this study also confirms the insignificant role of POS which is based on norms of mutuality between the organization and employee. Finally, the study offers recommendations and conclusions to achieve long-term objectives for higher education institutions.

Leading with Integrity: Revealing the Nexus in Private Sector Dynamics between Ethical Leadership and Employee Engagement

With a focus on the south-northern region of the Punjab, Pakistan this quantitative correlational study explores the relationship between work engagement and ethical leadership in private enterprises within a developed geographic area. Based on the theoretical framework of ethical leadership theory by Brown et al. and the conceptual dimensions of work engagement by Schaufeli and Bakker, this study uses survey data from the Ethical Leadership Scale (ELS) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) to examine 150 conveniently sampled employees. The results, which were obtained using Pearson correlation analysis in SPSS V.24, provide strong evidence against the null hypothesis and show a substantial link between ethical leadership and total job engagement. Furthermore, particular job engagement dimensions—such as vigor, devotion, and absorption—show strong connections with ethical leadership in south-northern private enterprises. As a result, the results highlight the significance of ethical leadership in encouraging higher levels of employee engagement at work, offering insightful information to private enterprises looking to maximize worker productivity and results. In order to favorably impact the many aspects of work engagement and enhance the general well-being and productivity of employees in the private sector, especially in the south-northern region in Punjab, Pakistan the study suggests making strategic investments in ethical leadership.

Reallocating desk workers' sitting time to standing or stepping: associations with work performance.

Studies have suggested that sitting time at work may lead to underperformance but they may underestimate the benefits to desk workers' performance of reducing occupational sitting time without considering the relative effects of the specific activities replaced. To estimate differences in work performance (presenteeism, absenteeism and engagement) when occupational sitting time is reallocated to standing/stepping in desk workers. Data for middle-aged desk workers were from a Japan-wide online survey (n = 2228). Self-report proportion of occupational sitting and standing/stepping, work hours and work performance indicators, including absolute (ratings relating only to self) and relative (ratings of self, compared to others) presenteeism and absenteeism, and dimensions of work engagement, were collected. Partition and isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate the associations of occupational sitting and standing/stepping time with work performance, including their reallocation effects. In partition models, longer occupational sitting time was associated with a lower absolute presenteeism score (i.e. less productivity), lower absolute absenteeism (i.e. longer-than-expected work hours), and lower engagement. Longer occupational standing/stepping time was associated with lower absolute absenteeism and more engagement. Isotemporal substitution models showed that each hour of occupational sitting reallocated to standing/stepping was favourably associated with overall work engagement (B = 0.087; 95% confidence interval 0.051, 0.122) and its dimensions (B ranged from 0.078 to 0.092), but was not associated with presenteeism or absenteeism. These findings suggest that management support and practical initiatives to encourage desk workers to replace portions of their sitting time with standing/stepping may contribute to enhanced work engagement.

Workaholism, work engagement, and burnout among academics in Montenegro: A psychometric network approach.

The academic environment is known for its high demands in research, teaching, and administration, that along with increasing publish or perish culture can lead to reduced psychological well-being and mental health issues. This study aimed to investigate the associations between workaholism, work engagement, and burnout among academics in Montenegro. A cross-sectional design was used to develop anonymous online survey. Data was collected from 131 participants employed as teaching and research staff at public and private universities. To measure the variables of interest we used: ultra-short Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-3), the work-related burnout subscale from the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI-7) and the Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS-10). Psychometric network analysis was employed to examine the relationships among variables. The findings revealed two distinct clusters: the first containing the dimensions of work engagement and the second containing burnout and the dimensions of workaholism. The two clusters were connected with the dimensions of dedication - burnout having the strongest edge (-0.25 and -0.40). In the cross-sample network the strongest connection was burnout -working excessively (.35). No significant differences in network density (0.80 (12/15 edges)) and global strength (p = 0.159) in the networks of public and private universities were found. Results of the network centrality and the edge strength analyses suggest that the interventions focused at increasing dedication while not fostering a work environment that encourages working excessively might be the key to preventing and reducing burnout in academia across contexts of public and private universities.

Cognitive and affective-motivational states as mediators of the association between presenteeism and job satisfaction

BackgroundThe rising number of people with long-standing illnesses, coupled with increasing retirement ages, may result in more workers suffering from health problems. This is important because health issues may interfere with job satisfaction and worker performance. Although some studies have sought to analyze the antecedents and consequences of presenteeism, very few have focused on exploring how certain cognitive and affective-motivational states (work-health balance, work engagement, flourishing) affect its association with job satisfaction. Given the characteristics of the current job market, it is vital to explore the factors that may contribute to increasing workers’ wellbeing and performance, and ultimately prolonging their working life in a balanced way. MethodUsing a cross-sectional sample of 238 healthy workers aged between 20 and 63, the present study analyzed the mediating role of flourishing, the different dimensions of work engagement (vigor, dedication and absorption) and work–health balance in relation to the different dimensions of presenteeism (distraction avoided and work completed) and job satisfaction. ResultsThe data suggest that work-health balance and the vigor and dedication dimensions of work engagement mediate the association between distraction avoided and job satisfaction, whereas only the vigor and dedication dimensions of work engagement mediate the association between work completed and job satisfaction. ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with our current understanding of the role played by certain cognitive and affective-motivational variables in workers’ occupational health and wellbeing.

ÇALIŞANLARIN DUYGUSAL SERMAYE SEVİYELERİNİN ÇALIŞMAYA TUTKUNLUK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: GAZZE ŞERİDİ’NDE GENEL PERSONEL KONSEYİ ÖRNEĞİ

The objective of this research is to investigate the impact of emotional capital on work engagement. To this end, the data collected from 122 employees of a governmental organization with 150 employees working in the General Personnel Council in the Gaza Strip were evaluated. In order to reach the targeted results in the research, central tendency measures and descriptive statistics were first used, and then correlation and regression analyses and manova test were conducted. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that emotional capital has a statistically significant effect on work engagement. In addition, the effect of emotional capital on the dimensions of work engagement was analyzed. Accordingly, it was found that emotional capital has a statistically significant effect on addiction, one of the dimensions of work engagement.

LITERATURE REVIEW: PERAN CAREER DEVELOPMENT DALAM MENINGKATKAN WORK ENGAGEMENT DOSEN

Work engagement is one of the crucial aspects that a lecturer must possess. This research aims to provide an overview of the relationship between career development and work engagement among employees, including lecturers. The references for this study were obtained from Google Scholar, with specific criteria spanning from 2014 to 2023, focusing on work engagement dimensions of vigor, dedication, and absorption. The research findings indicate variations in the connection between career development and work engagement. These differences are believed to be attributed to organizational support and length of service factors. Over the past decade, no significant association has been found between career development and work engagement among lecturers in Indonesia.

The association between appreciative management and work engagement among health- and social care professionals: A cross-sectional study.

The importance of work engagement has been emphasised due to the increasing demand for health- and social care and the shortage of skilled labour. Improving organisational and managerial factors is important when enhancing professionals' work engagement. The association between management and work engagement has only been established in previous studies at a general level, but the association between appreciative management and work engagement has not received equivalent research interest. This study aimed to describe the association between appreciative management and work engagement among health- and social care professionals. The study used a cross-sectional survey design. The data were collected in five health and social services centres in one city in Finland from September to October 2022 using the Appreciative Management Scale 2.0 and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9. A total of 182 health- and social care professionals participated. The data were analysed using correlations, linear regression analyses, independent samples t-tests and two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs). A moderate association was found between appreciative management and work engagement and its dimensions of vigor, dedication and absorption. Systematic management had the strongest association and equality had the weakest association with work engagement. Among the dimensions of work engagement, appreciative management had the strongest association with vigour and the weakest association with absorption. Appreciative management and work type predicted 18% of the variance in work engagement. Full-time employees reported higher levels of work engagement and all its dimensions than did part-time employees. The results indicate that appreciative management and full-time work predict work engagement among health- and social care professionals. Due to this positive association, it is important to promote managers' appreciative management skills by educating them to understand how appreciative management enables and supports professionals' vigour, dedication and absorption in health- and social care.

The Relationship Between Nurses’ Work Effectiveness and Work Engagement

Background: Nurses significantly contribute to the healthcare system, constituting the highest number of healthcare staff. A positive attitude or mindset at work increases the ability to carry out the organization’s duties, tasks, and plans. This study investigates the relationship between work effectiveness and work engagement of nurses in the selected hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran City, Iran, in 2021. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study has employed a correlational design. A total of 255 nurses working in selected hospitals affiliated with IUMS were recruited through proportionate stratified sampling. The study data were collected using the utrecht work engagement scale (UWES) and conditions for work effectiveness questionnaire II (CWEQ-II). Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, analysis of variance, the Pearson correlation, and regression in SPSS software, version 22. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: The Mean±SD work effectiveness among nurses was found to be 37.31±7.41, indicating their medium-to-high work effectiveness. Also, their Mean±SD work engagement was 68.96±15.48, indicating the high work engagement of nurses. There was also a significant positive relationship (r=0.656, P<0.001) between the total work effectiveness score and work engagement. The results showed that the “support” dimension of work effectiveness exhibited the highest correlation with work engagement (r=0.606, P<0.001). Also, the “absorption by work” dimension of work engagement had the highest correlation with work effectiveness (r=0.653, P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the study results, increasing the work effectiveness of nurses necessitates the creation of a positive attitude and perspective through managerial actions.

ICT-Driven Work Engagement Interventions in Work-From-Home: The Mediating Role of the Need for Relatedness

During the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations across the world implemented mandatory work-from-home policy. The policy had a detrimental impact on the work engagement of the employees as there was a prolonged dependence on ICT-mediated communication for all interactions. In response, organizations had to implement ICT-driven interventions to address the problem of dwindling work engagement levels. In view of enhancing intervention effectiveness, this research examines the satisfaction of need for relatedness as the psychological mechanism underlying the relationship between ICT-driven interventions and intellectual, social and affective dimensions of work engagement. We develop and test our mediation model in a cross-organizational study of 167 employees. Results show that need-for-relatedness mediates the relationship between intervention intensity in fostering interactions and work engagement of the employees. In addition, the perceived social support in the team negatively moderates the relationship between intervention intensity and the satisfaction of need for relatedness. Our results have implications for designing and implementing ICT-driven interventions in organizations planning large-scale work-from-home adoption.

Work addiction, work engagement, job burnout, and perceived stress: A network analysis.

Recently, the network theory of mental disorders has been used to conceptualize work addiction as a dynamic system of symptoms in direct relationships. This study aimed to extend previous work by investigating the direct relationships of work addiction symptoms with dimensions of work engagement, job burnout, and perceived stress. These phenomena were measured with the Bergen Work Addiction Scale, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, and the Perceived Stress Scale. The sample comprised 676 working Poles with a mean age of 36.12 years (SD = 11.23). The network analysis followed the guidelines for estimating psychological networks from cross-sectional data. Work engagement and job burnout were more closely associated with each other than with work addiction which supports the notion that engagement and burnout represent polar opposites of the same construct and that work addiction is a separate phenomenon, related to both work engagement and job burnout via specific pathways. The symptoms of work addiction were connected with other phenomena through four direct relationships: (1) mood modification-absorption, (2) mood modification-stress, (3) withdrawal-absorption, and (4) problems-exhaustion. These findings narrow down and specify hypotheses regarding potential mechanisms leading from engagement to addiction and from addiction to burnout. The possible mechanisms focus on the absorption component and mood modification related to efforts focused on alleviating chronic stress and negative emotional states. In turn, problems arising from work addiction may lead to exhaustion. Future studies investigating these mechanisms in detail may enable proper prevention programs and therapeutic interventions.

Organizational Climate and Work Engagement

The study aimed to determine the correlation between organizational climate and the work engagement of the employees. To strengthen the theory of the study, related literature was reviewed. The study used a descriptive correlational research design. To gather the data, questionnaires were used. The population of the study was all faculty and employees of the colleges in the Ilocos region. Since it is a quantitative study, the statistic was used to interpret the data. The weighted mean was used to determine the average mean of different organizational climate dimensions and different dimensions of work engagement, while Pearson r Correlation was used to determine the correlation between the organizational climate and work engagement of the employees. The result of the Pearson r Correlation indicates that there is a significant correlation between organizational climate and the work engagement of employees. Therefore, the hypothesis of the study is accepted.

Extending Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Managing Dissent in Public Lands Agencies

This paper examines employee responses to dissatisfaction and dissent in four federal public lands agencies as they react to controversial policies. Guided by data from semi-structured interviews, it suggests new theoretical categories for describing dissenting behaviors along the dimensions of work engagement (e.g., high and low) and intent (e.g., destructive, neutral, or constructive). These dimensions combine to describe the specific behaviors of sabotage, neglect, high engaged duty, low engaged duty, passive helpfulness, and overachievement. This research also confirms and adds nuance to past work on employee dissent.

Personal and Job-Related Factors Influencing the Work Engagement of Hospital Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study from Saudi Arabia.

This study explored the levels of work engagement and identified whether personal and job-related factors influenced the work engagement dimensions of vigor, dedication, and absorption of nurses working in a Saudi hospital. A descriptive, cross-sectional correlational survey of nurses in inpatient wards (general medical, surgical, and specialized wards) and critical care units in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia, using The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Using a self-report questionnaire, 426 staff nurses and 34 first-line nurse managers were surveyed. Data collected consisted of selected personal and professional factors, including gender, age, education, current work setting, years of experience, nationality, and participation in committees, and/or work teams alongside the 17-item version of the UWES. The study participants showed high levels of work engagement. Age, years of experience, and participation in committees were significantly associated with work engagement. Nurses who were older, possessed more experience, and participated in committees showed higher levels of engagement. Healthcare organizations and their leaders, policymakers, and strategic planners should create a conducive work environment that supports the work engagement of nurses by considering the influencing antecedents. The nursing profession, patients' safety issues, and vital economic problems are the fundamental issues facilitated by the creation of practice environments that entirely engage nurses in their work.

How can human values influence work engagement among teachers? an exploratory study

AbstractHuman values provide essential insights into how personal characteristics can help build a more positive work environment within an educational context, impacting variables such as organizational commitment and satisfaction with university life. However, it is still unknown to what extent values can help to influence the teachers’ level of work engagement. That is, whether specific values can lead people to present a higher motivation at work. Therefore, we conducted one study (N = 345; Mage = 36.45, SDage = 10.33) to assess teachers’ associations between human values and work engagement. We used the Basic Values Survey and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. To evaluate the data, we checked the associations between the variables using Pearson’s correlations and whether human values could significantly predict work engagement using hierarchical regressions. Our results showed that all values significantly correlate to the work engagement dimensions. However, only interactive values (e.g., affectivity, belonging, support), characterized by the motivation to develop and maintain relationships with others, significantly predicted work engagement. Such findings highlight the importance of an environment that allows the development and maintenance of relationships between teachers and their peers and students, favoring a more excellent state of mind towards their work and enhancing their motivation to do their job. We are confident that our research brings novelty to the literature on work engagement, providing the first assessment of human values’ impact on teachers’ motivation towards work.

Work Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Teaching Performance of Elementary Teachers in the New Normal

This study determined the relationship between work engagement and job satisfaction in the teaching performance of elementary teachers in the new normal. The researcher utilized a quantitative design using the descriptive-correlational method. The study was conducted in the public elementary schools of Pamplona, Sanchez Mira, Claveria East, Sta. Praxedes - Claveria West Districts in the Division of Cagayan. Simple random sampling was used to determine the 219 respondents of the study. Based on the findings, the respondents have very satisfactory work engagement, particularly along physical, cognitive, and emotional dimensions. Moreover, they have a high level of job satisfaction with its dimensions on leadership, motivation, compensation, expectations, job organization, and work environment. Besides, they have very satisfactory teaching performance in content knowledge and pedagogy, diversity of learners, assessment and reporting, curriculum and planning, community involvement, and plus factor. Although results show that the overall work engagement, job satisfaction, and teaching performance are not significantly related to each other, it is interesting to note that the domain motivation of job satisfaction is directly related to the overall work engagement and its cognitive dimension. Also, the domain compensation of job satisfaction is directly related to the emotional dimension of work engagement. Furthermore, the physical dimension of work engagement had a significant positive relationship to community linkages and plus factors, which are domains of teaching performance. Lastly, overall job satisfaction is directly related to curriculum planning. Moreover, a few dimensions of job satisfaction, work engagement, and teaching performance have been noted to influence one another, which attests that the interplay of these constructs is vital in understanding basic education teachers’ work dynamics.

Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic and turnover intention: The moderating effect of employee work engagement

The study aimed to understand the relationship between the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and turnover intention and the moderating role of employee engagement. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire through both hand deliveries of printed questionnaires and Google docs from 187 frontline employees in the Ghanaian public sector. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. There exists a positive and significant relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and employee turnover intentions. Out of the three dimensions of work engagement, vigor had a significant negative moderating effect on the relationship between psychological impact and turnover intentions. This implies that the positive effect of the psychological impact of COVID-19 on turnover intentions is minimized, where employees have high levels of energy and mental resilience while working, thus their vigor is high rather than low. The study contributes to literature on employee work engagement by using the Job demands-resources model to unravel the specific dimension of employee engagement that can minimize the negative impact of COVID-19 on employees’ turnover intention in the public sector in a developing country.

The Moderating Roles of Remote, Hybrid, and Onsite Working on the Relationship between Work Engagement and Organizational Identification during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Flexible working practices have become commonplace due to the emergence of the turbulent environment that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced organizations to change their business models, structures, processes, and policies. In this context, organizations have started to reconfigure work in terms of flexible working practices that enable them to use the full potential of their employees and to provide the conditions for well-being at work and, as a result, competitive sustainability. This study aimed to explore the relationship between dimensions of work engagement, namely, vigor at work, dedication to work, and absorption in work, and organizational identification under the moderating roles of different working practices, namely, remote, hybrid, and onsite working, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, 200 randomly chosen employees from the public insurance industry in Turkey formed the research sample. The results indicate that each dimension of work engagement, namely, vigor at work, dedication to work, and absorption in work, is positively associated with organizational identification. In addition, when the moderation effects of different working practices on this relationship were analyzed, it was apparent that the relationship between an employee’s absorption in their work and organizational identification was weaker in those working onsite, stronger in those working in a hybrid context, and strongest in those working remotely. Therefore, we suggest that work redesign towards remote working practices enhanced positive psychological and behavioral changes in employees, i.e., well-being at work, resulting in a strengthened relationship between absorption in work and organizational identification during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Transformational leadership influences on work engagement and turnover intention in an engineering organisation

Orientation: This study examined how transformational leadership (TFL) moderates the relationship between work engagement (WE) and perceptions of turnover intention (TI) in an engineering organisation. Research purpose: The study seeks to address the paucity of research on the moderating effect of TFL on the relationship WE and TI in the South African working environment and more specifically in the engineering organisation. Motivation for the study: The engineering sector is an important contributor to the DGP, but faces a skills shortage. Transformational leadership can play a key role in the retention of skills. Research approach/design and method: The study comprised 129 engineers in a South African engineering organisation. The study used a nonexperimental, quantitative research approach, while the population included a convenience nonprobability sample ( N = 124) of permanently employed engineers in a South African engineering organisation (women = 18%). Perceptions of TFL, WE and TIs were measured, and data were analysed by applying hierarchical moderator regression analysis to predict employee TI from WE in interaction with TFL. Main findings: The results indicate that TFL dimensions, namely idealised influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualised consideration, moderated the relationship between WE dimensions, namely vigour and dedication and TI. Perceptions of a leader who articulated the organisation’s vision, acted as a role model, was inspiring, stimulated creativity and developed followers would enhance employees’ levels of energy, dedication and efforts and hence reduce TI. Practical/managerial implications: Transformational leadership is vital for positive employee engagement and employee retention. Leaders should therefore have TFL competencies and be adept in engaging with their followers. Contribution/value-add: This study adds value to the current engineering organisation as well as TFL, WE and TI literature by examining the effects of WE and TI, positing that TFL is a sound moderator in the relationship between the WE and TI.

Individual, job, and organizational dimensions of work engagement: evidence from the tourism industry

PurposeThis qualitative study investigates how employees and managers perceive work engagement and the role of intangible factors (e.g. task variety, support, and clarity) involved in the motivational process of engagement.Design/methodology/approachA sample of employees working in four organizations in the tourism industry were interviewed. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the results.FindingsThe results reveal that several intangible and contextual factors (e.g. challenging and varied tasks, good relationships at work, and inspiring leaders) are more relevant to work engagement than extrinsic motivators. Engaged individuals are positive, show a personal attachment to their work roles and colleagues, and have a cognitive aspect derived from their effort.Originality/valueAn integrated model of work engagement–disengagement underpinned by factors at the individual, job, and organizational level is suggested as a synthesis of the main research results and can serve as a solid foundation for creating better future workplaces. This study contributes to the understanding of employee behaviors and organizations at work by discussing and empirically exploring the role of work engagement as a driver of differentiation among companies in the tourism industry in Galicia (Spanish region).