Word Passage Research Articles

Från djävulsmusik till konstnärligt uttryck

From Devil's Music to Artistic Expression. The Korpela Movement, Black Metal, and Cultural PolicyThis text explores Korpelarörelsen, a Black Metal band that presents an audiovisual performance depicting a religious movement in Tornedalen during the early 20th century. In 2020 they received prolific funding from the Swedish Arts Grants Committee to conceive, rehearse and tour with the band. The article describes the band's unique portrayal of local history through the use of black metal music, while also discussing the boundaries between art and music, its implications for arts funding and the Black Metal genre's position in cultural hierarchies. The study draws on interviews, concert observations, and analysis of applications and documents outlining the funding decision from the Swedish Arts Grants Committee. The historic religious Korpela movement has been described as a doomsday cult, which believed that practicing music and dance, extrovert “childlike behavior” and even nudity and free sex, was the path to salvation. The band Korpelarörelsen depicts this through raw Black Metal, atmospheric elements, spoken word passages, and peculiar onstage-rituals. Visual aesthetics, including black robes, corpse paint, and blood-like smears, contributed to the atmosphere of mystique, darkness, and death. Korpelarörelsen’s application for cultural funding strategically positioned the project as a collaboration between various art forms and emphasized the interaction between Black Metal aesthetics and music industry methods. Korpelarörelsen's innovative approach and funding success might offer possibilities for extreme music within culturally funded systems. This case study demonstrates how a Black Metal band from Tornedalen could potentially have cultural and political impact and pave the way for other extreme music groups seeking recognition and support.

Morse Code Based Secured Authentication System through Machine Learning

Data science is a multidisciplinary blend of data inference, algorithm development and technology in order to solve analytically complex problems. Data science is used by almost all the industries like instructive organizations, finance, medical services, business to deal with huge volumes of information. The pragmatic applications range from foreseeing stock development to anticipating disease; utilized in picture preparing to character acknowledgment, sound handling for discourse to message expectation. Since the majority of individuals on the planet are dealing with issues in the field of verification and security. The system provides a real time eye tracing for password authentication for people who authenticate themselves using Morse code. Advancement in the technology of authentication and authorization has be supported in the 21st century a lot as we know. Personal identification numbers (PIN) are widely used for user authentication and security since the late 90's. Since PIN numbers are easily crack able these days, people prefer to follow different approach. PIN validation with hands-off look-based PIN section procedures, then again, abandons no actual impressions and in this manner offers a safer secret word passage alternative. Gaze-based system for authentication alludes to discovering the eye area across consecutive picture frames and following the eye movements by plotting the eye center. Password authentication will be done using Morse code, where numbers will be represented in dots and dashes. This model presents a real-time application for gaze-based PIN entry with face recognition, and eye detection and tracking for PIN identification using a smart camera

Identifying Errors made by EFL College Students in Dictation

A test is an important device for teachers and for learners; for teachers in that it helps to assess the students' EL performance and for learners in that it helps them to discover the areas of weakness and strength in their performances. Dictation is one of the integrative tests that have proved their proficiency in measuring different language skills, like listening comprehension and spelling . It is a reading passage (100 to 200 words) which is read by the teacher three times at a normal speed . The students' task is to write down what the teacher read in the second reading . However, experienced instructors in the field of TEFL realise that learners have many errors in writing . Hence, the present study aims at identifying, classification and explaining the errors that EFL college students make during applying dictation tests . The sample of the study is 55 students randomly chosen from the second- year students at the Department of English, College of Basic Education , Al-Mustansiriyah University during the academic year 2005 / 2006. The instrument of the study is a ready test which consists of a 162- word passage. The passage is intended to test advanced students' dictation. The test is submitted to a jury of specialists to ensure its validity. The test results revealed that the sample subjects have many errors which the researcher classified into comprehension, grammatical and spelling errors. Spelling errors formed the largest percentage of the total number of errors which are, in turn, classified into subcategories . In the light of the obtained results some conclusions are drawn, number of recommendations are made, and several suggestions for further research are presented .

Words of Passage: National Longing and the Imagined Lives of Mexican Migrants. Hilary ParsonsDick. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2018. xxviii + 283pp.

Words of Passage: National Longing and the Imagined Lives of Mexican Migrants. Hilary ParsonsDick. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2018. xxviii + 283pp.

Words of Passage: National Longing and the Imagined Lives of Mexican Migrants. HilaryParsons Dick. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. 312 pp.

Words of Passage: National Longing and the Imagined Lives of Mexican Migrants. HilaryParsons Dick. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. 312 pp.

A small group intervention for older primary school-aged low-progress readers: Further evidence for efficacy

The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of a small-group reading instruction program that was delivered over two school terms to Australian students in Years 3 through 6. A large cohort (n = 239) of primary school children was assessed on their literacy skills before and after receiving ‘MacqLit’, a phonics-based program designed for older struggling readers. Parametric and nonparametric difference tests were used to compare results at pre- and postintervention time points. Statistically significant improvements with large effect sizes were observed on all raw score measures of word reading, nonword reading, passage reading and spelling. Statistically significant improvements were also observed on standard score measures of nonword reading and passage reading, suggesting the gains were greater than what might be expected to have resulted from typical classroom instruction. The results indicate that older middle primary school-aged students may benefit from phonics-based, small-group reading instruction.

Words of Passage: National Longing and the Imagined Lives of Mexican Migrants. By Hilary Parsons Dick. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. Pp. ix+283. $90.00 (cloth); $29.95 (paper).

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewWords of Passage: National Longing and the Imagined Lives of Mexican Migrants. By Hilary Parsons Dick. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. Pp. ix+283. $90.00 (cloth); $29.95 (paper).Lisa M. MartinezLisa M. MartinezUniversity of Denver Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 125, Number 2September 2019 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/704750 Views: 64Total views on this site For permission to reuse a book review printed in the American Journal of Sociology, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Words of Passage: National Longing and the Imagined Lives of Mexican Migrants

Words of Passage: National Longing and the Imagined Lives of Mexican Migrants

Words of Passage: National Longing and the Imagined Lives of Mexican Migrants by Hilary Parsons Dick

Words of Passage: National Longing and the Imagined Lives of Mexican Migrants by Hilary Parsons Dick

Words of Passage: National Longing and the Imagined Lives of Mexican Migrants by Hilary Parsons Dick

Words of Passage: National Longing and the Imagined Lives of Mexican Migrants by Hilary Parsons Dick

Words of Passage: National Longing and Imagined Livesof Mexican Migrants by Hilary Parsons Dick Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. 283 pp.

Words of Passage: National Longing and Imagined Livesof Mexican Migrants by Hilary Parsons Dick Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. 283 pp.

Effects of lexical features, textual properties, and individual differences on word processing times during second language reading comprehension

This study examines whether lexical features and textual properties along with individual differences on the part of readers influence word processing times during second language (L2) reading comprehension. Forty-eight Spanish-speaking adolescent and adult learners of English read nine English passages in a self-paced word-by-word reading experiment. Linear mixed effects models revealed that for word-level effects, more frequent words facilitated L2 word processing times. In contrast, words with higher concreteness and words with higher orthographic distinctiveness inhibited L2 word processing times. For text-level effects, processing times for L2 words in passages that were simplified at the beginning and intermediate levels were significantly faster than those for words in authentic passages, and L2 word processing times decreased as L2 learners encountered each new passage and as they read words further into each passage. With respect to individual differences, L2 word processing times became quicker for more proficient L2 readers. It was also found that L2 reading proficiency interacted with orthographic distinctiveness, such that more proficient L2 readers had smaller effects of orthographic distinctiveness on L2 processing times than less proficient L2 readers. These findings indicate that various sources, including lexical features, textual properties, and individual differences, all affect word processing during L2 reading comprehension.

Word skipping: Effects of word length, predictability, spelling and reading skill.

Readers’ eyes often skip over words as they read. Skipping rates are largely determined by word length; short words are skipped more than long words. However, the predictability of a word in context also impacts skipping rates. Rayner, Slattery, Drieghe and Liversedge reported an effect of predictability on word skipping for even long words (10-13 characters) that extend beyond the word identification span. Recent research suggests that better readers and spellers have an enhanced perceptual span. We explored that whether reading and spelling skill interact with word length and predictability to impact word skipping rates in a large sample (N = 92) of average and poor adult readers. Participants read the items from Rayner et al., while their eye movements were recorded. Spelling skill (zSpell) was assessed using the dictation and recognition tasks developed by Sally Andrews and colleagues. Reading skill (zRead) was assessed from reading speed (words per minute) and comprehension accuracy of three 120 word passages each with 10 comprehension questions. We fit linear mixed models to the target gaze duration data and generalized linear mixed models to the target word skipping data. Target word gaze durations were significantly predicted by zRead, while the skipping likelihoods were significantly predicted by zSpell. Additionally, for gaze durations, zRead significantly interacted with word predictability as better readers relied less on context to support word processing. These effects are discussed in relation to the lexical quality hypothesis and eye movement models of reading.

번역문이 제공된 반복적 읽기가 대학생들의 언어능력에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to look into the effects of repeated reading assisted by translation on college students’ English proficiency. Six students were given 20 sessions of repeated reading practice along with a translation, and the tests of comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar before and after reading of each text. Comprehension was measured by check-up questions, vocabulary by VOK test, and structural knowledge by Grammar scan test. The subjects read a 350-400 word passage seven to nine times assisted by an auditory reading model and a translation passage. The data analysis indicated that the students’ reading comprehension and vocabulary gains increased significantly including the lowest-level students, but not grammatical knowledge. This effect of repeated reading was transferred to upper level of reading passages. The translation passage appeared to help the participants to fully comprehend the text and to grasp the meaning of unfamiliar words. No change of grammatical knowledge implied that even the full understanding of the text didn’t lead the students to notice and to isolate certain grammatical features from the sentential context. The findings suggested that for effective implementation of repeated reading, students should be assisted by various forms of schematic and linguistic support and translation may be an easy option as a support for students, particularly with low English proficiency.

Effects of Hydroxyurea (HU) on Neurocognitive Performance in Children with Sickle Cell Disease: A Prospective Trial

Background: Sickle cell anemia is associated with progressive compromise of neurocognitive function exacerbated by stroke or silent cerebral infarction. Despite decades of experience with chronic transfusion, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and HU, improvement in neurocognitive performance from these interventions has not been clearly demonstrated; only one study has reported improvement in global cognitive index from HU (Puffer, Child Neuropsychology, 2007). As part of a comprehensive prospective evaluation of the effects of HU treatment on the central nervous system, we evaluated neuropsychological performance in school-age children with sickle cell anemia.Methods: Subjects had HbSS/Sβ0 thalassemia and no history of previous central nervous system (CNS) events and were 7-18 years old. After informed consent, baseline evaluations included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV) and the Woodcock-Johnson Achievement Test Version III (WJ-III). Treated patients received HU beginning at 20 mg/kg/d with gradual escalation to maximum tolerated dose (MTD) within one year. They were evaluated with the same CNS studies after 12 months. A control group who declined HU treatment was matched by diagnosis and age and was also evaluated at baseline and after one year. Summary statistics of WISC and WJ-III scores were reported for each time point and for their change between two time points in each group and were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum and Wilcoxon signed rank tests, respectively.Results: Age and gender distributions in HU-treated (n=21) and untreated control patients (n=11) were comparable. In HU-treated patients, but not in controls, there was significant improvement in mean full scale IQ (FSIQ) after one year (Table 1). In treated subjects, mean WISC subscale scores were all higher after one year, although none were statistically significant. Among controls, FSIQ and all subscales, except working memory, showed a numerical decrease in mean scores, with the greatest decline in perceptual reasoning. Subtest scores from the WJ-III Achievement test in HU-treated patients showed significant improvement in comprehension of word passages. Among controls, WJ-III Achievement subtest scores showed no significant changes. When mean changes in WISC scores from baseline to one-year follow-up were compared (Table 2), treated patients showed greater positive changes than controls, but differences were not significant. Changes in WJ-III scores for treated and control subjects also were not significant.Conclusions: In children with sickle cell anemia, HU treatment over a one year period was associated with a significant improvement in the Wechsler Full Scale IQ; subscales showed small to medium positive changes although the differences were not statistically significant. By contrast, in the untreated control group, most scores were lower after one year and mean changes in scores from baseline were less positive than those in the HU group. In measures of achievement, the treated group demonstrated improved passage (reading) comprehension, a skill related to executive function. Overall, these results suggest that HU may improve cognitive function or prevent decline. Correlation of standard and functional MR neuroimaging in these subjects with neurocognitive performance is pending. Future trials are needed to examine the impact of other interventions (e.g., memory training, multisensory reading intervention), possibly in conjunction with HU. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Effects of speech passage length on accuracy of predicting metabolic thresholds using the talk test

The Talk Test (TT) is a simple technique for prescribing exercise training intensity, based on the ability to ‘speak comfortably’ after reciting a standard speech provoking stimulus. This study compares the length of the speech provoking stimulus on power output (PO) at standard TT speech comfort markers: last positive (LP), equivocal (EQ), negative (NEG), in relation to objective markers of exercise intensity, the ventilatory (VT) and respiratory compensation (RCT) thresholds. Eighteen healthy subjects performed incremental (25W/2 min) exercise with concomitant gas exchange to measure VT and RCT. They also performed (random order) incremental exercise without gas exchange while repeating standard speech provoking stimuli of 31, 62 and 93 words to allow identification of the LP, EQ and NEG stages of the TT. The mean (±SD) PO at LP (139±38, 117±39 and 103±38 W), EQ (164±38, 142±38 and 128±33 W) and NEG (196±42, 189±43, and 174±39 W) stages of the TT were analyzed for 31, 62 and 93 word passages, in relation to the PO at VT (128±43 W) and RCT (175±39W). PO at EQ and PO at NEG stages of the TT with the 93 word speech provoking stimulus were not significantly different than the PO at VT and PO at RCT, respectively. The mean error for predicting PO at VT approximated zero with the longer (93 word) speech passage duration for EQ (0.1±37 W) and for predicting the PO at RCT for NEG (0.1±29 W). The results suggest that a longer duration speech provoking passage optimizes accuracy of the TT estimation of VT and RCT

Does providing more processing time improve speech intelligibility in hearing-impaired listeners?

There is ample evidence in the literature that hearing loss increases the time taken to process speech (e.g. increased response times for word discrimination, sentence identification, and passage comprehension). This has led to the assumption that providing hearing-impaired listeners with more time to process speech would be beneficial. For sentence identification, a number of studies have examined the effects of adding silent gaps, or using time-expansion, but the results have been mixed. This may be because the distortion of natural sentence structure counteracted any benefits, or because the tasks used were not sufficiently demanding. In the current study, we re-examined this issue in young hearing-impaired listeners. By using sequences of words spoken in isolation, we were able to insert pauses between words without disrupting natural word boundaries. Furthermore, we used speech tasks involving interference in order to reveal effects that might only be apparent when the processing load is high. Although we found a statistically significant benefit of providing silent gaps between words, it was modest and was only present for some listeners in certain conditions. Overall, there was little evidence that the benefit was larger for hearing-impaired listeners or under more challenging conditions.

Effects of prediction and contextual support on lexical processing: Prediction takes precedence

Readers may use contextual information to anticipate and pre-activate specific lexical items during reading. However, prior studies have not clearly dissociated the effects of accurate lexical prediction from other forms of contextual facilitation such as plausibility or semantic priming. In this study, we measured electrophysiological responses to predicted and unpredicted target words in passages providing varying levels of contextual support. This method was used to isolate the neural effects of prediction from other potential contextual influences on lexical processing. While both prediction and discourse context influenced ERP amplitudes within the time range of the N400, the effects of prediction occurred much more rapidly, preceding contextual facilitation by approximately 100ms. In addition, a frontal, post-N400 positivity (PNP) was modulated by both prediction accuracy and the overall plausibility of the preceding passage. These results suggest a unique temporal primacy for prediction in facilitating lexical access. They also suggest that the frontal PNP may index the costs of revising discourse representations following an incorrect lexical prediction.

Exploring Relationship Between Word Identification and Passage Reading Fluency Within a Response to Intervention Framework: An Application of Latent Growth Modeling

Identifying proper measure to monitor students' growth and understanding characteristics of growth patterns between different achieving groups are critical issues in terms of screening students at risk. To deal with this, we explored relationships of slopes and intercepts between word identification (ID) and passage reading fluency (reading aloud) measures in grade 2 to give answers to (1) What are the characteristics of growth patterns for the high, average, and low achieving group? (2) Do the intercept and the slope of word ID predict those of reading aloud? and (3) Do the three groups show different relation patterns between the measures? A total of 449 second graders in an Oregon school district were chosen, and two measures were administered for three time points. Latent growth modeling was applied to examine the growth patterns and the relationships between the intercepts and the slopes. The results were as follows: (1) the growth pattern in the low-achieving group was both low intercept and low slope. (2) The slope of word reading fluency was not a significant predictor of the passage reading fluency slope in the average achieving group; however, in the low-achieving group, all the paths were significant. These suggest (1) the slope would be an insufficient indicator in decision making based on the progress monitoring scores and (2) for the low achieving group, the word ID measure can be a good indicator of growth in reading for primary graders. Implications for the research and practice in the use of curriculum-based measurements for screening nonresponders are discussed.

A text categorisation tool for open source communities based on semantic analysis

Open source software (OSS) projects are supported by communities interacting through software repositories and mailing lists. Thousands of contributors participate in the development of the projects although they rarely meet each other. The result is a huge archived repository with thousands of questions, answers and contributions usually difficult to explore. We propose a tool based on semantic analysis for both performing an automatic knowledge discovery and a categorisation of the content of mailing lists repositories. Semantic analysis is a practical method for extracting and inferring relations of words in passages of discourse, producing measures of relations among words or passages that are well correlated with semantic similarity. The objective of this article is two-fold: (1) to develop a text categorisation tool based on indexing terms and semantic annotation, and (2) to apply the developed tool to extract the main dimensions related to knowledge sharing activities in virtual communities. Debian Linux ports to embedded processors are used as a case study to accomplish the proposed double objective.