Word Of Truth Research Articles

Pentingnya Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Mahasiswa

Christian Religious Education Lessons on the formation of a person’s character is a very serous thing to be improved and fostered. The example of a Christian’s life will be even more important if that person can bring a very good Christian life and be able to implement his faith in the midst of his own social life. Christian religious education must be seriously improved, because it is related and is an intergal (whole) part in the development and improvement of human life as a whole. Which is assigned to every human being as God’s representative in proclaiming the Word of Truth in the midst of the world. Someone who has studied Christian education well is able to show positive behavior (good character), has different strengths in his actions. He has healthy ideas, faith, hope and optimism. Positive ideas emanate from his mind, as well as the law of attraction, where positive results will be attracted to people who think positively. Realization of Christian Religious Education is said to be isgnificant because it is beneficial in increasing the formation of good character and having a positive self-concept. So thus someone will appear confident with all the capabilities and wholeness owned.

Untravelling the Complexities of Marriage: Fantasy and Reality in Olga Grushin's the Charmed Wife

Literature is the expression of life in words of truth and beauty. It is an art form that can include works in various non-fiction genres such as biographies, diaries, memoirs, letters and essays. Diasporic literature often delves into the complexities of identity formation in a new cultural context. Fantasy literature is set in an imaginary world that often but not always includes real-world places, events and characters. The fantasy reveals the difference between reality and imagination. Olga Grushin is a Russian-American novelist born in Moscow to the family of Boris Grushin a prominent Soviet sociologist. The Charmed Wife explores feminism, love, family along self-identification. Cinderella is the protagonist of the tale. She is referred to as Jane in the fantasy tale and experiences challenges in her life. The writer addresses the reader and highlights the difference between imagination and reality in her writing. It portrays the pain of the woman particularly after her marriage. The main concept that you can learn from this story is that living in an imaginary world will not make your life smoother. This paper focuses on Jane’s pain and suffering of the women character who has decided to save their own life.

Homily 16 on “In the beginning was the Word”

Homily 16 on “In the beginning was the Word” St. Basil of Caesarea Translated by Fr. Austin Dominic Litke, OP (bio) Key Words Basil of Caesarea, 4th century Christology, Gospel of John, Patristics 1. The words of the Gospels are greater than any of the other teachings that come from the Spirit.4 For, in the latter, the Lord has spoken to us through his servants the prophets, whereas in the Gospels he has spoken to us in his own person (see Heb 1:1–2).5 Among the Gospels, John, the Son of Thunder, is the one who is most eloquent, spoke most boldly about everything he heard, and is greater than any other mind. We have just heard a reading from the Prologue of his Gospel: In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God (Jn 1:1). I know that there are many—far from the Word of Truth and full of the pride of worldly wisdom—who have appreciated these words and have had the audacity to mix them in among their own works.6 The Devil of course is a thief who spreads his truth through his own ministers. But if the wisdom of the flesh has admired the value of these words to such an extent, what shall we, the disciples of the Spirit, do, if we listen to them only superficially and count them as having little value? And who is so obtuse not to be struck by the beauty of thought and the inaccessible depth of their teaching so as not to desire to understand them correctly? For, it is not difficult [End Page 151] to admire beautiful things; to understand them adequately, however, is excruciatingly difficult. There is no one who does not appreciate without measure the shining sun, which attracts its admirer by its beauty and greatness, by the regularity of its rays, and the splendor of its light. But if one were to seek to fix the gaze of his eyes on its circumference too intently, not only would he not succeed in seeing what he desires, but he would damage the integrity of his vision. Such an experience shows the mind, it seems to me, what I now seek to explain as to the controversial meaning of the words under discussion. In the beginning was the Word. Who can worthily understand what concerns the beginning? What sufficient words can be found to explain what is thought? For the sake of teaching us the theology7 of the Son of God, John has represented the Word as the origin of all things. The Holy Spirit of course knew that some would seek to attack the glory of the Only-Begotten, knowing in advance that they would oppose us with their sophistry,8 devised to ruin the faith of those who would listen to them, when they say: “If he was generated, then there was a time when he did not exist,” “Before being generated, he did not exist,” and “He received his existence from nothing.” Such are the things that certain tongues, sharper than any two-edged sword, serve up. But because no one is allowed to say such things, the Holy Spirit cuts them off by means of the Gospel when it reads, In the beginning was the Word. If you hold on tightly to this word, you will not suffer any damage from any of the falsifiers. If one of them were to say to you: “if he was generated, then he did not exist,” you respond: In the beginning he was. “But,” one objects, “what was he before he was generated?” You, however, need only repeat, he was, and do not forget in the beginning.9 We, of course, cannot comprehend the absolute beginning, and we cannot in any way find something before the beginning. Let no one fool you with the different meanings of the word.10 In this life, of course, there are many beginnings to many things, but there is only one which is the beginning of all things, the one that is beyond all the others. It is written in Proverbs: the beginning...

SMITH AT 300: ADAM SMITH ON RHETORIC AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

“We need not be surprised … that the Cartesian philosophy …, though it does not perhaps contain a word of truth, … should nevertheless have been so universally received by all the Learned in Europe at that time. … [They] greedily receive[d] a work which we justly esteem one of the most entertaining Romances that has ever been wrote.”LRBL ii.134

Ecology, Anti-Christianity, and the Far Right

Ecology, Anti-Christianity, and the Far Right

Alleviating Exposure Bias for Neural Machine Translation via Contextual Augmentation and Self Distillation

In neural machine translation (NMT), most sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models are trained only with the teacher-forcing paradigm, where the ground truth history is used to predict the next ground truth word. At the inference stage, however, the decoder predicts the next token solely based on history generated from scratch. Both using ground truth history and predicting ground truth words potentially lead to exposure bias. On the one hand, to alleviate the issue of exposure bias caused by using ground truth history, we propose contextual augmentation by allowing substitution, insertion, and deletion of words. The contextual augmentation applies to target sequence to generate non-ground truth and natural history when predicting next words. On the other hand, to alleviate the exposure bias caused by predicting ground truth words, we further apply self distillation to guide the model to carry out optimization according to smoothed prediction distribution, i.e, enable the model to predict not only ground truth words, but also other potentially correct and reasonable words. Experimental results on WMT14 English <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\leftrightarrow$</tex-math></inline-formula> German and IWSLT14 German <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rightarrow$</tex-math></inline-formula> English translation tasks demonstrate that our approach achieves significant improvements over Transformer on standard benchmarks. Detailed experimental analyses further reveal the effectiveness of our proposed approach on improving the translation quality.

Right Sentiments to Spread the Word of Truth: Verified Ratings and Sentiment Polarity in Promoting Fact-Checking Contents on Social Media

Right Sentiments to Spread the Word of Truth: Verified Ratings and Sentiment Polarity in Promoting Fact-Checking Contents on Social Media

Penciptaan, Kejatuhan Manusia dalam Dosa dan Puncak Sejarah Keselamatan pada Kristus dalam Perspektif Gereja

The Nicene-Constantinople creed very clearly recognizes God the Father as the Creator of this universe. Man was created in the image of God, both male and female. According to Genesis 1:27 God created everything in this world really good and beautiful. Classical Creation Theology says that God created this world from something that did not exist before (creatio ex nihilo). The creation story in Genesis 1 illustrate that God created everything in this world in an orderly and systematic way. However, due to Adam's disobedience to God, humans who were originally created very noble and in the image of God experienced separation. As a result of this original sin, it lost the sanctity and justice of its nature when it was first created. But because of God's mercy, He gave God's only begotten Son, the Word of Truth, to save and redeem mankind from sin through His sacrifice on the cross. In order for humans to obtain that great salvation, humans must have faith in God who has given redemption through His Only Begotten Son, Jesus Christ. The manifestation of this faith is to receive the Sacrament of Baptism.

2 Timothy 2:15 and the ordained and self-styled Nigerian ministers of God who twist the gospel

In Nigeria, it is a theological issue when ministers of God do not give diligence and utmost care to the study, interpretation and application of the word of truth. Some ordained and self-styled Nigerian ministers of God twist the gospel for a gamut of reasons by not being apt in studying, interpreting and applying the word of God, which have negative implications to the mission mandate of the Church in Nigeria. Consequently, this study exegetically examines the theological implications of some Nigerian ministers of God twisting the gospel for an array of reasons and the need for them to be very apt and meticulous in studying, interpreting and applying the word of truth in the light of 2 Timothy 2:15. Employing redaction method of doing biblical exegesis, this study argues that the experiential issue of some ordained and self-styled Nigerian ministers of God who fail in being apt in studying, interpreting, applying and practising the word of truth is hindering the gospel from being fully known in Nigeria.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This study addressed the theological issue of some ordained and self-styled Nigerian ministers of God who are not diligently committed to the ministry of the word of truth. The study recommends that Nigerian ministers of God should study the ministry of the word of truth with diligence and utmost care as Paul instructed Timothy. Disciplines implicated include New Testament and Theological Studies.

Between Two Millstones, Book 1: Sketches of Exile, 1974–1978

Between Two Millstones, Book 1: Sketches of Exile, 1974–1978

Context-aware Retrieval-based Deep Commit Message Generation

Commit messages recorded in version control systems contain valuable information for software development, maintenance, and comprehension. Unfortunately, developers often commit code with empty or poor quality commit messages. To address this issue, several studies have proposed approaches to generate commit messages from commit diffs . Recent studies make use of neural machine translation algorithms to try and translate git diffs into commit messages and have achieved some promising results. However, these learning-based methods tend to generate high-frequency words but ignore low-frequency ones. In addition, they suffer from exposure bias issues, which leads to a gap between training phase and testing phase. In this article, we propose CoRec to address the above two limitations. Specifically, we first train a context-aware encoder-decoder model that randomly selects the previous output of the decoder or the embedding vector of a ground truth word as context to make the model gradually aware of previous alignment choices. Given a diff for testing, the trained model is reused to retrieve the most similar diff from the training set. Finally, we use the retrieval diff to guide the probability distribution for the final generated vocabulary. Our method combines the advantages of both information retrieval and neural machine translation. We evaluate CoRec on a dataset from Liu et al. and a large-scale dataset crawled from 10K popular Java repositories in Github. Our experimental results show that CoRec significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art method NNGen by 19% on average in terms of BLEU.

The Relevance of Dostoevsky

The year 2021 marks the 200th anniversary of Dostoevsky’s birth and the 140th anniversary of his immortality. Literary anniversaries became a part of the Russian culture relatively recently. The celebration is usually held in memory of those who had already found eternity. The attempt to celebrate the tercentenary of Shakespeare (1864) and the centenary of Pushkin’s birth in 1899 marked the beginning of a new cultural tradition. The dates of literary anniversaries in the 20th century reflect the struggle between these trends: birthdays are gradually replacing memorial days. Anniversaries tend to be an occasion not only for understanding a writer’s significance in the modern world, but also for analyzing the trends and prospects of studying their legacy. The article provides an overview of the past anniversaries of Dostoevsky in Russia and an analysis of several articles from the first issue of The Unknown Dostoevsky journal for 2021. The special feature of Dostoevsky’s bicentennial anniversary is the competition held by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) “Sources and methods in the study of the legacy of F. M. Dostoevsky in Russian and world culture” (2018–2021), which resulted in the support of 28 projects by leading Russian scientists. They will result in the publication of an unprecedented corpus of studies on Dostoevsky’s biography, philosophy, creativity, textual criticism and poetics. In post-Soviet Russia, the gap between Dostoevsky studies and mass consciousness, science and education is apparent. Moreover, technologies to counteract Dostoevsky’s influence on the modern Russian person are still operating. Reading and studying Dostoevsky remains the privilege of philologists, whose number in Russian universities has been drastically reduced with no prospects of the development of continuous humanitarian education. Nevertheless, despite influential opponents, Dostoevsky represents Russia, the Karamazovs are the most famous Russian surname, and today, just like 150 years ago, the prophet and apostle Dostoevsky conveys the word of truth and veracity to the world.

Ireland's Election 2020: The Shape of Things to Come?

13 R Hütter, John Henry Newman on Truth and its Counterfeits: A Guide for Our Times (Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2020). 14 Companies, large and small-ish, have long provided placement facilities for universities – a vital form of experiential learning which provides mutual benefits. Universities add another dimension to internal resources, make their courses more attractive to graduates seeking employment, and provide research opportunities for members of their faculty. 15 H J Kim, A J Hong and H Song, ‘The Roles of Academic Engagement and Digital Readiness in Students’ Achievements in University E-Learning Environments’. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education (2019), 16; 21. 16 For a detailed analysis on this important issue, see A Case and A Deaton Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2020). While the detailed analysis relates to the US, it is of compelling relevance to the wider globalised model of capitalism. 17 A Solzhenitsyn, ‘A World Split Apart’. Harvard Commencement Address, 8 June 1978. 18 F X Rocca, ‘Pope Urges Filipino Families: Dream, Resist ‘Ideological Colonisation’. Catholic News Service. Accessed 12 May 2020, from: https://www.catholicnews. com/services/englishnews/2015/pope-urges-filipino-families-dream-resistideological -colonization.cfm In the US, this process, and its impact on democracy and fundamental freedoms within universities and society, has been criticised equally by leftist academics such as Columbia’s Mark Lilla and conservative commentators including, for example, Roger Kimball and Allan Bloom. See M Lilla, The Once and Future Liberal: After Identity Politics (London: Harper Collins, 2017); A Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today’s Students (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987). 19 A Solzhenitsyn, ‘One word of Truth...’, The Nobel Speech on Literature, 1970. Studies • volume 109 • number 435 266 Ray Kinsella Ireland’s Election 2020: The Shape of Things to Come? Anthony White There were a number of unique factors about the Irish general election of February 2020, which in time may cause it to be seen as one of the most significant in the history of the state. For the first time since 1923, the highest share of the votes was obtained by a party other than Fianna Fáil or Fine Gael (or the latter’s predecessor, Cumann na nGaedheal). What made Sinn Féin’s breakthrough more striking was that it was not anticipated by commentators, politicians nor indeed by Sinn Féin itself, which did not nominate sufficient candidates to allow it to maximise its harvest of seats. This article analyses the performance of all the major parties and groups in the election and how they fit with historical trends in previous elections. Sinn Féin The modern Sinn Féin dates from the 1970 split which led to the formation of the Provisional IRA/Sinn Féin and the Official IRA/Sinn Féin.1 The latter eventually became the Workers’ Party. Sinn Féin had an abstentionist policy with regard to elections in the Republic of Ireland until the mid-1980s. In its first three electoral outings in 1987, 1989 and 1992, it obtained less than 2% of the national vote. Caoimhín Ó Caoláin won the party’s first seat in Cavan-Monaghan in 1997. It won five seats in 2002 and four in 2007. 2011 brought a breakthrough, when 9.9% of the national poll gave it 14 seats. This increased to 23 seats with 13.9% of the 2016 poll. At the February 2020 election its vote share at 24.5% was the highest of any party. It won 37 seats, one less than Fianna Fáil and two more than Fine Gael. From a slow start the party has made spectacular advances in the last three general elections. The most striking aspect of Sinn Féin’s surge in 2020 is that it was unexpected. This was not surprising in one sense, in that the party had performed poorly in the local and European Parliament elections of June 2019. In the latter its vote share had dropped to 10.7% from 19.5% in 2014, costing it two of its three...

Modeling Fluency and Faithfulness for Diverse Neural Machine Translation

Neural machine translation models usually adopt the teacher forcing strategy for training which requires the predicted sequence matches ground truth word by word and forces the probability of each prediction to approach a 0-1 distribution. However, the strategy casts all the portion of the distribution to the ground truth word and ignores other words in the target vocabulary even when the ground truth word cannot dominate the distribution. To address the problem of teacher forcing, we propose a method to introduce an evaluation module to guide the distribution of the prediction. The evaluation module accesses each prediction from the perspectives of fluency and faithfulness to encourage the model to generate the word which has a fluent connection with its past and future translation and meanwhile tends to form a translation equivalent in meaning to the source. The experiments on multiple translation tasks show that our method can achieve significant improvements over strong baselines.

The Existential and Anthropological Semantics of the Word in Late 17th-Century Sermons

This article describes the semantics of the word concept, which is represented in late 17th-century homiletic texts. It is defined by the topics of sermons in terms of their ontological and anthropological content, which is characterised by specific features depending on the author. The article mostly focuses on Statir, an extensive and little-studied collection of sermons written by an anonymous author on the Stroganov patrimonial estate. The text is of considerable scholarly interest because of its high artistic level and the author’s fresh view on the traditional aspects of religious life. His sermons actualise the concept of the word on three levels: the Divine Word – the word of the Church Fathers – the sermon word of the clergyman. The three levels are arranged in a hierarchical chain, whose first link is the Word spoken by God the Father (God the Son) and the Gospel, while the next is represented by the teachings of the Holy Fathers. Each new link is the priest’s word, which is reflected in sermons addressing the parish and readers of the collections. These levels are fully represented in the sermon Word 35. Teaching for the Day of the Three Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom. Praise of their Care for the Flock. And about the False Shepherds, and on Heretics, and on the Existing Schismatics. The reader joins in the praise of the three hierarchs and theologians to whom the sermon is devoted. It dwells on the topics of the teaching word, the transformative word, and the role of the clergyman in the process of relaying the truth and criticism of tendencies deviating from the Church and offering an alternative interpretation of its dogma. The word concept is also studied in Food for the Soul (Rus. Obed Dushevnyi), a sermon collection written by Simeon Polotsky, which was familiar to the author of Statir as can be seen from the references. The author of the article carries out comprehensive text analysis and examines the historical and cultural content of the preaching texts. Features of the thematic content of the sermon are examined through the rhetorical structure of a separate work. The study demonstrates that for the author of Statir, the semantics of the multi-level word concept is primarily associated with the categories of continuity, transmission of true knowledge, and transformation of reality. The word is a key to salvation capable of confronting the unrighteous word and directing believers’ lives (in contrast to the word in Food for the Soul where it appears as a resource, a specific fuel required for the spiritual development of the recipient). In the sermon Teaching for the Day of the Three Hierarchs, the author builds a complex system of arguments designed to convince the readers of the need to learn the word of truth through sacred texts and curb the spread of false teachings. Using extensive metaphors and creatively processing sources, the author engages the recipients in the space of teachings and convinces them to adopt his point of view. The sermon resembles a fluent multidimensional conversation, whose themes form a network and are combined into an integrated system by the word concept.

СТАНОВИЩЕ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ЕМІГРАНТІВ ("СКИТАЛЬЦІВ") У ПРОПОВІДЯХ МИТРОПОЛИТА ІЛАРІОНА (ЗА МАТЕРІАЛАМИ ЧАСОПИСУ "СЛОВО ІСТИНИ" 1947–1951 рр.)

The periodical press is rightly called a treasure trove of diverse information from the life of a particular historical era. Important for the study of the history of Ukrainian society is the periodical press of Ukrainian diaspora, which contains different types of source information: socio-political, scientific, technical, cultural, religious etc. The article deals with the poorly studied part of the preaching heritage of Metropolitan Ilarion (Ivan Ohiienko). The main attention is paid to the sermons of Metropolitan Ilarion, declared in the early years of bishops' service in Canada and published in "The Word of Truth" magazine, which had been publishing in Winnipeg during the 1947-1955 by the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada. Sermons of Metropolitan Іilarion (Ivan Ohiienko) are a significant source of information for the reproducing the historical past of Ukrainians. The author discovered 21 of his sermons that have been published in "The Word of Truth” magazine. The author focuses on the sermons in which the Metropolitan touches upon the pressing issues of the difficult existence of Ukrainian emigrants. According to the Metropolitan Іlarion, there were two groups of Ukrainian emigrants after the Second World War: the so-called “Ostarbeiters” and intellectuals. The status of the second group was harder Metropolitan Іlarion (Ivan Ohienko) called for mutual respect and assistance, and unity around the issue of national identity and development of Ukrainian society. Given that the preaching legacy of Metropolitan Іlarion (Ivan Ohiienko) is poorly researched, the sermons discussed in this article supplement the history of Ukrainian emigration and are an integral component of Ukraine's national spiritual and cultural heritage.

The Ability of Word Embeddings to Capture Word Similarities

Distributed language representation has become the most widely used technique for language representation in various natural language processing tasks. Most of the natural language processing models that are based on deep learning techniques use already pre-trained distributed word representations, commonly called word embedding. Determining the most qualitative word embedding is of crucial importance for such models. However, selecting the appropriate word embedding is a perplexing task since the projected embedding space is not intuitive to humans.In this paper, we explore different approaches for creating distributed word representations. We perform an intrinsic evaluation of several state-of-the-art word embedding methods. Their performance on capturing word similarities is analysed with existing benchmark datasets for word pairs similarities. The research in this paper conducts a correlation analysis between ground truth word similarities and similarities obtained by different word embedding methods.

PREACH THE WORD: THE MEANING OF LOGOS IN 2 TIMOTHY 4:2

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a solution to the following question: “What is the understanding that Timothy and the original audience have about the meaning of λόγος in the exhortation Preach the Word?”. The literature on this topic has offered several options: 1. Gospel; 2. Scripture; 3. More generic meanings such as sound doctrine, true faith, word of truth, and Paul’s teachings. This paper is divided into three parts. The first one aims to demonstrate that the recent debate points out, in synthesis, to either Gospel or Scripture as the meaning intended by Paul. The second one performs a brief analysis of λόγος throughout the New Testament. Finally, the third one assesses the text and the context of 2 Timothy 4:1-5 in order to verify the meaning of λόγος in such a passage. The data analyzed in this paper allow us to conclude that an inseparable unity between the Gospel and Scripture is the best option for the meaning of λόγος in 2 Timothy 4:2. Indeed, Paul uses this term to refer to the Christ-event just as it is described in the Old and New Testament, i.e., life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. However, for Paul, the relationship between Scripture and the Christ-event – or vice versa – forms an inseparable unity, so that affirming that by the word λόγος he also meant Scripture is not a mistake

Канадський журнал «Слово Істини» в українському літературному процесі

У статті реалізовано спробу продемонструвати представленість у канадському журналі Івана Огієнка (митрополита Іларіона) «Слово Істини» (1947–1951 роки) окремих проявів українського літературного процесу на прикладі письменників (белетристів, літературознавців, прозаїків і поетів) Леоніда Білецького, Семена Гаєвсь­кого, Володимира Дорошенка, Ігоря Качуровського, Леоніда Мосендза, Петра Одарченка, Бориса Олександріва, Яра Славутича, Михайла Садиленка. Через журнал І. Огієнко у важкий період після закінчення Другої світової війни закликав громадськість підтримати письменників матеріально, сам регулярно займався такою допомогою і публікував повідомлення про факти підтримки літераторів; слова подяки за цю допомогу, які виходили від українських письменників, також публікувалися на сторінках часопису. В журналі українські письменники високо оцінювали працю І. Огієнка «Історія української літературної мови», через яку коло письменництва значно розширювалось, у тому числі й за рахунок авторів із совєтської України. Журнал публікував поезію та прозу не лише релігійного (переважно самого митрополита Іларіона), а й світського характеру. Літератори на тлі тодішньої мовної розхристаності високо поціновували високий рівень грамотності, притаманний «Слову Істини». На сторінках журналу знаходила місце і творчість українських письменників попереднього часу, які на той час уже пішли з життя (Спиридона Черкасенка, Юрія Клена). В статті йдеться і про чималі труднощі, з якими стикався І. Огієнко у видавничій справі, зокрема про критику малої автури часопису «Слово Істини», про окремі спроби ігнорування журналу. Безпосередня представленість письменників на журнальних шпальтах «Слова Істини» подається на більш широкому тлі творчого шляху того чи іншого письменника, його зв’язків з Іваном Огієнком. При всій фрагментарній репрезентованості українського літературного процесу в журналі «Слово Істини» ці фрагменти й нині є важливим матеріалом, без якого загальна картина української літератури була б неповною.

“And the Word of Truth and Love” (Shevchenko’s Truth and its Christian Essence)

The paper focuses on the motive of truth and its unique representation in the works by Taras Shevchenko. The topicality of the issue is explained by the needs of its deeper exploration in the context of present time when the term “post-truth” appeared and informational war is going on. Using abundant references to Shevchenko’s and biblical texts, the researcher indicates the features that characterize “truth” in Shevchenko’s works as a basic concept with Christian meaning. In particular, the word “truth” is often used by the poet with such lexemes as “light”, “love”, “glory”, “power”, “will” that involve a strong association with God in the Bible. According to the researcher, Shevchenko’s texts contain obvious and direct indications proving that the poet understood truth as Christ Himself or His teaching revealed in Gospel explanations.The analysis provides considerations which may help to interpret Shevchenko’s works or some fragments in them. In order to show the unequivocal Christian understanding of the category of truth by Shevchenko the author repeatedly refers to the thoughts of Christian theologians. Shevchenko’s “truth” is likened to the concept “will” in the sense of personal and social freedom, but even more it means the Christian freedom of choice for a man and related human efforts and actions. A powerful motive of sacrifice in Shevchenko’s works testifies that he noticed the essential feature of the Christian religion which was reflected in the definition of truth. The paper has a comparative nature as it gives the examples of using the word/concept of truth by Shevchenko’s predecessors. The poet’s attitude towards truthfulness as a virtue is also considered. Based on the diary entries and correspondence of Shevchenko, as well as the memories about the poet, the researcher tries to explore how much this virtue was inherent to him. Shevchenko’s historiosophy is also taken into consideration. The conclusions explain why Shevchenko filled the concept of truth with the Christian content exactly.