Word Of Explanation Research Articles

The Impact of Reciprocal Teaching Strategy on the Achievement of Fifth Grade Students in Arabic Reading in Erbil Governorate.

The goal of this study was to find out how the mutual teaching method affected the reading skills of fifth graders in Erbil Governorate. The experimental method used in the study was to look at how the independent variable affected the dependent variable by gathering data and using the right statistics analysis to get the results. The study population was all fifth-graders in Erbil Governorate who were learning reading in Arabic during the 2022–2023 school year. To make sure the study tool was valid and reliable statistically, an exploratory sample of 35 female students was chosen. The study sample was split into two groups: an experimental group with 33 students studying Arabic reading using the reciprocal teaching strategy and a control group with 33 students studying Arabic reading using traditional teaching methods. The study found that students in the experimental group got better at reading Arabic after receiving and giving lessons back and forth. This is a statistically significant result, which means that the students in the experimental group did better. As they used strategies that helped them understand what they were reading and became more aware of it, like the question the student asks, his explanations of words and structures they didn't understand, his guesses about what might happen in the text, his reading of the picture that went with the text, and his summary of the text he asked about and his predictions about what would happen in it. All of this makes him more aware of the texts.

Glossed video keyword captions and L2 vocabulary acquisition: an eye-tracking study

The effect of video captions on vocabulary acquisition is a growing topic of interest among L2 researchers. Expanding on this line of inquiry, this study explores how keyword captions enhanced with first language (L1) and second language (L2) glosses (i.e. definitions or brief explanations of unfamiliar words) impact L2 learners’ vocabulary acquisition. This study involved 101 Korean undergraduate students randomly assigned to a baseline (keyword caption only), L1 gloss (keyword caption + L1 gloss), or L2 gloss (keyword caption + L2 gloss) group. The participants viewed a video that corresponded to their group, during which their eye movements were tracked and recorded. Subsequently, the participants completed two vocabulary tests assessing word form and meaning recall. Linear mixed-effects analysis revealed that keyword captions with L1 and L2 glosses resulted in distinct attentional allocation and contributed differently to lexical acquisition. Notably, although the three groups spent similar durations reading the target word forms, the L1 gloss group significantly outperformed the other two groups in word form recall scores. Furthermore, although the L2 gloss group spent three times longer reading L2 glosses compared to the time the L1 gloss group spent reading L1 glosses, the latter had significantly higher scores in the form translation test. These findings have significant implications for L2 pedagogy, particularly regarding the choice between target-language-exclusive or bilingual approaches.

Naskah Akademik: Inkonsistensi Peraturan Dan Keterlibatan Pendidikan Tinggi

The purpose of this research is to determine the form of unclear norms in the preparation of academic texts, and to determine the involvement of universities through academic texts in the formation of regional regulations. The method used in this research uses normative legal research methods which raise the theme of legal systematics or the systematics of statutory regulations with vertical and horizontal levels of synchronization, with legal, conceptual, historical, theoretical and interpretive approaches. The results of this research show that explanatory words or adverbs, and/or academic texts have very different positions so that their diction cannot be in harmony because each position is very different. Apart from that, there are inconsistencies in norms which cause laws and regulations to be out of sync with each other, so that there is no normative harmonization from a vertical and/or horizontal perspective. Meanwhile, higher education institutions' involvement in academic texts is still situationally involuntary, namely a temporary situation within the limits of academic paper preparation activities and there is no aspect of continuity of this involvement. Thus, the position of academic texts is very respectable, however, in terms of legal norms governing academic texts, they are still not clear, so there is no legal certainty.

Praktik "Teaching English" Mahasiswa Program Studi Tadris Bahasa Inggris Melalui Program Praktik Lapangan di MA AL Fatah Badas

PPL is a practical program that aims to develop professional students by applying their knowledge, attitudes, and skills. This program requires students to integrate their previous learning experiences into teaching activities and other tasks in order to gain practical experience in managing an educational institution. Through this program, students have the opportunity to directly engage with the conditions of an educational institution and gain new experiences that complement their theoretical knowledge. The goal of this teaching practice program can give some advantages for the students, the MA Al-Fatah institutions, and the Islamic Institute of Hasanuddin Pare. This research is conducted through a field study by using a qualitative descriptive method, which involves describing research of the data through word explanations. The data is collected through observations and teaching activities carried out by students of the English Tadris study program. The practical Field Experience of Islamic Institue of Hasanuddin Pare 2022-2023 is done on December 6th 2022 – February 4th 2023 at Islamic Senior High School Al –fatah Badas Pare.

Book review: Italian Opera Librettos with Precise Word by Word Explanation by Stella Guo Chen and Carlo Alberto Petruzzi

Book review: <i>Italian Opera Librettos with Precise Word by Word Explanation</i> by Stella Guo Chen and Carlo Alberto Petruzzi

Augmented Reality in Read Aloud: An English Language Interactive Engagement

Currently, Augmented Reality (AR) technology is emerging as a popular means to encourage children to enjoy reading books. AR technology, which creates a virtual element from a real physical environment, increases a sense of connectivity between the real and the virtual world. The Read-Aloud project aimed to spark interest in reading English language storybooks among primary school children by innovating the chosen storybook with embedded AR technology. The book, 'Nyatoh the Friendly Tree,' was selected in support of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal No. 15 on the Sustainability of Life on Land, particularly focusing on issues related to trees and sustainable forests. Primary research through a simple questionnaire was distributed to the students and analysed by the researchers using a statistical percentage table. Oral feedback and interactions were observed and recorded by the researchers. A total of 160 students, with 82 aged 12 and 78 aged 10, from a government primary school in the urban city experienced AR in the read-aloud session. The book was initially read to the students, followed by language activities and hands-on AR experiences using smartphones and physical books. All activities were conducted in smaller groups of five. The AR features 3D models of the main character and side characters, including animals from the rainforest. Comprehension questions in the form of a quiz were generated, and to expand vocabulary, audio explanations of words in animation were created. Feedback was gathered at the end of the session in two categories: (a) interest, engagement, and interaction with the story, and (b) comprehension of the language and story. Students reported positive experiences with AR in both categories and generally found the activity fun, interesting, and enjoyable and were motivated to read. While scores in the comprehension area were lower, they still indicated a positive impact of AR on vocabulary comprehension, contributing to the overall understanding of the story. Interaction with animation also plays a role in supporting the sense-making of non-verbal representation. This project demonstrated that AR holds tremendous appeal in generating interest in reading when it incorporates a modification of physical reality with virtual elements. Exploring the potential of AR in storybooks and read-aloud sessions is valuable, especially considering the benefits of reading on learners' development. The research was still in its early stages, with additional variables to be considered. Longitudinal studies could be conducted for clearer validity and reduction of the novelty effect. This includes identifying individual learning styles in software design, providing training for both teachers and students, and developing appropriate learning activities for AR applications.

Tashmim Mawad Ta'limiyah li Tanmiyah Maharah Al-Kalam bi Jami'ah Dar As-Salam Gontor

This study aims to describe the specifications and efficiency of educational materials for improving the speaking abilities of Language Preparation Program participants at the University of Darussalam Gontor. Research and development were used in the study, and interviews, identification, testing, and written documentation were used as data collection techniques. The research utilized the test-paired t-formula to analyze the data. The results of this research led to the production of instructional materials that include explanations of difficult words and engaging language training, as well as dialogue and conversation tools that are appropriate for their clientele, with added graphics and color. The results of this study also showed that participants' linguistic competency improved after using specified materials, especially in terms of their speech abilities, as shown by the fact that the post-test scores in the enlarged experiment were higher than the pre-test scores. The moral outcome appeared to be 0.005 less than 0.05, showing that the direct hypothesis was plausible while the null and void hypothesis was not, proving the value of the design material.

Environmentally coupled gestures as a communicative resource in the word explanation activity: A multimodal analysis of interaction in social VR

This article contributes to our understanding of how participants use different resources to accomplish word explanations in social virtual reality (VR). The article draws on conversation analysis to examine audio-visual data of interaction on the Rec Room VR platform. A view of the physical space the participants inhabit has also been captured. There are twelve participants, and they have minimal experience with social VR. English is used as a lingua franca. The focus is on participants’ use of environmentally coupled gestures (EnCGs) during word explanation activity. The activity has two or more participants playing a word-guessing game, in which one participant explains a word using drawings and gesture as well as speech. Findings show that EnCGs that feature elements in the environment are more readily interpretable than EnCGs that feature elements over the avatar body. The latter can result in situations in which achieving the goal of a word explanation activity (correct guess) can be difficult. In addition, the explainer’s orientation to their physical body and the recipient’s orientation to the virtual body during the joint word explanation activity can create situations in which the gestures become difficult to interpret for the recipient. To conclude, the observations in this article reveal the importance of the alignment of virtual and physical gestures for the intelligibility of gesture in VR.

Skolēnu rakstu valoda latviešu valodas un vēstures valsts pārbaudes darbos 2021. gadā Kurzemē

The research aims to examine pupils’ text creation skills in the Latvian language and history state examinations (SE). The source of the research is the examination papers of pupils in Kurzeme in the 2021 Latvian language SE (an opinion; 250 words) and history SE (task 3 of part 3 – an essay; 200 words). Examination of the evaluation criteria of both examinations shows that the evaluation criteria of the Latvian language examination pay more attention to the quality of spelling (10 points out of 34 (approx. 30%) can be obtained for orthography and punctuation). The article summarizes the main types of errors in morphology and syntax in both examinations. Several types of errors are distinguished in morphology: unjustified use of macrons or their absence, spelling of consonants, words written incorrectly together and separately, spelling of onyms, and errors in the spelling of verbs and foreign words. A number of syntactic constructions were studied in the pupils’ examination papers – coordinated parts of sentence, coordinated parts of sentence with a generalising word, participial clauses, insertions and explanatory word groups –, as wethe frequency of their use in the pupils’ examination papers and the most frequently detected cases of errors. The use of punctuation marks in the sentence, separating the subordinate clause, has also been studied. A comparison of the two examination papers leads to the conclusion that there are no statistically significant differences in the text creation task in Latvian or history SE in Kurzeme. Spelling and punctuation skills are solid, and the number of errors is equal. As pupils take the examinations, caution is observed in using more complex syntactic constructions. In the analysis, examples from pupils’ examination papers are presented in italics, preserving their style, spelling and punctuation errors.

Pemerolehan Kosakata Anak Bahasa Anak Akibat Pengaruh Video Pemain Gim di Youtube

This research is entitled Acquisition of Children's Vocabulary Due to the Effect of Video Game Players on Youtube for children aged 4-8 in Rabakodo Village, Sarae Village, RT 09 RW 04 Kec. Wow, Kab. Bima, NTB. which aims to find out how to acquire children's vocabulary and the process of how they master it and to describe the application of Chomsky's genetic theory of cognitivism in acquiring children's vocabulary due to the influence of video game players on Youtube. This research is an interesting problem phenomenon for researchers in the field of psycholinguistics, this is an issue that is very impressive and difficult to prove. This research is included in the type of qualitative descriptive research. The method of data collection is done by the method of observing. The method of data analysis in this study used the matching method and the distributional method. In this study, the presentation of the results of data analysis used was informal. The analysis is carried out with a description of the explanation in simple words that are easy to understand and still use technical terminology. The results of this study are children aged 4-8 years have acquired nouns (mobile phone, monster, weapon, etc.), verbs (hit, play, dead, etc.), and adjectives (strong, crazy, far, etc.) quite well. The application of Chomsky's genetic theory of cognitivism in the acquisition of children's language vocabulary affected by video game players on YouTube distinguishes (language skills), performance (implementation or language processing), and language creativity in language acquisition.

The Role of Text Structure in Reading Comprehension

Lack of understanding of the text structure is the major problem in English reading teaching in junior high school and senior high school at present. High school English teaching is not only for the college entrance examination, but also to cultivate students' ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Because traditional teaching focuses on the interpretation and grammar of words. Teachers help students understand the text by explaining the text word for word, combing the language points and grammatical phenomena of the text, and practicing the words and phrases repeatedly, traditional teaching focuses on the explanation of words and syntax, there is lack of macro-processing of chapters in reading teaching, which restricts students’ reading comprehension level. Text structure, as an important internal feature of the text, plays a positive role in improving the correctness and efficiency of reading comprehension. Adopting correct reading teaching strategies and imparting text structure knowledge can greatly improve the efficiency of reading teaching in the long run.

Dialog chatbot as an interactive online tool in enhancing ESP vocabulary learning

PurposeBased on an experimental study on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) students, at the Business Department at the University of Bisha, the purpose of the study is to examine the effect of chatbot use on learning ESP in online classrooms during COVID-19 and find out how Dialogflow chabot can be a useful and interactive online platform to help ESP learners in learning vocabulary well.Design/methodology/approachThe research paper is based on an experimental study of two groups, an experiential group and a controlled group. Two tests were carried out. Pre-tests and post-test of vocabulary knowledge were conducted for both groups to explore the usefulness of using the Dialogflow chatbot in learning ESP vocabulary. A designed chatbot content was prepared and included all the vocabulary details related to words' synonyms and a brief explanation of words’ meanings. An informal interview is another tool used in the study. The purpose of using the interview with the participants was to elicit more data from the participants about using the chatbot and about how and in what aspects chatbot using the conversational program was useful and productive.FindingsThe findings of the study explored that the use of chatbots plays a major role in enhancing and learning ESP vocabulary. That was clear as the results showed that the students who used the chatbot Dialogflow in the experimental group outperformed their counterparts in the control group.Research limitations/implicationsThe study displays an important pedagogical implication as the use of chatbots could be applied in several settings to improve language learning in general or learning ESP courses in particular. Chatbot creates an interesting environment to foster build good interactions where negotiation of meaning takes place clearly seems to be of great benefit to help learners advance in their L2 lexical development.Originality/valueExamining and exploring whether the use of chatbots plays a major role in enhancing and learning ESP vocabulary in English as Foreign Language setting.

Using multimodal educational apps to increase the vocabulary of children with and without reading difficulties

This study examined the effects of a multimodal vocabulary instruction app on vocabulary learning of first-grade students. The effects of listening to a recorded word explanation was also explored Employing a within-subject design, 69 students practiced 10 novel words on a multimodal vocabulary iPad app. Their performances were compared to another ten words with recorded word explanation and to ten unexplained control words. As a whole group, students learned more word meanings when the additional activity of listening to the recorded word explanation was preceded than when students practiced the new words solely on the vocabulary app. When the students were divided into less-skilled and more-skilled readers, unlike the less-skilled readers who mimicked the whole group’s learning pattern, more-skilled readers learned significantly more word meanings only when students listened to the recorded word meanings and practiced these words on the vocabulary app. This research suggests that regardless of the present reading levels, young readers may benefit the most when a vocabulary app is frontloaded with target word explanations. This study contributes to our understanding of how multimodal app technology can benefit students’ vocabulary learning with varied reading abilities.

Research on Exploring and Integrating Ideological-Political Elements in College Public English Textbooks

As a public compulsory course for Non-English majors in colleges and universities, College Public English should not only develop students&amp;rsquo; language and cross-cultural communication skills, but also cultivate their correct outlook on life, values, world and native land emotion, which is consistent with the ideological-political goals of the course. English textbook is the guarantee for the smooth progress of English teaching, and more importantly, it is an important carrier to practice Chinese teaching ideas. This paper mainly focuses on how to integrate ideological-political elements into English teaching from textbook perspective. It discusses the measures of integrating ideological-political education into College English courses from four aspects: teaching objectives, unit themes, and knowledge points, grammatical structure and word explanation. It is finally pointed out that exploring and integrating ideological-political elements in textbooks is the key link to realize ideological-political education in College Public English courses.

ПСИХОЛІНГВІСТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ОМОНІМІЇ

This article is devoted to an experimental study of assimilation, storage and functioning features of homonyms in the Ukrainian speaker’s lexicon. One of the effective methods of researching homonymy is an unbound nonrestrictive associative experiment which allows to deepen the knowledge about the assimilation, interpretation, compatibility, functionality and use, including false ones, of homonyms in speech. The main object of analysis was the speakers’ associative reactions to homonymous stimuli obtained during a unbound associative experiment. The content and structure of the associative meaning of lexical homonyms, the types of verbal associative connections of stimuli-homonyms and words-reactions are studied. The analysis outcome of the obtained associative reactions establishes that the number and nature of associative reactions are determined by the degree of relevance of homonymous stimuli for informants. Homonymous stimuli evoke more paradigmatic associative reactions than syntagmatic ones in informants for whom this language is native. There have been identified the factors affecting the actualization (manifestation in the informants’ reactions) of a certain component of the homonymous group. The informant’s age and knowledge of different languages significantly influence the association process. The most frequent were attributive reactions caused by characteristic features of the object such as quality, property, function, significant detail for the speaker, etc., and situational ones where reactions associated with a certain situation or its component. Subjective-definitive reactions containing an explanation of the stimulus word, were also numerous. The strategies of associating homonymous stimuli caused by the influence of age, gender and other informants’ characteristics are analyzed. Due to experimental studies, the homonymy phenomenon receives a more extended interpretation than presented in lexicographic sources.

ANALISIS JEDA WAKTU TERJADINYA SERANGAN ATAU ANCAMAN TERHADAP PEMBELAAN TERPAKSA

KUHP does not only regulate non-prohibited rules that are criminal in nature or violations. but also fully regulates legal protection. as is the case in limited or noodweer cleavage. The limited defense itself is still divided into an extraordinary limited defense or noodweer excess. The problem is that there is a time lag that needs to be explained further because in general the time lag is only said to be instantaneous when a threat or attack occurs. and the lack of explanation of the instantaneous word itself. The approach used in this research is the statutory approach and the conceptual approach, the case approach of this normative research. With such a methodological approach, the time lag for the forced defense can be explained in detail.&#x0D; Keywords : KUHP; Limited Defense; Noodweer; Noodweer excess

The Academic Trend of Kim, Jeong-hee’s Silsagusisheol(實事求是說) through the Comparison with Weng, Fang-gang

김정희가 살았던 19세기의 청나라는 고증학이 전성기에 처해 있던 시점이었다. 김정희는 청나라를 방문하고 당시 유명한 학자였던 옹방강(翁方綱), 완원(阮元)과 사승관계를 맺었고, 청대의 학술성과를 적극적으로 수용하였다. <실사구시설(實事求是說)>은 김정희의 학문적 경향을 보여주는 중요한 작품으로, 지금까지 많은 연구가 이루어졌으나 청대 학술과의 영향 관계가 제대로 구명되지 않았다는 아쉬움이 있다. 특히 김정희의 경학 연구를 직접적으로 지도한 옹방강이 청대 고증학에서 어느 정도 지점에 있었던 사람인지, 김정희의 학문이 당시의 조선 학문 및 청나라의 학문과 어떤 면에서 계승관계 혹은 영향관계에 놓여 있는지에 대해서는 선행연구에서 아직 깊이 있게 논의되지는 않은 것으로 생각된다. 본고에서는 이런 문제의식을 가지고 김정희의 고증학 경향을 보여주는 글로 평가되는 <실사구시설>을 중심으로 고증학에 대한 김정희의 관점을 옹방강과의 비교 및 청대 학술과의 관련성 속에서 살펴보았다. 옹방강은 청대 고증학이 전성기에 처한 시기에 생활하였던 사람으로, 고증학의 영향을 깊이 받기는 하였지만 청대 학술에서 그의 위치는 고증학 학자가 아니라 이학자이며, 고증학을 의리지학을 밝히기 위한 수단으로 보는 입장에서 고증학의 대표적인 학자들을 비판하고 배격하는 모습을 보였다. 김정희는 고증학의 연구 성과를 적극적으로 수용하려는 태도를 보였지만, 훈고와 의리에 대한 그의 태도는 기본적으로 옹방강과 다르지 않다. 그의 <실사구시설>은 훈고를 중시하되 그것은 의리를 밝히기 위한 방편에 불과하다는 입장을 드러낸 글이다. 또한 사승과 가학을 강조하면서 경전과 한대 학자인 정현(鄭玄)의 주석의 정통적 지위를 수호하려는 태도는 진정한 실사구시적 태도라고 보기 어려우며, 고증학보다는 성리학에 치우치는 경향을 보여준다.The Qing Dynasty of the 19th century, where Kim, Jeong-hee, lived, was at the height of textual criticism. Kim, Jeong-hee, visited the Qing Dynasty and established a private relationship with Weng, Fang-gang(翁方綱) and Ruan, Yuan(阮元), who were famous scholars at the time, and actively accepted the academic achievements of the Qing Dynasty. Silsagusisheol(實事求是說) is an important work that shows Kim, Jeong-hee’s academic tendency, and many studies have been conducted so far, but it is regrettable that the influence relationship with Qing Dynasty scholarship has not been properly investigated. In particular, it is thought that previous studies have not yet discussed in depth how Weng, fang-gang, who directly guided Kim Jeong-hee’s study, was a person in Qing Dynasty textual criticism, and in what ways Kim Jeong-hee’s studies lie in succession or influence with Joseon studies and Qing studies at the time. With this awareness of the problem, this paper examined Kim, Jeong-hee’s perspective on historical studies in comparison with Weng, Fang-gang and its relevance to Qingdai Studies, focusing on the Silsagusisheol, which is evaluated as an article that shows Kim, Jeong-hee’s tendency to historical studies. Weng, Fang-gang was a person who lived in the heyday of Qing Dynasty textual criticism, and although he was deeply influenced by it, his position in Qing Dynasty academia was not a historical scholar, but a Neo-Confucianism scholar, and he criticized and rejected representative scholars of textual criticism. Kim, Jeong-hee, showed an attitude to actively accept the research results of textual criticism, but his attitude toward explanations of words in ancient books and loyalty is basically no different from Weng, Fang-gang. His Silsagusisheol is an article that emphasizes explanations of words in ancient books, but reveals that it is only a way to express loyalty. In addition, it is difficult to say that the attitude of presiding over the orthodox status of Confucian classics and oriental scholar Zheng, Xuan(鄭玄) while emphasizing Neo-Confucianism is a true practical attitude, and it tends to be biased toward Neo-Confucianism rather than textual criticism.

The Role of Glosses in L2 Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition in Reading

Incidental vocabulary acquisition is the primary way for second language learners to acquire vocabulary knowledge and adding glosses has been proven a great contributor to this process. Generally speaking, glosses refer to the translation equivalent words, L2 synonyms or brief L2 explanations of target words. This paper reviewed studies on the role of glosses in L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition in reading in terms of gloss languages, gloss types, gloss locations and gloss modalities. Findings indicate that 1) adding glosses is conducive to vocabulary acquisition; 2) effects of gloss languages are mediated by learners' L2 proficiency; 3) multiple-choice glosses are better than single-translation glosses; 4) multi-modal glosses are better than single-modal glosses. These findings support the Revised Hierarchical Model, the Involvement Load Hypothesis and the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning. Future research should focus more on the measurement of productive knowledge, the measurement of the depth of vocabulary knowledge, the measurement standard of second language proficiency and the vocabulary learning process in reading.

FORMATION OF STRATEGIC COMPETENCES OF STUDENTS IN GERMAN AS A SECOND FOREIGN LANGUAGE

The article examines characteristic features of teaching strategic competence as a way to reduce the number of communicative failures. Strategic competence is one of the components of communicative competence and is defined as a set of verbal and non-verbal communication strategies that serve to compensate for gaps in communication. It involves planning further speech actions, including the ability to self-correct. The object of the study is the process of teaching foreign language strategic competence to students of primary courses. The subject of the research is the content, means, methods of forming communicative strategies of word use. The purpose of the study is to identify and select the most appropriate strategies of word use for educational purposes, as well as to develop a method of organizing the teaching of strategic competence in the initial courses of language faculties. The realization of this goal involves solving the following tasks: to determine the place and role of strategic competence in the structure of communication and to describe different approaches to its consideration; to analyze the peculiarities of the formation of foreign language strategic competence among elementary school students studying German as a second foreign language; to conduct experimental training in order to determine the dependence of the quantity and quality of communicative strategies on the organization of training; to develop a method of forming communicative strategies of word use and to reveal its effectiveness. Different types of communicative strategies are divided into reductive strategies (avoidance of the topic, avoidance of conveying the intended content), achievement strategies (compensatory strategies, switching to another code, verbatim retelling, replacement, paraphrase, explanation in other words, word creation, restructuring, direct or indirect question about help) and correction strategies (waiting, using the semantic field). After analyzing of the use dynamics of strategies by the students of the control and experimental groups, we found that the number of positive achievement strategies began to increase as students learned to use strategies. At the same time, the number of used reductive strategies decreased and reached minimum values in the last classes. The total number of used strategies first began to increase, then slightly decreased and stabilized at an average level (26.8 units), while the use of reductive strategies significantly decreased to minimum values, which is the result of teaching students the methodology of strategic competence and their application of strategies in practice when answering in lessons.

Peranan Sales Promotion dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Tingkat Hunian Wisata Dimandailing Natal

The Mandailiing Natal Regency Tourism Office carries out tourism promotion by maximizing and rationalizing its promotional activities in order to attract many tourists, both domestic, domestic and foreign tourists. Advertising is one of the key factors for the success of a marketing program, so promotional activities are very important to increase the number of tourists. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. According to Moleong (2010:6), qualitative research aims to provide a thorough understanding of the phenomena experienced by research subjects, such as behavior, perceptions, motives, and behavior, through the explanation of words and language. made. Special context that is natural and has a variety of natural ways The media in tourism marketing has an important role in conveying messages to the target. Promotion is carried out with the help of the District Tourism Office. Mandailing Natal is by utilizing the use of social media such as Instagram, Facebook, Website, and Youtube. Our social media call is Instagram. The use of social media in selling tourist attractions in Mandailing Natal, because through social media, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter can attract domestic and foreign tourists to go to Medina, because most of the earth's population lives.