Index Words Research Articles

The role of innovation in healthcare management for long-term progress: a systematic review

Background: The crucial role of innovation in healthcare management today as a driving force for long-term progress is more important than ever. Effective healthcare management is pivotal in achieving optimal health outcomes and operational excellence. Innovation in healthcare management refers to the implementation of contemporary or signif¬icantly improved methods, practices, or technologies that lead to better health outcomes, greater efficiency, and ame¬liorated patient experiences. Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to identify and analyze innovative practices in healthcare management that contribute to long-term progress. Methodology: An electronic search was conducted and databases included PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, so as to examine the relevant material between January 2024 and May 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were implemented. “Healthcare, management, innova¬tion, AI, progress, long-term” was the combination of indexing words that was used. Results: Based on the undertaken search, a total of ten studies met the eligibility criteria as for the specific systematic review. Regarding the analysis of these ten studies, two were cross-sectional studies, two were qualitative studies, one was a qualitative interview study, one was a qualitative research through face-to-face survey, one was a quantitative study, one was a descriptive survey design, one was a study based on longitudinal data, and one was a study employing a multimethod qualitative approach. Conclusion: The role of innovation in healthcare management for long-term progress is pretty valuable. By offering solid leadership, a supportive culture, and a patient-centered approach, managers can promote innovation in healthcare organizations effectively and sustainably. Hence, there could be better patient outcomes and more moti¬vated and engaged employees as a result of the effective implementation of innovation in healthcare management.

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on occupational satisfaction, work-related stress of nursing personnel and quality of patient care

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated adversities associated with the working conditions of healthcare professionals, contributing to the deterioration of their physical and mental health, particularly as a result of work overload and daily stressors such as long working hours, low pay, lack of professional recognition, and high risk of infection. Purpose: The investigation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, on occupational satisfaction, on work-related stress and in the quality of care of the nursing staff. Material and Method: Articles were searched in the electronic databases Medline, PubMed central, and Google Scholar. In Medline databases, PubMed central, Google Scholar, the combination of indexing words was used: “oc¬cupational satisfaction, nurses, quality of patient care, Covid -19 pandemic”, while in the PubMed database the ad¬vanced search option was used and the key words: "work-related stress, nurses, quality of care, Covid -19 pandemic". Results: From the literature search, ten (10) studies met the inclusion criteria of the review. Upon analysis of these ten (10) studies, six (6) found an impact on occupational satisfaction affecting the quality of care, and four (4) studies identified a relationship between work-related stress and quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion - Conclusions: The collection of data and their analysis demonstrated that the healthcare system was severely tested during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors influencing the occupational satisfaction and work-related stress of nurses, as well as patient care quality, include the increase in patient numbers, workload and working con¬ditions, prolonged work hours, and shortages of staff and resources. Healthcare professionals endeavoured to cope with challenging work conditions, aiming ultimately to provide the best possible care to patients.

Soil legacy data: An opportunity for digital soil mapping

ABSTRACT Soil legacy data is past information on soils available from various sources (e.g. survey reports and maps). When compiled and organized, data obtained through historical retrieval can be used as basic input or validation data for digital soil mapping. A bibliometric analysis of this topic can reveal research patterns, evolution, and scientific contribution, thus mapping the science produced in a specific period and determining the trend in research topics based on search terms. This article presents the characterization of international scientific production on soil legacy data using a set of bibliometric indicators. The study was developed with the bibliometric analysis of scientific articles indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus data platforms regarding the use of soil legacy data published online from 1979 to 2022. The following were extracted from the articles: authors and co-authors, year and country of publication, index words used, and abstracts, which were submitted to bibliometric analysis in R. Bibliometric analysis revealed publication of 242 scientific articles in 117 journals involving 1223 authors throughout the world in the last 43 years, with an average frequency of 12.66 citations per article. Australia (10.33 %), the USA (8.68 %), and Brazil (7.85 %) were the countries with the greatest scientific contributions. The most cited studies refer to databases, demonstrating the ease of access to information contributes significantly to new local studies. Due to pedometrics importance for soil science, there is constant revision to available legacy data for new hypotheses and research in soil science. And also, for the monitoring of soil attributes for the conservation and preservation of natural resources.

Sentiment Analysis - An optimized Weighted Horizontal Ensemble approach

Sentiment Analysis has gained authority as one of the primary means of analyzing feedbacks and opinion by individuals, organizations and governments. The result of sentiment analysis informs an organization on areas to improve and how best to manage customers. While sentiment analysis may be misleading as no algorithm has been considered 100% efficient, the choice of algorithms can optimize the result based on the dataset in question. This paper aims at studying various algorithms and implementing a weighted horizontal ensemble algorithm as a panacea to low confidence level in the results of sentiment analysis. We designed a system that implements the original Naive Bayes algorithm, Multinomial Naïve Bayes algorithm, Bernoulli Native Bayes algorithm, Logistic Regression algorithm, Linear Support Vector Classifier algorithm and the Stochastic Gradient Descent algorithm. Our dataset was sourced from the Stanford University. It contains fifty thousand (50,000) movie reviews. Dataset from the Nigerian movie review was used to test the models. The reviews were encoded as a sequence of word indices. An accuracy of over 91% was achieved. The Ensemble technique delivered an F1-measure of 90%. Ensemble technique provides a more reliable confidence level on sentiment analysis. The researchers also discovered that change in writing style can affect the performance of sentiment analysis

The evolutionary dynamics of how languages signal who does what to whom

Languages vary in how they signal “who does what to whom”. Three main strategies to indicate the participant roles of “who” and “whom” are case, verbal indexing, and rigid word order. Languages that disambiguate these roles with case tend to have either verb-final or flexible word order. Most previous studies that found these patterns used limited language samples and overlooked the causal mechanisms that could jointly explain the association between all three features. Here we analyze grammatical data from a Grambank sample of 1705 languages with phylogenetic causal graph methods. Our results corroborate the claims that verb-final word order generally gives rise to case and, strikingly, establish that case tends to lead to the development of flexible word order. The combination of novel statistical methods and the Grambank database provides a model for the rigorous testing of causal claims about the factors that shape patterns of linguistic diversity.

Performance evaluation of Latent Dirichlet Allocation on legal documents

Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is an algorithm with the capability of processing large amount of text data. In this study, the LDA is used to produce topic modelling of topic clusters from corpus of legal texts generated under 4 topics within Nigeria context Employment Contract, Election Petition, Deeds, and Articles of Incorporation. Each topic has a substantial number of articles and the LDA method proves effective in extracting topics and generating index words that are in each topic cluster. At the end of experimentation, results are compared with manually pre-annotated dataset for validation purpose and the results show high accuracy. The LDA output shows optimal performance in the word indexing processing for Election Petition as all the documents annotated under the topic were accurately classified.

A LITERATURE REVIEW: THE IMPORTANCE OF TERM NORMALIZATION IN VECTOR SPACE MODEL

In today's digitally inundated era, accessing information is more accessible yet challenging due to the sheer volume available. This article underscores the pivotal role of VSM in managing vast data and enhancing retrieval accuracy by ranking documents based on query similarity. Term normalization, a part of VSM development, standardizes words for indexing, improving accuracy by addressing word variations. The study's methodology involved a systematic literature review, data collection via electronic databases, and thematic analysis. The research findings highlight vital aspects: the fundamentals of information retrieval systems, the working principle of VSM in document sorting, and the process of term normalization. Various methods within term normalization, such as tokenizing, filtering, stemming, and term weighting (e.g., TF, IDF, Cosine Similarity), are elucidated for refining document relevance. Discussions underscore the impact of term normalization on information retrieval, emphasizing heightened accuracy, efficiency, and reduced error rates. In the research paper, five studies that showcased successful applications of VSM across diverse domains were referenced. These domains included karaoke song searches, thesis examiner selection, pest identification in rice plants, hadith interpretation, and library material searches. Each study demonstrated the effectiveness and versatility of VSM in solving various problems in different fields. In conclusion, VSM emerges as a potent tool in managing information overload, particularly when coupled with normalization techniques. The studies reviewed illustrate VSM's efficacy in delivering precise results, affirming its status as a preferred method in information retrieval systems due to its accuracy and effectiveness.

Computing the index of non-isometric k-ary words with Hamming and Lee distance

Isometric words are those words whose occurrence as a factor in a transformation of a word u in a word v can be avoided, while preserving the minimal length of the transformation. Such minimal length refers to a distance between u and v. In the literature, isometric words have been considered with respect to the Hamming distance and the Lee distance; the former especially for binary words, while the latter for k-ary words, with k ⩾ 2. Ham- and Lee- isometric words have been characterized in terms of their overlaps with errors. In this paper, we give algorithms to decide whether a word f, of length n, is Ham- or Lee-isometric and provide evidence of the possible non-isometricity by returning a pair of words of minimal length whose transformation cannot avoid the factor f. Such a pair of words is called a pair of witnesses and the minimal length of the witnesses is called the index of f. The algorithms run in O ( n ) time with a preprocessing of O ( n ) time and space to construct a data structure that allows answering LCA queries on the suffix tree of f in constant time. The correctness of the algorithms lies on some theoretical results on the index and the witnesses of a word that are here presented. The investigation on the index is completed by the characterization of words with minimum/maximum index. All the results are shown referring to both Hamming and Lee distance.

Dostoevsky’s Favourite Discursive Words: Possibilities of Lexicographic Description

This article discusses the possibility of creating a dictionary of Dostoevsky’s discursive words. Discursive words are non-semantic lexical units whose function is to ensure the coherence of the text and to regulate the process of dialogue between the speaker and the listener. Dostoevsky’s texts are saturated with such lexical units, and there is no doubt that this is one of the features of the author’s style. The methodological basis of the research is the concept of the Dictionary of Dostoevsky’s Language. Idioglossary proposed by Yury N. Karaulov and Efim L. Ginzburg. The lexicographic representation of discursive words requires the introduction of additional parameters into the dictionary entry, e.g. taking into account the type of speech in which these units are used. Other lexicographic parameters of the idioglossary require significant transformation, especially the nature of the definition, in which presuppositions and possible reflexive contexts should be taken into account when describing the functions of discursive words. Excerpts from Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment from the 30-volume edition of the writer’s complete works are used as material. The article proposes the structure of the dictionary entry of the dictionary of Dostoevsky’s discursive words in the most general form, reflecting the features of the author’s linguistic personality. The dictionary entry includes the frequency distribution of the described word by genre; definition; illustrations, i.e. contexts of the described word usage; word index; textual associations; hypotaxis and parataxis; wordplay; usage in an ironic context; usage as part of someone else’s speech.

1724 m. rugpjūčio 9 d. įsakas dėl tvorų ir jo vertėjas Christophoras Heinrichas Wegneris

During the preparation of the publications of the edicts of the Prussian authorities for the website of the Database of Old Lithuanian Writings of the Lithuanian Language Institute, the only currently known copy of the Prussian government’s edict forbidding the burning of fences in winter, issued by the Prussian authorities on 9 August, 1724, was discovered in the Library of the University of Leipzig (UBL : 01E-2015-25). Two copies of the German edict from which it was translated were found in the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (LMAVB : E-343). Up until now, the 1878 transcript of the Lithuanian edict, prepared and published by Hugo Weber on the basis of a copy owned by August Leskien and lost during World War II , has been used. The supplement to the article presents transcripts and photographs of the edicts and a word index. Documents from the Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation in Berlin show that Christophor Heinrich Wegner (1685–1731), a priest of the Lithuanian church in Königsberg, worked as a translator of the edicts into Lithuanian between 1721 and 1731. A comparison of the language and orthography of the published edict with other edicts of the early eighteenth century revealed features common to all texts of Lithuania Minor and specific only to the period of Wegner’s translation work. The linguistic elements of this edict that are typical of the edicts printed during Wegner’s translation period are the adverb ik čiolei ‘until now’. The preposition with [č] <cz> occurs only in the edicts attributed to Wegner. The conjunction ydant ‘so that’ written with <y> is found in other texts, albeit rarely, and the genitive forms menesės ‘of the month’, rugpjutės ‘of August’ are also the most abundant in Wegner’s translation period. According to the currently available data, the chronological distribution of the Germanised Slavism štonas ‘state, condition’ is limited to the years 1721–1723.

Perseverations and switching during a verbal fluency task

AbstractBackgroundPerseverations during a verbal fluency task can be immediate or delayed. There is a general agreement that delayed perseveration may occur due to impaired working memory (WM). However, experiments to establish this have been complex and time consuming. It is also not known if perseverations are caused by similar mechanisms of impairment in WM in healthy controls and in the cognitively impaired. On a semantic fluency task, switching between subcategories produces an automatic self‐generated interference. Impairment in WM capacity may lead to perseveration when switchback to a previous subcategory occurs. The number of switches preceding this switchback may also be considered to extend the WM load and result in perseveration. We hypothesize that individuals with WM impairment (aMCI and AD) are likely to perseverate only after few initial switches. In contrast, a healthy control (HC), with a relatively intact WM, may have fewer perseverations for similar number of switches and may be able to sustain more switches quantitatively.ObjectiveTo study how clusters and switches during verbal fluency tasks can help understand WM contributions to perseveration in patients with cognitive impairment as opposed to cognitively normal controls.MethodWe studied three groups, aMCI (n = 30), AD (n = 30) and HC (n = 60) based on their performance on a semantic fluency task along with tests of executive function. Our primary analysis, focussed on number of switches in between subcategories of index word and first perseverative error. Additionally, average word distance between the two was analysed. Finally, relationship between perseveration, switching and switch back was also studied.ResultsForty‐eight percent of perseverative errors occurred after the third switch for individuals with cognitive decline. In contrast, thirty‐five percent of cognitively healthy perseverated after three switches and forty‐three percent after five. Further, perseverations in HC group, were found to be more attributable to longer subcategory lists exceeding the normal word list span, even within the same cluster. Finally, at a given distance between index word and perseveration, cognitively impaired performed hierarchically worse than HC.ConclusionThese findings suggest that switching across subcategories creates self‐generated interference which further amplifies working memory impairment among the cognitively impaired.

Index of Words in Hebrew and Other Ancient Languages

Index of Words in Hebrew and Other Ancient Languages

Law Commission and section 69 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984

In 2000 section 69 of the Police and Criminal Act 1984 was repealed. The result was that a common law presumption came into effect that computer evidence was considered reliable unless there was evidence to the contrary. The Law Commission had recommended repeal of section 69 without any replacement. This article demonstrates that the Law Commission either misunderstood, or misrepresented, the sources it cited to justify its recommendation that computer evidence should be considered reliable. Two of the three main experts whose work was cited have confirmed that they were misrepresented. The recommendation and the resulting presumption therefore lack any factual or evidential basis.
 Index words: Law Commission; England & Wales; Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984; section 69; repeal; presumption computers are reliable; misunderstood; misrepresented

Independent Review, Miscarriages of Justice, and Computer Evidence

Brian Altman KC reviewed unreliable expert evidence on the Horizon software system. The Post Office denied, including to Parliament, that there was any evidence of miscarriages of justice revealed before the Court of Appeal in 2021. In his review, Brian Altman KC indicated the prosecutions was fundamentally sound; this paper looks at the quality of the judgments arrived at to come to that conclusion. 
 Index words: Altman General review; Post Office Limited; Horizon IT system; unreliable evidence; Clarke Advice; Swift Review; Bates litigation; Hamilton appeals

Electronic title certificate as legal evidence

This paper analyzes the increasing use of electronic title certificates in the land administration system. On 12 January 2021, the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency issued Regulation No. 1 of 2021 on Electronic Certificate. This Regulation marks a turning point in the reformation of the system of land governance and security of tenure in Indonesia. By streamlining the land registration and dispute-resolution procedures, the use of the digital land title could increase the legal certainty of the Indonesian system of land tenure. It is possible that the digital certificate might transform the present method of a negative publication system with positive elements – the present mechanism for demonstrating ownership of land rights – into a positive publication system.
 Index words: Indonesia, electronic title certificate, land tenure, land registration system, systems theory, girik rights, garapan rights

Involving LLMs in legal processes is risky

The availability of large language models (LLM), a form of AI correspondence agent, on the Internet raises questions about their possible use in legal processes. For they seem often to introduce into their output arbitrary assertions which are untrue. This is ‘new’ behaviour (a Google search, for example, returns correct information on a semantically similar query). I give examples in which use of an LLM is both tempting and could subvert a legal process. 
 Index words: large language model; LLM; artificial intelligence; AI; ChatGPT; law; legal processes; lying; r-lying

Multiple Interpretation and Fragmented Texts Within a Historical Corpus: The Case of Old East Slavic Vernacular Writing

Abstract The paper presents the issue of fragmented and/or ambiguously interpreted texts within the corpora of Old East Slavic vernacular writing. One of these corpora, the corpus of the Old East Slavic birchbark letters, is already available, the other, comprising the texts of Old East Slavic inscriptions, is under preparation. Due to the fragmentary state of many birchbark and epigraphy texts, their lemmatization and grammatical tagging may be uncertain and multiple interpretations may coexist. Some lemmas survive only in fragments which are nevertheless relevant for the study of lexicon. The grammatical status of many fragments may be firmly established despite lacking lexical information. However the relevant data on these fragments is not available in the word indices and corpora that take into consideration only best-preserved word forms. In the paper, the representation and annotation of such word forms within the Old East Slavic vernacular corpora is presented, and relative frequencies of such phenomena within the birchbark letter corpus are shown, with some case studies showing the relevance of the annotation of fragmented forms. The existing approaches, namely for the classical epigraphy within the EpiDoc standard and in the Hittite syntactic treebanks, are also briefly presented and compared to the solution found within the Old East Slavic vernacular corpora.

Electronic evidence in arbitration proceedings

This paper addresses electronic evidence focusing on arbitration rules of the leading ADR providers. It also narrows the topic to an empirical assessment using six categories of electronic evidence in a sample of 92 arbitration proceedings. The paper aims to offer the concept of electronic evidence in international arbitration, its admissibility and relevance criteria, and reach conclusions from an empirical analysis of a large sample of arbitration proceedings gathered from the Centro Brasileiro de Mediação e Arbitragem (Brazilian Center for Mediation and Arbitration). We conclude that electronic evidence is regularly used in arbitration and is relevant to the arbitrators’ reasoning. We propose a revision on the 2016 Draft Convention on Electronic Evidence to include arbitration.
 Index words: alternative dispute resolution; arbitration; electronic evidence; admissibility; relevance; weight; empirical analysis

A comparative study of abstraction and informational density in higher and lower Indonesian graduate students' L2 English academic texts

AbstractThe language features of the second language (L2) English academic texts written by Indonesian graduate students enrolled in Hungarian higher education are employed in the present study. The study focuses on the level of abstraction and informational density in student assignments in particular. Seven high-stakes essays were collected from seven Indonesian graduate students registered in the faculty of Social Sciences at three different Hungarian universities. Coh-Metrix, a corpus-based computational tool, was used in this study to examine indices of content words and abstraction. As for the comparison between higher and lower proficiency level students, parametric statistics were used to conduct a quantitative analysis of the selected linguistic features, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and concreteness and abstraction. The results show that C1 English proficiency level students outnumber B2 students in terms of informational density. Their texts are more abstract than those of B2 students.

Fimpera: drastic improvement of Approximate Membership Query data-structures with counts.

High throughput sequencing technologies generate massive amounts of biological sequence datasets as costs fall. One of the current algorithmic challenges for exploiting these data on a global scale consists in providing efficient query engines on these petabyte-scale datasets. Most methods indexing those datasets rely on indexing words of fixed length k, called k-mers. Many applications, such as metagenomics, require the abundance of indexed k-mers as well as their simple presence or absence, but no method scales up to petabyte-scaled datasets. This deficiency is primarily because storing abundance requires explicit storage of the k-mers in order to associate them with their counts. Using counting Approximate Membership Queries (cAMQ) data structures, such as counting Bloom filters, provides a way to index large amounts of k-mers with their abundance, but at the expense of a sensible false positive rate. We propose a novel algorithm, called fimpera, that enables the improvement of any cAMQ performance. Applied to counting Bloom filters, our proposed algorithm reduces the false positive rate by two orders of magnitude and it improves the precision of the reported abundances. Alternatively, fimpera allows for the reduction of the size of a counting Bloom filter by two orders of magnitude while maintaining the same precision. fimpera does not introduce any memory overhead and may even reduces the query time. https://github.com/lrobidou/fimpera. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.