Wooden Horse Research Articles

The ‘Wooden Horse’ Tale of Shirak as a Variation of ATU 575

The purpose of this article is to clarify the place and role of the ‘Wooden Horse’ tale of the Armenian Shirak region in the tale-type ATU 575 (‘The Prince’s Wings’). The early Eastern versions of such fairy tales and their possible penetrations into the West are examined. Being a trade link between the East and the West since early times, Armenia supplemented its oral tradition with stories from the East and played an indirect role in the transmission of similar stories. The plot of the Shirak tale recorded in the twentieth century shows original developments and features that are absent in similar tales from other regions of Armenia, neighbouring countries, and other peoples. This study reveals the correlations of the Shirak version with similar international tales. The use of historical-comparative and borrowing methods made it possible to comprehensively present Shirak’s ‘Wooden Horse’ tale in the context of ATU 575.

Crown Shyness

Crown Shyness A. E. Stallings (bio) The ancient epics do not overlap.Hector dies. Achilles is a ghost.The wooden horse is backstory at most,Or hasn't happened yet. A witch's trapTurns men to swine. A living river burns.A dog lies pining on a heap of dung.A woman waits, and is no longer young.A ransom's paid. A wanderer returns. So great trees grow, they tell us, putting downA map of roots that chart the underworldAs deep as topmost leaves reach up, unfurledInto the blue sublime, and side by side,Though deep and tall, they only grow so wide,And hold aloof, not touching at the crown. [End Page 352] ________ They hold aloof, not touching at the crown.Walking between their columns, look aboveTo see how sky's a river delta ofBlue leaking through, as puzzled light sifts down.How do they know—how do they sense the touch?We call it shyness. Is it courtesy,An antique courtliness of tree to tree,That somehow knows the border of too much? When Priam in his laden wagon cameUnder the veil of night to meet his foe,And buy the body of his son, laid low,Achilles drew back from his savage brinkTo courtesy, and said, "We are the same:Though princes, we are mortals. Eat. Drink." ________ "Though princes, we are mortals. Eat. Drink."So all that bloodshed ends, in a shared feast,Stories, tears. Dawn kindles in the East,The westering stars go ashen as they sink.As neutral birds erupt in morning choirs,Mules shake their ears, their hides atwitch with flies.There's nothing for the living but to riseAnd to prepare the wood for funeral pyres. The forest groans and braces for the axe:So many trees it takes to burn a man! [End Page 353] Nine days they gather wood from every side.Between the trees, there open up dirt tracksFor mules and sledges. Now the thwacks elideIn rhythms that no bard has ever scanned. ________ In rhythms that no bard has ever scanned,The timber falls. It's timber when it fallsAnd crashes into silence with its callsOf birdsong and its rustling sarabande,A library of turning leaves; its ringsA record of the years no needle traces,Shade the annihilating sun erases,Torn from the catalogue of living things. (It started with the catalogue of ships:Whole forests felled for keels, masts, spars, oars, hullsMade black and waterproof with tar and pitch.The sight of the armada stirred the pulseOf men more than the hair, the skin, the lipsOf beauty's queen men later called a bitch.) ________ The beauty queen men later called a bitch(She called herself that sometimes) stood aloftUpon the ramparts, while the old men coughedAnd young men died, and thought how it was rich—No wedding could go off without a hitch!— [End Page 354] Men blamed her for their bloody-minded slaughter.She missed her ex sometimes. She missed her daughter.She'd go to Egypt, and become a witch. There on the wall a fig tree grew. Its shadeIn summer made the city street a parkWhere all the little Trojan children played,Chasing each other round the wall, all gamesUntil their mothers called as it grew darkAnd they became a litany of names. ________ The shades become a litany of names.They creep up to the trough of blood to drink.And now the fog clears—they can speak and think.His mother nears to say she never blamesHim for her death of—here her sigh is sharp—A mother's broken heart. His father, well,He lives in squalor, half a man, a shell.His wife—she plays those "suitors" like a harp. (Someday he'll show his father as he grievesThe orchards he was promised: thirteen pears,Ten apple trees, two scores of figs, and vinesThat make the best home brew a vineyard bears,Not strong as Agamemnon's sea-dark wines,But sweet and bright, like light through olive leaves.) [End Page...

The Correggio Code: In Search of the Nepenthes Lady

The Portrait of a Lady attributed to Correggio (St Petersburg, State Hermitage, inv. no. 5555) was witnessed as signed with the Latin pseudonym Antonius Laetus. The inscription was still legible in the 70s, and the analysis of parallels confirms authenticity of the painting while also indicating the time of its creation — most likely in the winter 1518–1519. The identification of the sitter as Ginevra Rangoni accepted by the majority should not be disputed. The idea expressed by Riccardo Finzi more than half a century ago can moreover be supported by new arguments: not only the scapular and the Franciscan knot, but also the laurel, ivy, myrtle, the general expression of the widow bride, the full cup of charming wit as a cure for the bitterness of losses, and the reference to Helen of Troy — all this perfectly fits in with Ginevra’s life circumstances. Contrary to the authoritative opinion of Claudio Franzoni, the inscription on the cup cannot be reduced to a single word: besides νηπενθές it includes ἄχολο[ν], explaining the uncommon epithet, a hapax, and [ἐπίληθον ἁπά]ντων, marking the end of verse Od. 4. 221. Correggio reflected on the feast scene in Menelaus’ palace, visualized it in his creative imagination, and the viewer should turn to it to understand the artist’s intention. Its central character, Helen, appears to act very differently in the two stories told at its end. She sympathizes with the Achaeans, longs for the husband she left behind, and at the same time wants to destroy the warriors hidden in the belly of the wooden horse, among them this deserted husband of hers. Abnormal details of the second story aroused suspicion; it might well have been an interpolation originally belonging to Iliupersis or Little Iliad. However, to Correggio’s mind the text was, of course, authentic, and he perceived the contradictory behavior of Helen as truly homeric. Inspired by Homer, he thus created an ethically ambivalent female image, feasible in its duality.

America's Religious Crossroads: Faith and Community in the Emerging Midwest by Stephen T. Kissel

Reviewed by: America's Religious Crossroads: Faith and Community in the Emerging Midwest by Stephen T. Kissel Marcus Gallo (bio) Keywords Old Northwest, Midwest, Religion, Protestantism, Religious development America's Religious Crossroads: Faith and Community in the Emerging Midwest. By Stephen T. Kissel. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2021. Pp. 268. Cloth, $110.00.) Examining the Old Northwest until 1848, the year that Wisconsin became a state, Stephen T. Kissel describes the religious "bonds, networks, and relationships that allowed these isolated western settlements to evolve in their regional unity and identity" (2). Kissel tackles a variety of topics, including home worship and hospitality, religious literature and schooling, church-building, camp revivals, Bible societies, and social reform movements. These religious undertakings helped develop the Old Northwest, providing structure to the region prior to the establishment of "stable civic and political infrastructures," when "the separation of church and state became more clearly defined by civic and political policies" (145–46). By midcentury, as the pioneer period ended, the Northwest was home to a "religious mosaic" encompassing a variety of sects that still flavored local society (145). [End Page 650] Kissel's chapters all follow a similar structure: Each looks extensively at how mainline Protestant sects handled the aforementioned undertakings, then touches briefly on similar developments among northwestern minorities: Catholics; Blacks and Indians; and Mormon, Shaker, and Rappite utopians. The repetition of this structure can leave these sections on minorities feeling tacked on; the book offers far more to readers interested in the experiences of white Protestants than to those seeking to learn about Black churches or missionary efforts among Native American communities. While not overly focused on religious violence, the rough-and-tumble nature of the Old Northwest emerges from numerous examples. In Kissel's words, "Being able to hold one's own in a fight was regarded with equal value to honesty, because it proved a man could stand his ground and defend his principles" (119). In some instances, the dividing lines could be between believers and unbelievers. Most of the inhabitants of Jackson, Michigan, and Vermillion County, Illinois, resented the presence of itinerant preachers wishing to spread religion. In Plainfield, Michigan, the settlers threatened to ride the preacher out of town on a wooden horse for insulting their integrity by preaching about the evils of prostitution. Perhaps in response to this sort of hostility, one intrepid preacher rode his circuit "with a loaded pistol and a dirk," causing the Western Methodist Conference to publicly reprimand him, then eventually drive him out of the church (116). Similarly, camp revivals attracted throngs of all sorts, including liquor salesmen, to the consternation of religious participants. Revivals could become sites of vandalism and violence when rowdy crowds of youths sought to entertain themselves by disrupting proceedings, prompting the faithful to arm occasionally themselves to maintain order. In other instances, mainstream Protestants moved beyond the defensive, targeting minority sects with violence. In 1810, convinced that local Shakers had been seducing children to run away and then abusing them, a crowd of five hundred armed men entered Union Village, Ohio, and demanded that the Shakers there renounce their faith. The vigilantes left after the Shakers convinced them that they had not, in fact, been maltreating the children of the village. What emerges is a picture of a society that lacked a monopoly on violence; religious organization helped fill the void of authority. Kissel's investigation of church disciplinary procedures is most revealing of the ways in which religious structures overlapped with civil structures in the Old Northwest, providing something of a surrogate for the state. [End Page 651] When forming, Protestant churches adopted strict rules of decorum. For example, Methodists banned "swearing, drunkenness, profaning the Sabbath, failing to attend public worship, fighting, gambling, transacting dishonest business, participating in the slave trade, and 'the putting on of gold and costly apparel'" (107). Enthusiastic lay members formed committees to strengthen the faith of the spiritually conflicted and investigate unacceptable behavior among their congregations. They punished the guilty by demanding public confessions or, for more extreme behavior, suspending or expelling members from the church. Over time, churches expanded their scope to handle disputes that blurred the line between religious...

TROJAN HORSE OF THE GREEK GOLDSMITHS

The paper analyzes the images on the gold gorytos covers of the second half of the 4th century BC (fig. 1). These items were found in the Chertomlyk kurgan (now the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine), the Melitopol kurgan (now the Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine), the kurgan near the town of Ilyintssi (now Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine) and the kurgan 8 from group of Piat’ bratiev (Five Brothers) near the stanitsa Elizavetinskaya (now the Rostov Oblast, Russia).
 All gorytos covers are of the same size. They were made using a bronze matrix (or a set of matrices) at the same time and in the same workshop.
 Most modern researchers accept the interpretation of the central images on the gorytos covers as the scenes from the life of Achilles, the hero of the Greek epic, who was revered by Greeks as divine protector. K. Robert proposed this interpretation in 1891. B. V. Farmakov­sky singled out five scenes from the life of Achilles which sequentially represent the Hero from his childhood to the death (fig. 2: 1).
 In this paper the author identifies nine scenes (fig. 2: 2). Upper frieze: 1) a young man (possibly Apollo) teaches the boy Achilles archery; Thetis stands side by side, she worries about the fate of her son Achilles (fig. 3: 3); 2) Achilles says his mother Thetis goodbye before leaving to the island of Skyros; 3) Odysseus finds Achilles on the island of Skyros; 4) Deidamia, the wife of Achilles, runs away in despair; 5) Peleus hands over his weapon to his son Achilles.
 Lower frieze: 6) Briseis regrets her fate as a slave (fig. 3: 1—2); 7) Zeus establishes the events in the fates of the heroes (fig. 3: 4); 8) Achilles accepts the gifts from Agamemnon and makes peace with him, a wounded Odysseus is standing beside him; 9) Thetis carries the bag with ashes of Achilles and mourns his death (fig. 3: 5). All scenes tell about the events that preceded the manifestation of Achilles as a great warrior and hero: the beginning of warfare training, the events on the eve of the beginning of the Trojan War, the events at the walls of Troy and the quarrel with Agamemnon. Perhaps these images are associated with the magic of knowledge about the beginning, about the origin. In this case, this is knowledge about the origin of Achilles as a hero. Such magical knowledge made it possible to wield the power of the Protector Hero and direct it to the right direction like a prayer or a spell.
 Gorytos was the Scythian weapon. This gorytos series was made in some workshop of a Greek city-state, possibly in the Bosporus kingdom. They were donated to the Scythian rulers with a secret purpose: with the help of magical images to restrain the warlike moods of the Scythians, to pacify them. Therefore, these gorytos were like a wooden horse which, according to the Greek epic, the Achaean warriors left as the so-called gift of Troy and with its help captured this impregnable city.

The Wooden Horse: An English Version of Virgil, Aeneid Book II by T.J. Leary

The Wooden Horse: An English Version of Virgil, Aeneid Book II by T.J. Leary

Verbalization of Bacchic Actions in the Artistic World of Fyodor Abramov

The features of verbalization of Bacchic actions in the works of Fyodor Abramov (tetralogy “Brothers and Sisters”, novels “Pelageya”, “Alka”, “Mamonikha”, “Wooden Horses” and stories) are considered. The linguistic means of the individual author’s interpretation of the “Wine Drinking” sphere as a fragment of the semantic field of a literary text are analyzed. Bacchic action from the point of view of manifestation of one or another cultural semantics in it (according to M. L. Kovshova): utilitarian, functional, aesthetic, social hierarchical, ideological and spiritual is studied. It is noted that in the artistic world of Abramov, the utilitarian and functional aspects generally correspond to the general cultural ones, reflected in the paremias. It was revealed that the social-hierarchical cultural layer has its own specificity, which manifests itself in two oppositions: “village — city”, “collective farmer-peasant — rural intellectuals”. The author notes that the ideological and spiritual component in understanding the situation of wine drinking is associated with the expression of the author’s attitude, his worldview through the prism of the character’s opinion. It is concluded that the verbalization of Bacchic action is distinguished by figurative interpretation, the attraction of components from various spheres: the use of expressions containing somatisms, animalisms, perceptual vocabulary, verbs of physical impact, etc. When analyzing the social component of some Bacchic expressions, it is noted that the objects of wine drinking (vessels) are interpreted as subjects of interpersonal relationships.

ŚLADY WIERZEŃ POGAŃSKICH NA PRZYKŁADZIE ZNALEZISK Z OSTROWA LEDNICKIEGO

The article presents an analysis of finds and information attributed to the pre-Christian religion in Ostrów Lednicki and the ancillary facilities. To this end, a number of finds from the first half of the 10th to the early 12th centuries were described and interpreted. They include a piece of a gold amulet locket, a utensil made of clay with the swastika and an encircled cross, a buried horse, wooden horse figures, an ornamental element of a knife sheath ferrule, a round rattle and a wooden structure with cornerstone offerings. By means of comparative studies and analyses of the archaeological excavations in Ostrów Lednicki and its vicinity (Dziekanowice, Moraczewo), the authors conclude that in this area, a pagan cult centre could have existed in the late 9th and the early 10th centuries at the latest, related most probably to Svarog /Svarozic, god of the Sun, the home, and a divine blacksmith.

A Study on the Relationship between Poetic Subject and Alchemy Symbol System in Park In-hwan’s Poetry –Centered on “Books and Scenery” and “Wooden Horse and Lady”

A Study on the Relationship between Poetic Subject and Alchemy Symbol System in Park In-hwan’s Poetry –Centered on “Books and Scenery” and “Wooden Horse and Lady”

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LIMBAH SERBUK BATA MERAH DAN LIMBAH TEMPURUNG KELAPA TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON

In Blitar City, the use of coconuts from trees to fruit is increasing rapidly, from tree trunks that can be used for wooden horses, to the fruit which can also be used as various kinds of food and crafts. The growth of trade in handicrafts made from coconut shells, waste from craftsmen can also be used as additional material for making concrete because coconut shells contain a lot of chemicals. Not only coconut shell waste can be used in the manufacture of innovative building materials, but also red brick powder obtained from demolition of residential buildings and unused buildings. To prove and determine the effect of the addition of red brick powder and coconut shell waste, therefore the concrete compressive strength test used 24 samples consisting of normal concrete and 3 variations of red brick powder and coconut shell waste ranging from 3%, 6% and 9 %. So the results of normal concrete aged 14 days with a compressive strength of 19.42 MPa, so there is an increase of 20.02 MPa in the 3% mixture. Then there is a decrease in the amount of 16.53 MPa in the 6% mixture, and there is another increase in the mixture of 9%, which is worth 19.06 MPa. And at the age of 28 days the average is the same at the amount of 20.0 MPa and the mixture is 9%. the value of 19.45 MPa.

Absence of Evidence or Evidence of Absence? Welsh Extra-Curial Dispute Settlement Revisited

The 'ceffyl pren' ('wooden horse') was a ritual shaming punishment used by neighbours against offenders who were held to have breached communal norms. The use of the practice in the nineteenth century is often presented as a survival of a long-established custom, rooted in rural Welsh life and in decline due to suppression by the instruments of the state. This article argues that the ceffyl pren was not in its origin ancient, nor particularly Welsh, and that its use increased in the nineteenth century. The reasons for the development of the practice at that later time are then considered.

Triphiodorus and the Poetics of Imperial Greek Epic

Triphiodorus (third century CE) wrote a 691-line hexameter epyllion, the Sack of Troy, on the ruse of the wooden horse and the capture of Troy. In this article I examine the nature of the poem’s literary program by focusing on three key passages: the proem and epilogue, and the description of Odysseus the orator after the large-scale ekphrasis of the wooden horse. The poet uses the metaphor of the horse to emphasize the speed and brevity of his composition, but also inserts key Callimachean intertexts to articulate the dual nature of his poem, both conservative and innovative.

Behavioral Escalation: Video Games as a Tool of Hybrid War

Gaming industry in its short span of around forty years has evolved from a hobby to a huge economic industry. However, undeniably, incredible advancement in video game graphics has allowed this virtual world to manipulate and escalate its consumer's behavior. Violent video games, according to Professor Robert Sparrow, have long been used for political contestation and social unrest. The study serves to analyze behavioral escalation through video games. This study has used Ian Bogust's Procedural Rhetoric as a methodology to analyze video games. The results showed that video games are persuasive interactive medium that escalate behavior and have great potential to be used as a tool of Hybrid war. Louis Jones stated that propaganda and unconventional warfare is not a new thing, it dates back to Greeks when they left wooden horse at Troy. Colin Gray, military strategist, described the future warfare as similar to the historical one but with modern means of technology. The new virtual means of warfare have not altered the nature of warfare but have developed its new ways. Combat games are more realistic in sense of its enhanced graphics and presentation. This study points towards the great potential in video games to work as a tool for Hybrid war.

Semantics of Adjectives in the Story «Wooden Horses» by F. A. Abramov (To the 100th Anniversary of the Birth)

The article investigates the semantic identity and intertextual correlation of adjectives used by F. A. Abramov in his story «Wooden horses». The study focuses on the conceptual significance of adjectives in a literary text. The aim of the research was to discover the role of quality-denoting lexemes (qualitative concepts) in the formation of artistic images and expression of the author’s intention on the basis of a linguistic analysis of adjectives. The most active lexico-semantic groups of adjectives are described: time, human character, material, appearance of objects, human physical appearance, colour and light, intellectual assessment, mirative assessment; and proves the role of adjectives in the conceptualization of literaty images. On the basis of quantitative and semantic analysis and also taking into the account the syntagmatic features of adjectives, the important conceptual semantic fields – «Time» and «Man» – are defined. A detailed analysis of the semantics of adjectives helps to ascertain the correlation of conceptually relevant meanings in the text, as well as to bring the reader’s interpretation closer to understanding the author’s intention.

The Political Education and Enlightenment of Thomas Hobbes

As one of the first political thinkers of the modern era, Thomas Hobbes relied on his analysis of the Civil War in England to reach the conclusion that the sovereign should empower its delegates to implement a special educational policy designed to inculcate the nobility and lower classes with allegiance to the state. One of the main features of Hobbes’s program was that the sovereign power should oversee the institutions of knowledge to make sure they would not disseminate ideas that might subvert the authority of the sovereign. An equally important aspect of Hobbes’s educational design was the control of secular sovereignty over ecclesiastical institutions to ensure their loyalty to the sovereign. Hobbes assigns a special role to the English universities in his recommendations. In his historical treatise Behemoth or the Long Parliament, Hobbes places the lion’s share of the blame for the English Civil War on the universities, which he said “have been to this nation, as the wooden horse was to the Trojans.” That is why the new sovereign power after winning the Civil War needed to encourage civil peace by reforming the universities, which were “the core of rebellion.” Hobbes regarded the political doctrine of the secular sovereign’s unlimited power that he expounded in detail in Leviathan as the absolutely necessary foundation for reform. According to Hobbes, this educational policy was indispensable for indoctrinating citizens so that they would be loyal to the sovereign power in order to preserve peace in England.

Een paard en een stad

Abstract This article concerns the Dendermond appropriation of the medieval legend of the steed Bayard and the four sons (the ‘Heems children’) of Aymon, lord of Dordoen. The story of Bayard and Aymon’s sons was popular in the Low Countries during the Middle Ages. In many towns and cities, a giant wooden Horse Bayard was part of processions and parades. In some cases, the tradition persists to this day. This is especially the case in Dendermonde, where a local version of the story exists. The nineteenth-century archivist of the city, Prudens Van Duyse, is probably responsible for this remarkable tradition. His assumptions about the Dendermond roots of Aymon of Dordoen and the resulting local narrative tradition are based on a very free interpretation of the toponyms in the Middle Dutch prose story and on an equally free reading of the writings of a number of seventeenth-century historians. While, after Van Duyse’s passing, there was some debate among historians concerning the credibility of his theories, storytellers embraced the regional variant that he invented. To this day, Van Duyse continues to influence Dendermond folklore.

Laocoon: Étymologies et Significations Virgiliennes

Laocoon etymologically means “who by his religious foresight is protecting the Trojan people (in arms) against the enemy”. Vergil too interprets the meaning of the name otherwise. It means “who is denouncing the attendance of warriors in the hollow parts of the Wooden Horse”. Both meanings fit the image of the Horse considered as a gift and an inanimate thing (it is the standpoint of the Trojan crowd), or as a fallacious “living” thing (a mare “pregnant of warriors” in Laocoon’s eyes and of his friends).

“An Analysis of Trojan Horse Affairs, Measuring the Impact of Hoax Produced by Anti-Muslim Government in the UK”

<p>This paper highlights one concrete example of how the power of <em>Hoaxes</em> can provide an extra-ordinary significant impact to the country. The term<em> </em>of <em>the Trojan Horse Affairs</em> make this issue more interesting for the author to discuss. The term of <em>Trojan Horse </em>generally used in technological science to describe the existence of the <em>malware </em>or <em>viruses</em> activity, whos hiding in suspicious forms and then damage the core systems on a computer or steal its data. The damage caused by the <em>Trojan Horse</em> is usually very severe (<em>Trojan Horses</em>, 2019).</p><p>In the study of international relations, the term of <em>Trojan Horse </em>was also recently introduced to defined the “terrorist operations”. This is because, terrorist operations are also use hidden movements on their actions to attack or stealing data which resulted in fatal damage. For that kind of reason, in the study of international relations, the term of <em>Trojan Horse</em> is also synonymous with serious crime, which are usually carried out by the opponents, enemies, or international criminal syndicate (<em>Trojan Horses</em>, 2019).</p>Tracing the origin history the use of the term of <em>The Trojan Horse</em> will remind back with the Ancient Greek War, between the <em>Achaena</em> (Greek) and Trojan people. This history become phenomenal after the <em>Achaena </em>win the war with their clever trick of smuggling its soldier into an unsuspecting wooden horse statue, soon called <em>“The Trojan Horse”</em>statue. The Trojan people immediately got killed in the night, when their soldiers were unaware and sleeping. The Achenian soldiers came out from their hiding place and then ended this storys (Mogra, n.d.).

The Motif of Wrath and Withdrawal in Medieval European Epic and its Impact on The Homeric Question – Some Preliminary Remarks

Building on his research of 2009, the author of the following article will discuss some parallels to the wrath of Achilles in the medieval European tradition, especially in the Latin Song of Waltharius and in the French chanson de geste as exemplified most notably by the Geste de Fierabras. This epic forms the best parallel to the Iliad, but doesn’t seem to depend on it. It is therefore claimed that the opening of the Iliad with the immediate conflict between the king and his main vassal represents a traditional device of oral epic poetry. As a consequence, the established idea of a chronographic epic style, which has been replaced by the more dramatic Homeric poems, has to be abandoned. On the contrary, it was the dramatic and colourful motifs like the wrath of Achilles or the conquest of Troy with the help of the Wooden Horse, which formed the kernel of the legend, around which smaller episodes crystallized that were told in a more chronographic style.

Differences in trunk and upper extremity kinematics and segmental velocities during the offside forehand polo swing between male and female athletes

ABSTRACT Although polo is a well-known equestrian sport, it is fundamentally misunderstood. The purpose of this study was to examine trunk and upper extremity kinematics and segmental velocities during the offside forehand polo swing between male and female athletes. Ten female and 17 male professional polo athletes volunteered. An electromagnetic tracking system collected kinematic data at 100 Hz while participants performed three offside forehand polo swings from a stationary wooden horse. One-way ANOVAs revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in all kinematic variables and segmental velocities. Specifically, males exhibited a greater mean difference (MD=23°) of trunk flexion at take away (TA) and top of backswing (TOB)(MD=29°) trunk lateral flexion at ball contact (BC)(MD=23°), trunk rotation at TA(MD=97°) and TOB(MD=118°), shoulder abduction at TOB(MD=64°), and shoulder elevation at TOB(MD=13°) and BC(MD=40°). Females displayed greater trunk rotation at BC(MD=91°), shoulder elevation at TA(MD=19°), and elbow flexion at TA(MD=90°). Additionally, females generated greater segmental velocities early in the swing, while the males generated velocity later. The movement patterns observed amongst the males suggest energy is being transferred more efficiently along the kinetic chain, thus more efficient swing mechanics, but further investigation into the role of the trunk and lumbopelvic-hip complex in reference to the polo swing is warranted.