Wood Husk Research Articles

Use of MQ 3 Sensor in Measuring Benzo[a]Pyrene Compound From Wood Husk Combustion Process with Robotdyn Uno R3 WiFi

Use of MQ 3 Sensor in Measuring Benzo[a]Pyrene Compound From Wood Husk Combustion Process with Robotdyn Uno R3 WiFi

Sound Absorption Behavior Related to Reduce the Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF) Adhesives for the Coffee Silver Skin Board Production

ABSTRACT The development of sound-absorbing panels which used coffee-silver-skin (CS) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) as a composite board was studied. In this experiment, the objective was to examine the impact on the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) when incorporating wood husk into the composite board, specifically in the cases of CS (100%) and CS (90%) mixed with wood husk (10%), while simultaneously reducing the amount of MUF adhesive and adding corn starch (25%). It was observed that as the MUF content of the board decreased to 75%, the sound absorption coefficient average (SAA) were found to be 0.59 and 0.62 for the middle- and high-frequency ranges, respectively. For the frequency range higher than 3.15 kHz, the maximum SAC value of sample boards was 0.91 and the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) value was 0.47. While, the result showed the maximum SAC and the NRC value of sample boards were 0.93 and 0.48, respectively above the frequency range higher than 1.25 kHz for decreasing the MUF adhesive of board to 50%. Similarly, the addition of wood husk and corn starch mixed to CS could increase the SAA value of sample boards in the middle- and high-frequency range.

Staphylococcus edaphicus KCB02A11 incorporated with natural adsorbents: first report on its tolerance and removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)

Deteriorating the quality of different parts of the ecosystem due to toxic metals is a serious global issue. Hexavalent chromium is a metal that can cause adverse effects on all living beings, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, on exposure to high concentrations for prolonged periods. Removing hexavalent chromium from various types of wastes is challenging; hence the present study investigated the use of bacteria incorporated with selected natural substrates in removing hexavalent chromium from water. Isolated Staphylococcus edaphicus KCB02A11 has shown higher removal efficiency with a wide hexavalent chromium range (0.025-8.5mg/L) within 96h. Incorporating the isolated strain with natural substrates commonly found in the environment (hay and wood husk) showed high removal potential [100% removal with 8.5mg/L of Cr(VI)], even within less than 72h, with the formation of biofilms on the used substrates applied for metal removal on a large scale for prolonged periods. This study is the first report investigating hexavalent chromium tolerance and removal by Staphylococcus edaphicus KCB02A11.

Chromium removal by newly developed microbial consortia supported on wood husk

Chromium removal by newly developed microbial consortia supported on wood husk

Wickerhamomyces anomalus biofilm supported on wood husk and zeolite 13X for the treatment of chromium in aqueous solutions and a tannery effluent

Wickerhamomyces anomalus biofilm supported on wood husk and zeolite 13X for the treatment of chromium in aqueous solutions and a tannery effluent

Influence of mulches on yield and quality of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler

The quality of strawberry is highly hampered by improper crop management, which can only be solved by using different types of mulches. It is very rare in literature, where the different types of mulches are used for the quality assessment. To carry out this new strategy to sustain the quality of strawberry the present study was carried out using various kind of mulches viz., white polythene mulch, yellow polythene mulch, black polythene much, green polythene mulch, news-paper mulch, wood husk mulch, serpat grass mulch, red polythene mulch, jute bag mulch comprised of 10 treatments and 3 replications under the randomized block design. The findings revealed that the application of black plastic mulch significantly increased the total number of fruit (12.67), length of fruit (6.21 cm), width of fruit (4.20 cm), weight of fruit (16.30 g), yield plant-1 (200.10g), yield plot-1 (3.20kg), total soluble solids (11.85%), total sugar (8.58%), reducing sugar (7.90%), non-reducing sugar (1.75%) and vitamin C (45.91 mg 100g-1). It is pertinent to infer that the application of the mulches (either black or yellow) performed and better over control.

Influence of Wood Husk and CaCO3 on the Mechanical Properties of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber

AbstractNatural fiber reinforced composites have sparked a lot of research and engineering interest in recent decades because of their low density, high specific strength, low cost, lightweight, recyclability, and biodegradability, earning them the title of green composite. Nitrile rubber‐based composites are generally used as elastomers in many industries due to their applications such as O‐rings, gaskets, oil seals, synthetic leather, automotive transition belts, etc. In the present work, in order to enhance the mechanical properties of nitrile rubber, the fillers like CaCO3 and wood husk in five different proportions are added to the NBR matrix. The curing studies, mechanical measurements, and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis are conducted and it is found that the tensile and tear strength of the mixture with the proportion of CaCO3 with 10% and wood husk with 50% is the best combination compared to nitrile rubber gum sample. The tensile strength of the matrix with proportion CaCO3 10% and wood husk 50% has increased around 86.15% and where the tear strength increased around 80.59% compared to the matrix without fillers. SEM analysis reveals the uniform distribution of fillers in the rubber matrix, which is in accordance with mechanical properties. This is a cost‐effective method that consumes less time and is non‐pollutant as if this study uses natural products such as wood husk as the fillers.

EFFECT OF ADDING WOOD POWDER ASH ON CBR VALUE IN STABILIZED HIGH PLASTICITY CLAY CEMENT AND LIME

<p>Cement and lime are widely used as stabilizing agents for soft clays. Some pozzolanic materials have also been used as additives such as asphalt, geosta, fly ash (geopolymer), base ash, salt. Industrial waste such as rice husk ash, coal burning ash (geopolymer) is also used as an alternative for stabilization materials. This research aims to study the effect of sawdust ash, as wood waste, to replace cement and lime on the stabilization of high plasticity clay. The effectiveness of sawdust ash, in this study, was evaluated from the CBR value. The test samples were also reviewed under conditions with and without immersion and with and without curing. Based on the test results, lime is very effective as an additive because it increases the CBR value of more than 100 at a level of 10%. Wood husk ash also increases the CBR value by 100%. The use of cement, lime and wood husk ash requires curing time so that there is a strong bond between the clay and additives. The use of additives without curing did not increase the CBR value. In the stabilization of clay with 10% lime, replacement of lime with wood husk ash by 4%-6%, can be used as a road sub-grade with good quality.</p>

Cr(VI) Removal Using the Combination of the Cr(VI)-Resistant and Cr(VI)-Reducing Biofilm and the Alum-Polyacrylamide

This paper describes the removal of Cr(VI) using the combination of bacterial reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by wood husk–packed column containing the Cr(VI)-reducing biofilm followed by Cr(III) removal using the coagulation-flocculation technique. The chromium removal process was carried out at the laboratory-scale for 90 days using different batches of Cr(VI) ranging from 35 to 231 mg L−1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9941, thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the second-order regression model with the experimental data. The experimental observations were in reasonable agreement with the modeled values. The biofilm was able to completely reduce 100 mg L−1 Cr(VI) in 6 h while a longer contact time (18 h) was needed for higher Cr(VI) concentrations. In this study, ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) was used as the control parameter during the Cr(VI) reduction process. The coagulation/flocculation process using the combination of alum and polyacrylamide results in complete removal of color, 85% Cr(III), and 97% turbidity. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis of the biofilm revealed the embedding of bacterial cells in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This study successfully demonstrated the potential application of a bacterial biofilm and chemical systems to remove chromium contamination from water systems.

Enhancement of Expansive Soil with Addition of Wood Husk Ash and Silica Fume

Soil is the foundation material which supports loads from an overlying structure; it mainly consists of minerals, organic matter, liquids etc. In India the soil most present is Clay, using which the construction of sub grade is deemed problematic. as Clayey soils are expansive soils. The problem of using clayey soil for civil engineering constructions has been observed since early ages.. On the basis of type of soil, soil stabilization is undertaken and is a major technology in construction engineering. Soil strengthening refers to the process of enhancing physical, chemical and mechanical properties of soil to maintain its stability. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to improve the engineering properties of locally available clayey soil near Mahabalipuram by making a composite mix with silica fume and wood ash with equal composition in various proportions. Addition of such materials will increase the physical as well as chemical properties of the soil. study, experimental investigations are carried out to study the beneficial effects of stabilizing Clay soil using silica fume and wood ash with 3%, 5% and 7%. The tests were conducted in order to evaluate the improvement in strength characteristics of the sub graded soil. The parameters tested included the Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor Density, California bearing ratio (CBR). Results showed that the geotechnical parameters of clay soil improved substantially by the addition of wood husk ash and silica fume

Perbaikan teknik budidaya jamur sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan hasil produksi

Belum maksimalnya penerapan teknik budidaya jamur oleh masyarakat telah memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil budidaya. Penggunaan teknik yang kurang efektif dapat memperpanjang waktu pengerjaan dan tingginya kerusakan pada baglok jamur tiram, seperti yang dialami pengusaha MycoAgro. Kegiatan ini bertujuan memperbaiki teknik budidaya jamur dalam rangka meningkatkan produksi usaha jamur yang dimiliki masyarakat. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Nagari Panyalaian Kecamatan X Koto Kabupaten Tanah Datar Sumatera Barat. Metode yang digunakan berupa pendampingan masyarakat melalui penyuluhan dan pelatihan mitra dalam pembenahan sarana budidaya, pemantapan teknik budidaya yang sudah dan belum dikuasai mitra. Pembuatan standar operasional alat budidaya dan prosedur keselamatan kerja serta pemberian konseling motivasi wirausaha pada mitra. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan telah terjadi peningkatan pemahaman teknik budidaya yang dikuasai mitra. Mitra telah mampu menyelesaikan 2000 baglok jamur dengan waktu yang lebih cepat dari sebelumnya. Selama proses budidaya baglok yang mengalami kerusakan hanya 15%, jumlah ini jauh lebih kecil bila dibandingkan dengan sebelumnya. Rata-rata produksi jamur tiram 30,7 kg/minggu. Mitra telah mampu memproduksi bibit sendiri, mengetahui teknik budidaya jamur konsumsi selain jamur tiram dan mampu menggunakan media tumbuh selain sekam kayu. Berdasarkan kegiatan yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan telah terjadi peningkatan usaha budidaya jamur tiram yang dimiliki masyarakat.

Wicherhamomyces anomalus biofilm supported on wood husk for chromium wastewater treatment

A Wickeramomyces anomalus biofilm supported on wood husk was used to remediate water bodies contaminated with chromium (Cr), in batch and open systems. The favorable adhesion ability of the chromium-resistant yeast strain on the wood husk was predicted by XDLVO theory and confirmed by environmental scanning electronic microscopy. The chromium decontamination was then optimized in a batch mode using a central composite design (CCD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.93–0.91 for Cr(VI) and total Cr removal, respectively, ensuring a satisfactory fitting of the second-order regression model to the experimental data. In batch system, the concentration of biomass exhibited the minimal effect on the process. An acidic pH of 3.72 and 5.48, an initial chromium concentration of 10 and 16.91 mg/L and a support dose of 6.95 and 8.20 g/L were optimal for Cr(VI) and total Cr removal, respectively. The breakthrough curves were determined in open system for different initial chromium concentrations. The study of glucose concentration effect on the yeast extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production showed that a medium exempt of glucose allowed maximal EPS production and minimal chromium removal efficiency, while 20 g/L glucose concentration of presented the optimal condition for chromium removal.

Theoretical and Experimental Adhesion of Yeast Strains with High Chromium Removal Potential

Biofilm-based bioprocesses are increasingly used in wastewater treatment. Microbial adhesion constitutes the key step in stability of these depollution systems. For adhesion studies, physicochemical characterization of microbial cells and supports has proved to be of extreme importance. In this work, estimation of interaction between five yeast strains with a high potential for Cr (VI) removal using extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey and Overbeek (XDLVO) theory as a powerful predictive tool of adhesion was investigated. Predictions showed that wood husk could be a good support for the formation of tested yeast biofilm, beech and oak exhibit better properties than other wood species studied with 100% of potential for adhesion. From a thermodynamic point of view, pine and teak woods are not suitable for biofilm formation for all tested yeast strains, presenting positive values of free energy adhesion (ΔGXDLVO). Environmental scanning electronic microscopy (ESEM) and Matlab® image analysis confirmed that all tested yeast strains were able to adhere to pine wood and, except for Wickerhamomyces anomalus they were unable to adhere to oak wood. Adhesion experiments were found to be well related to the theoretical prediction. To our knowledge, this is the first study dealing with biofilm-mediated depollution from an adhesion point of view aiming to optimize the stability of the system. It allows expanding knowledge about adhesion phenomena of yeast strains on wooden surface and contributes to select the best biofilm-support combination that would be used in a performant biological system for chromium removal.

The determination of mercury content in the biomass untended for industrial power plant

Biomass is one of the oldest and most widely used renewable energy sources. The biomass is the whole organic matter of vegetable or animal origin which is biodegradable. Biomass includes leftovers from agricultural production, forestry residues, and industrial and municipal waste. The use of biomass in the power industry has become a standard and takes place in Poland and other European countries. This paper discusses the correlation of mercury content in different biomass types used in the power industry and in products of biomass combustion. Different biomass types, which are currently burned in a commercial power plant in Poland, were discussed. A photographic documentation of different biomass types, such as straw briquettes, wood briquettes, pellets from energy crops (sunflower husk and wood husk), wood pellets, wood chips, and agro-biomass (seeds) was carried out. The presented paper discusses the results obtained for 15 biomass samples. Five selected biomass samples were burned in controlled conditions in the laboratory at the University of Silesia. The ash resulting from the combustion of five biomass samples was tested for mercury content. A total of twenty biomass samples and its combustion products were tested. Based on the obtained results, it was found that any supply of biomass, regardless of its type, is characterized by variable mercury content in dry matter. In the case of e.g. wood chips, the spread of results reaches 235.1 μm/kg (in dry matter). Meanwhile, the highest mercury content, 472.4 μm/kg (in dry matter) was recorded in the biomass of straw, wood pellets, and pellets from energy crops (sunflower husk). In the case of combustion products of five selected biomass types, a three or four fold increase in the mercury content has been observed.

Optimization of xylanase production from free and immobilized cells of Fusarium solani F7

The aim of the present investigation was to characterize a xylanase-producing Fusarium solani isolate and to optimize cultural conditions for xylanase enzyme production from free and immobilized cells. Screening of Fusarium solani isolate was based on the diameter of the clear zone formation in oat spelt xylan agar plates. Fusarium solani isolate F7 was selected and optimized for xylanase enzyme production using cheaper substrates such as wheat straw, rice straw, rice bran, and wood husk. Maximum enzyme activity was observed in wheat straw (78.32 U ml-1 for free cells and 94.68 U ml-1 for immobilized cells). Optimum pH and temperature for xylanase activity were found to be 5.5 and 30°C at 3% substrate concentration for free cells and 5.0 and 30°C at 3% substrate concentration for immobilized cells. In the purification step, 75% ammonium sulphate saturation was found to be suitable, giving maximum xylanase activity. Production of xylanase was greater from immobilized cells than from free cells. Purified xylanase from free cells yielded a single band with a molecular weight of 89kDa, while it was 92.8kDa for immobilized cells. The use of wheat straw as a major carbon source is particularly valuable, because oat spelt xylan is very expensive. The Fusarium solani F7 isolate proved to be a promising microorganism for xylanase production.

Utilização de biomassa na secagem de produtos agrícolas via gaseificação com combustão adjacente dos gases produzidos

Este estudo determinou a viabilidade do uso de um gaseificador/combustor que utiliza tocos de eucalipto, resíduos de serraria, cavacos de lenha e sabugo de milho como combustível na secagem de produtos agrícolas. Utilizou-se o gaseificador desenvolvido por SILVA (1988) com modificações na câmara de gaseificação; área da grelha reduzida de 0,21 para 0,06 m²; adição de um revestimento envolvendo a parte superior do gaseificador, e foi colocado um registro tipo borboleta na saída da câmara de combustão. O ar aquecido no combustor foi enviado para um secador que possuía câmaras metálicas que eram removíveis, içadas por um sistema de roldanas, facilitando a homogeneização da secagem. Como teste do sistema, secou-se café com umidade inicial de 54,5% bu até 11,1 ± 1,6% bu, utilizando-se de cavacos de lenha. A temperatura do ar de secagem foi de 60 ºC, pressão estática do ar na saída do ventilador de 9 mmca e velocidade de 46,3 m³ min-1. Concluiu-se que o gaseificador, usando cavacos de eucalipto como combustível, consumiu entre 15,3 e18,8 kg h-1 de biomassa, que o equipamento é viável para a secagem de café despolpado e para outros produtos agrícolas, não o impregnando de fumaça ou outras partículas, geradas nas fornalhas de fogo direto, e que todos os combustíveis de biomassa testados são viáveis na utilização do sistema via gasificação com adjacente combustão dos gases gerados.