Women In War Research Articles

Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dalam Pembangunan Pariwisata di Kabupaten Pangkep

The Tourism sector is one of the developing sectors in Indonesia that can improve the economy of a country or region. Tourism is currently growing, which can open up vast employment opportunities. Women's empowerment through the community is a forum for developing the economy of Panaikang village, especially the introduction to tourism itself and its elements. One of them is the role of women in capacity building and community understanding of the benefits of tourism. Community service is packaged as technical guidance on women's war in developing villages and poverty alleviation in Panaikang Tourism Village. This technical guidance includes providing material about the Tourism Village to improve the community's standard of living around the Panaikang Tourism Village. The results of this service activity day showed that the community was very enthusiastic and actively participated in the activity. This activity has a significant impact on the community, especially in terms of gender equality and the role of women in poverty alleviation in Panaikang Village.

Congolese Women's War Trauma in Lynn Nottage's Ruined

Congolese Women's War Trauma in Lynn Nottage's Ruined

Gastro-testimonials in Handmade: Narrating the War Experiences of Sri Lankan Tamil Women through Food

This essay examines the silent traumas, gendered violence, and unacknowledged resilience embedded in women's war stories from Sri Lanka's civil war (1983–2009) in the cookbook Handmade. Handmade is not a conventional cookbook. It is a collection of culinary life narratives that emerge from the depths of war to provide insider perspectives on the impact of war on the lives of women. I discuss the trajectory of the civil war and its postwar phases through the gastro-testimonials of Sri Lanka's Tamil women in the war-devastated regions of the Jaffna peninsula and the Vanni. The majority of the women featured in the cookbook are war widows. These women become the authors of their own life narratives when they use culinary ingenuity as the language of self-expression to tell their stories of suffering and survival. I demonstrate how the women's stories uncover important life narratives through a culinary mapping of war as a feminist act to argue that the cookbook is not a cultural artifact or a compendium of recipes. It is a testimonial narrative that uncovers the fractured lives that reside within and behind each recipe. The language of food formalizes the survival narratives of resilient Tamil women as they transition from invisibility to public disclosure through their cooking "against war."

Ikwuano Women in 1929 Women’s Protest: A Recipe from Women War in Ancient Israel (Judges 4:4-24)

This paper focused on the uniqueness of Ikwuano women in terms of their contributions towards economic and political development, particularly around 1929 events. It aimed at accentuating the valiant role of Ikwuano Women in their gallant protest to claim their rights against household taxation by the British Colonial rule through the Warrant Chiefs. The research adopted a historical method to trace the role of women in the Ancient Israeli war in Judges 4:4-24 which applies to the Aba Women Protest. A historical examination shows that the 1929 so-called 'Aba Women Riot' was an Igbo women's traditional demonstration that allowed women to express their disapproval of any policy that infringes their human rights at that time. Foreign publishers used derogatory dictions such as riot, revolt, and war and later termed it “Aba Riot”, excluding women, probably because they were oblivious of the aforementioned protest in Igbo tradition or that they denied political fault of household taxation policy and assault to women as colonialists. The findings unveiled that the contributions of Ikwuano women to the political and economic development of Nigeria cannot be overemphasized, just as Deborah's and Jael’s exploits in Ancient Israel cannot be underestimated. The paper also investigated that the so-called Aba Women Riot of 1929 emanated from a clan called Oloko, in Ikwuano under Old Aba Province, as a protest which spread to Aba, Owerri, Calabar, and other Eastern Region of Nigeria. It gained international attention that resulted in the cancellation of Women's Taxation, the improvement of the national economy, and abrogation of the Warrant Chief System. The paper recommended the empowerment of Ikwuano Women, adequate support of the Government in revitalizing the production of cash crops in Ikwuano through mechanization and mass employment of indigenous youth in the aforementioned Institutes to alleviate poverty in the area. Lessons should be learned from women's war in ancient Israel contained in Judges 4:4-24, which reveals the inherent ability of women to promote national economy, peace, politics, and defense against external aggressions.

The War for Women’s Peace Archives at the New York Public Library: An Examination of Conflict in Curation and Stewardship

Archivists and donors often experience conflict when promises made during the acquisition process are vaguely defined or do not match expectations. What is the long-term impact of this conflict? And what are the best ways of navigating such conflict? This article takes as a case study the acquisition and stewardship of the Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection at the New York Public Library’s Manuscripts and Archives Division, beginning in 1940. This article explores how promises made by NYPL and expectations set by donors and upheld by collection consultant Edith Wynner impacted researcher access to the Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection both before and after its opening. Struggles over the Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection provided many lessons to NYPL archivists and administrators, and in the present day these lessons serve as poignant reminders about the importance of professional ethics and core values, namely responsible stewardship.

Gender, Conflict and Peace-Building in Africa: A Comparative Historical Review of Zulu and Igbo Women in Crisis Management

The male gender has often dominated the quest for societal security. Analysis and studies on security management and peace-building tend to advance the role of the male folk more than their female counterparts. This study traced the role of historic Zulu women in societal security management and compared it to the Aba Women's War that is popularly referred to as the Aba women riot. The study used the African developmental feminism theory to anchor its analysis. It maintained that these women rose at critical times to challenge the forces that planted insecurity in their societies. It found that they engaged in both strategic and reactive peace-building. The study also reveals the similarities and differences in Zulu and Igbo women intervention in conflict and security management. Finally, the researchers recommended considering the widespread nature of insecurity in many remote parts of Africa that have consistently led to the death of women and children. There should be a re-awakening of female security regiments in many African societies, and they should be trained to secure their lives and properties through community policing efforts.

Women of War in Paul Auster’s Man in the Dark

Auster’s Man in the Dark includes numerous war stories that altogether contribute to its overall message about the different shape of the world if there were no wars. Most of these war stories are about the miscellaneous effective roles of women during wartime and its aftermath; their contributions to the progress of wars; their victimization as wives and captives; their sufferings as widows and laborers; and their drastic change of identity in accepting new social roles traditionally unachievable. These images of women of war make Man in the Dark a novel about women, although it literally seems not to offer any points about them. This paper is thus to argue that Auster seems to be presenting himself as a pro-feminist in this novel, which is basically about war and what causes war, in highlighting women’s roles during wartime and how their contributions have been unfairly silenced. Keywords: Auster, Man in the Dark, war, women.

"It's More Terrible Not to Remember": Alexievich and Women's War Literature

Abstract: Svetlana Alexievich's text brings to light women veterans' testimonies of lingering World War II traumas that challenge militaristic discourses. This study analyzes how Alexievich helped them claim their testimonial voices and provoked them to reveal traumatic effects and to contextualize and organize their words into trauma narratives.

An Unladylike Profession: American Women War Correspondents in World War I

An Unladylike Profession: American Women War Correspondents in World War I

Book Review: An Unladylike Profession: American Women War Correspondents in World War I, by Chris Dubbs

Book Review: <i>An Unladylike Profession: American Women War Correspondents in World War I</i>, by Chris Dubbs

Aba Women’s Riots (November to December, 1929)

This paper offers a narrative and analysis of a central event in the colonial history of Nigeria - the Aba Women's War of 1929, also called the Aba Women's Riots by colonial officials. The paper sourced its materials from extant literature through extensive collection of secondary data from the archives in Nigeria. The Women's War of 1929 addresses the historical debates related to the causes and consequences of the event with assessments of each side's strengths and weaknesses. Focusing mainly on the actions of African participants, the paper explains the cultural, social, and economic issues that led to the Women's War and the reasons why women used specific strategies. It also evaluates the aftermath of the conflict and how the protest practices used by Igbo and Ibibio women influenced British colonial policy.

The Women's Fight: The Civil War's Battles for Home, Freedom, and Nation by Thavolia Glymph

Reviewed by: The Women's Fight: The Civil War's Battles for Home, Freedom, and Nation by Thavolia Glymph Randall M. Miller The Women's Fight: The Civil War's Battles for Home, Freedom, and Nation. Thavolia Glymph. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2020. ISBN 978-1-4695-5363-1. 392 pp., hardcover, $34.95. For the past decade and more, scholars have been discovering, uncovering, and recovering hidden histories of women's experiences, place, and consequence in the American Civil War. At one time relegated to the sidebars of Civil War studies, women now often share center stage with men and have attracted scholars of many stripes who examine women in varied circumstances and contexts—as, for example, Southern plantation mistresses beset by war, enslaved black women seizing freedom during the war, Northern white women mobilizing relief and other services trying to ameliorate the war, and Southern white women memorializing their men to rewrite history after the war. Much of this work, however, has focused on women in a particular location or region, or of one class or race, or in a specific wartime or postwar activity. Not surprisingly, too, much of the literature has followed the lives and doings of women who left written accounts, giving them voice and also primacy in telling the stories of the women's war. What the scholarship has lacked is a work that pulls together the many histories we do know of particular women and experiences while also finding and relating those of women still on the margins of historical inquiries, such as poor white women. In The Women's Fight, a work stunning in its sweep and sobering in its argument, Thavolia Glymph has mined public and private records prodigiously and aggressively to make the case that the war was an all-consuming women's fight that affected every aspect of their, and thus too their men's, lives and defined the meanings of home, freedom, and nation for that generation and later ones. The brilliance and beauty of Glymph's book is her deft weaving of personal stories into a larger canvas showing how women of all classes, colors, and conditions caught up in war made their ways in it, but with no single response that fit all. The women's fight did not bring women together on the basis of sex as much as it often set them against one another, and even their men, based on their racial, class, regional, and family identity and interest. Thus, for example, Glymph follows plantation mistresses fleeing to the upcountry to avoid Union army advances and expecting the non-slaveholding women there to embrace them in common cause by sheltering and feeding them, when in fact class differences and circumstances separated the demanding expectations of the slaveholding women from the hardscrabble realities of the poor women. In that process too, as Glymph details, the rigors of being refugees reduced slaveholding women to begging and becoming more like those they enslaved as they scraped by for food and suffered for want of shelter. At the same time, enslaved black women seized the moment to run, walk, or otherwise move to "freedom," whether in contraband camps or setting up on [End Page 231] their own. But even as they asserted their freedom, most discovered the limits of it as Union officers and then Northern agents of freedmen's aid organizations set them to work on plantations and pushed them to dependences supposedly suitable for their sex, race, and former condition. Glymph points to the persistence of racial stereotypes even in the face of black women's genius and grit in surviving bondage and protecting their families, as, for example, in Northern white female teachers who patronized blacks as being almost hopelessly dehumanized by slavery and incapable of their own uplift, or Northern white women, from families that had gained their wealth from the profits of slavery, who sought to set themselves up as new plantation mistresses with black servants. These and many other examples of women experiencing war show at once the intersections of women's lives and the diversions and divisions of women's interests. Glymph also reveals how concepts of...

The Persistence of Slavery: An Economic History of Child Trafficking in Nigeria by Robin Phylisia Chapdelaine

Reviewed by: The Persistence of Slavery: An Economic History of Child Trafficking in Nigeria by Robin Phylisia Chapdelaine Christine Whyte The Persistence of Slavery: An Economic History of Child Trafficking in Nigeria. By Robin Phylisia Chapdelaine. Amherst and Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 2021. xiv + 238 pp. Cloth $ 90, paper $26.95. In this book, Robin Chapdelaine introduces a new conceptual framework—"the social economy of a child"—to help historians and others to understand how "children functioned as transmitters of wealth" (2–3). The book's introduction promises to detail "ongoing methods of appropriating children's bodies and their labor through the institutions of slavery, pawning, and child marriage" in the colonial period of the Bight of Biafra (2). While the focus is on the early twentieth century and the effects of British colonial rule, the first chapter sets the context in the last century of the transatlantic slave trade, using the biographies of two enslaved children, Olaudah Equiano and Peter Nicholls (27). This use of texts produced in adulthood to illuminate enslaved childhoods responds to Sánchez-Eppler's call to think through life-stage when working with slave narratives.1 This region was selected both because of the paucity of scholarship on childhood and because of the particular impact of colonial rule on politics and the economy. Colonial legislation deliberately excluded "canoe houses" (trading centers) from antislavery legislation in the early twentieth century, indirectly acknowledging the central role unfree labor played in systems of trade (37). Increasing integration into global commodity markets, exacerbated by a shift in agricultural production to the plantations of West Africa, especially for palm oil, increased labor demands (36). At the same time, new pressures of colonial rule, taxation, and the increasing corruption of provincial courts forced people to take desperate measures, including pawning their children to acquire cash. Governor-General Lugard's policies—which strengthened the powers of local courts—in tandem with the ballooning labor demands and the introduction of sterling and paper notes to replace the existing monetary system, [End Page 461] greatly increased slave-dealing in the southeastern region (57). Children were particularly vulnerable, as their parents and guardians "pawned" them to access cash to pay taxes and court fees. Pawning, once a relatively secure means of raising collateral, became increasingly risky, as pawned children were sold into slavery with relatively little hope for redress (59). The chapter on colonial policy brings out the ironies and contradictions between antislavery rhetoric and the realities of labor demands, building on and updating Lovejoy and Hogendorn's Slow Death for Slavery.2 The analysis of court case material is particularly compelling, offering both a broad view of the trends—widespread and frequent litigation over debts and contracts—and a microlens on individual cases, which show how debt, slavery, and child trafficking were intertwined (65–7). As well as the risk of being trafficked into slavery, pawned girls were sometimes retained as creditors' wives on nonpayment of a debt (80). This linkage between pawning, enslavement, and child marriage drew the attention of the successors of the Victorian prostitution abolition movement. Here the book combines the documentary evidence generated by various colonial enquiries into child pawning and marriage with oral history evidence collected in cooperation with Nigerian researchers. Discussion draws out some of the rituals and beliefs around pawning that reinforced the notion of it as a temporary state, from which parents or guardians would eventually redeem the children (95). The moral unacceptability of enslaving children, as opposed to pawning them, was emphasized by informants (97). This study of child trafficking launched from Chapdelaine's careful reading of the testimony taken after the 1929 Ogu Umunwaanyi (Women's War). In the accounts of Igbo women involved in the rebellion, the women highlighted threats to their children as a primary concern (109–10). It was these women who organized and orchestrated the revolt. The oral histories point to the initiative taken by the women, refuting prejudicial colonial notions that men must have played a leading role. Their testimonies provide rich detail on the hardships wrought by the imposition of direct taxation. Chapdelaine argues that the women of the 1929 Ogu Umunwaanyi were willing to fight...

Role of Afghan Women in War against British Ahmad Wali Alemi,

The presence of Afghan women in Afghan society in major national and local decision-making is faded and often marginalized. But they have a key role in the production and processing of resources that are unfortunately deprived of ownership. On the contrary, in issues such as conflict, Afghan women are present on the battlefields and stand on the train with their men in a single row, fighting with their enemies and defending their country. With the end of the war, their role does not end, but they are also involved in more serious decisions related to the war.One good example of this can be remembered in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, that Afghan women have played a key role in the solution of local conflicts in Afghan tribal society and, through the Jirga and the Soviets, have made peace with the warring factions and ultimately. Ends of strife, war, and hostility have become essential. Therefore, in this article, citing the archives and historical sources, efforts have been made to express the role of Afghan women in War against the British and to investigate their activities.

Stephanie McCurry. Women's War. Fighting and Surviving the American Civil War. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA)2019. xii, 297 pp. Ill. $26.95; £21.95; € 24.50.

Stephanie McCurry. Women's War. Fighting and Surviving the American Civil War. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA)2019. xii, 297 pp. Ill. $26.95; £21.95; € 24.50.

Women's War: Fighting and Surviving the American Civil War

Women's War: Fighting and Surviving the American Civil War

Minding and Mending the Gap

Minding and Mending the Gap Kelly J. Murphy A review of Good Queen Mothers, Bad Queen Mothers: The Theological Presentation of the Queen Mother in 1 and 2 Kings. By Ginny Brewer-Boydston. CBQMS 54. Pp. 232. Washington, DC: Catholic Biblical Association of America, 2016. Paper, $22.00. Reimagining Delilah's Afterlives as Femme Fatale: The Lost Seduction. By Caroline Blyth. LHBOTS 652. Pp. 198. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2017. Cloth, $114.00. and Women of War, Women of Woe: Joshua and Judges through the Eyes of Nineteenth Century Female Biblical Interpreters. Edited by Mary Ann Taylor and Christiana de Groot. Pp. 288. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2016. Paper, $35.00. 1. Introduction "Though power has always been Delilah's aphrodisiac," writes Ann Spangler, the Philistines "tempted her with something even more seductive—cold hard cash."1 And with that cash in hand, Spangler explains, Delilah betrays Samson. In Wicked Women of the Bible, Spangler recites (an embellished) version of Delilah's story in a chapter entitled "A Wicked Girlfriend." Out of its twenty chapters, nine feature female characters from the so-called Deuteronomistic History: Rahab, Deborah and Jael, Hannah and Peninnah, Michal, Abigail, the Medium of Endor, Bathsheba, and Jezebel. This list reflects what biblical readers have long [End Page 373] noted—the books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings include many stories of women, both named and unnamed.2 Moreover, Spangler follows an interpretive thread that runs throughout the world in front of these books: some of these women, like Delilah and Jezebel, are evil or wicked; others, women like Deborah, Hannah, and Abigail, are good (as in "wicked good" or "wicked smart").3 However, as others have noted, such binarizing tendencies distort these stories of women, which are often far less clear about whether they can easily be catalogued as "good" or "wicked." Even in the received text, sometimes framed by later editors to alert readers to how they should evaluate the ancient Israelites, the time period more broadly, or specific characters (e.g., "In those days there was no king in Israel; all the people did what was right in their own eyes"; "He did what was evil in the sight of the lord, walking in the way of Jeroboam and in the sin that he caused Israel to commit," etc.), the stories of many of these women are laced with lacunae. For example, in Judg 16:4–6, which we saw Spangler describe above, we read: After this [Samson] fell in love with a woman in the valley of Sorek, whose name was Delilah. The lords of the Philistines came to her and said to her, "Coax him, and find out what makes his strength so great, and how we may overpower him, so that we may bind him in order to subdue him; and we will each give you eleven hundred pieces of silver." So Delilah said to Samson, "Please tell me what makes your strength so great, and how you could be bound, so that one could subdue you." (NRSV) In these three verses, the events appear to take place quickly: Samson falls in love with a woman named Delilah, the Philistines come to her with a demand and promise money, and she asks Samson for his secret. We are not told how Delilah feels, whether the Philistines give her the "cold hard cash," or anything about Delilah's motivation, much less that "power has always been Delilah's aphrodisiac." As we will see in more detail below, these elements—along with others—are filled in by later readers. The three books reviewed here—Mary Ann Taylor and Christiana de Groot's Women of War, Women of Woe: Joshua and Judges through the Eyes of Nineteenth Century Female Biblical Interpreters, Ginny Brewer [End Page 374] Boydston's Good Queen Mothers, Bad Queen Mothers: The Theological Presentation of the Queen Mother in 1 and 2 Kings, and Caroline Blyth's Reimagining Delilah's Afterlives as Femme Fatale: The Lost Seduction—each ask their readers, implicitly or explicitly, to "mind the gaps" in biblical texts and/or in their interpretive and reception histories, especially with an eye toward the binarization of female characters.4...

Women in refuge: Syrian women voicing health sequelae due to war traumatic experiences and displacement challenges

ObjectiveThe Syrian war created a mass exodus of people to neighboring countries. Jordan hosts approximately 1.4 million Syrians who sought refuge and protection. This research represents an effort to understand the subjective narratives of Syrian refugee women's war traumatic experiences and displacement challenges while living in Jordan and the consequences on their physical and mental health. MethodsData gathered between March and June 2014 included 24 in-depth interviews with Syrian refugee women who sought services from humanitarian organizations in Jordan. Interviews were conducted in Arabic and were audio recorded. A team of four researchers translated and transcribed the interviews. Group narrative methodology was utilized to analyze the interviews. ResultsThe study suggests that Syrian refugee women experienced diverse war atrocities including shelling, loss of property, separation from family members, and threats to their lives and their beloved ones, among a few. In Jordan, they reported on multiple displacement challenges, which are perceived as a continuous traumatic experience, as well as somatization. Narratives of women also included sequelae to their physical and mental health due to such stressors. Barriers to obtaining physical and mental health services are discussed, including inadequate medical treatment, lack of mental health services, and stigma on mental health, which might be associated to somatization of mental illnesses. ConclusionIt is crucial that humanitarian organizations and host countries like Jordan bear the responsibility to enhancing accessibility to comprehensive trauma-focused physical and mental health services for Syrian refugees in a culturally and gender sensitive manner.

Trust but Verify: Myths and Misinformation in the History of Women War Correspondents

Journalists, historians, and other researchers know the value of primary sources, as well as the importance of treating any source with skepticism. We all know, too well, the saying “If your mother...

Women in War and Peace: Karen Women’s Political Participation during and after the Karen–Burma Ceasefire Accords

ABSTRACTThis article examines Karen women’s political participation in the Karen National Union (KNU) and in KNU-controlled towns and villages during three phases of the protracted Karen conflict in Burma/Myanmar – the guerrilla activity phase, the civil war phase and the ceasefire phase. It argues that two interrelated institutions – a participatory governance system and a politically autonomous women’s group – affect Karen women’s levels of political participation in their communities. The logic is that as the Karen conflict de-escalated from the civil war phase to the guerrilla activity phase, the KNU’s leadership, in response to deteriorating security conditions and outside pressure, was forced to accept greater civilian participation in governance that opened up the political space for Karen women to become politically active. This de-escalation process also meant that the KNU had fewer resources and lacked the institutional capacity to control the activities of the KNU-affiliated women’s group – the Karen Women’s Organisation. When the conflict de-escalated again after the KNU signed a ceasefire accord with the Burmese government in 2012, the terms of the ceasefire agreement in combination with an influx of non-governmental organisations created new avenues in which Karen women could participate in politics.