Women's Surnames Research Articles

PLACES AND NAMES IN ASŪNE PARISH IN THE CENSUS (“REVISION OF SOULS”) OF 1772

The aim of the article is to present the content of the census 1772 for Rēzekne District and show the possibilities it provides for research of the place names of certain areas. The chosen territory corresponds to Asūne parish as it was in 1935 and includes the contemporary Asūne and Ķepova parish, as well as partially Svariņi and Bērziņi parish. The results of 1772 census is the richest source of information about villages and inhabitants which belonged to the former Asūne half a manor and clergy house in 18th century. The documents describe 75 villages, 424 households and 4733 persons. Individual people are listed indicating each person’s name, surname (for adults), age, and position in the family or kinship (hosts, wives, children, other relatives, foster children, workers s. c.). Up to now it is also the oldest source, so broadly representing women's surnames in Asūne parish because they differ from their husbands' surnames. Most often a woman kept their father’s surname, but occasionally the surname was made of her father’s name or even of a place name. Thereby it becomes possible to observe the intense formation process of surnames and related place names in the 18th century. Noteworthy are the names and surnames that are rare or even have not survived to the present day, but the traces of such names are still preserved in place names and surnames, which in turn indicate newcomers from other parishes and even from Belarus. Geographical descriptions of villages contain also the names of 17 lakes and 11 rivers; most of them have kept their names until nowadays. Older forms of actual place names and several already disappeared names can be found there.For the analysis of the material options of Excel programs (structuring, selection the materials, extraction and processing of statistical data, graphic visualization) have been used. Cartographical methods have been employed to search for correlations between the village names and surnames. To acquire a better understanding of the results of the census 1772, these materials were compared with earlier 18th century census data, as well as with maps from various periods.

ERİL YARGIYA KARŞI KADININ SOYADI MÜCADELESİ ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ KARARLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

In this research, the issue of women's surname discussed in the context of gender inequality was examined in the framework of the Constitutional Court’s decisions of Argued No. 2009/85 and Decided No. 2011/49 and of Application No. 2013/2187. According to these decisions, The Constitutional Court decided that women who are married were not able to use their surname before marriage until 2014. After this date, it has changed its opinion and opened the way of using surname before marriage for the women who applied to the Constitutional Court by the way of individual communication. But, the jurisprudence change cannot put away the reality of that the jurisdiction has an attitude and a language based on the gender discrimination. Surname, is one of the rights strictly connected to the people and it is not possible to be changed by force. But, woman is forced to change her surname by marriage or divorce. This is a violation of women’s right. The question of gender inequality about woman’s surname seen in the judgement system, can be resolved if the jurisdiction puts away its patriarchal point of view and makes decisions which will ameliorate woman’s disadvantaged conditions, protect her rights against masculine dominance

A Mute Gospel. The People and Culture of the Medieval English Common Fields. By Sherri Olson (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2009. 242 pp. $75.00)

Studies of cultural, and to a certain extent, social history often tend to carry subjective character, resulting in subjective interpretations. The current study by Sherri Olson, dealing with the cultural life of two late-medieval parishes in Huntingdonshire, is one such recent example. In her monograph, Olson aims to “gain a more balanced view of medieval society by considering how peasants thought about themselves and their world as revealed in English manorial court rolls.” In a lengthy introduction (pp. 1–49), Olson exposes her methodology, key-questions, and concepts that serve her in her study of late-medieval village culture. In Chapter One (pp. 52–91), the author speaks of “ritual” and “performance” at local manorial courts, which turned into a “theatric arena”, during sessions. Chapter Two (pp. 92–123) deals with (mostly sur-)names, with a particular attention to women's surnames and the relation of the latter to the social status of their bearers. Olson concludes that surnames tended to be dynamic, changing over and sometimes within generations. In Chapter Three (pp. 124–148), Olson considers “pragmatic literacy” of Huntingdonshire peasants, their access to and reliance on contemporary Latin documents, which provided safeguards of their personal status. In Chapter Four (pp. 149–177), the author studies the history of trespasses (transgressiones, in Latin) from the late thirteenth until the late fourteenth centuries, showing dynamics of their nature and meaning and concluding that in the post-Black Death period, there was an increasing number of trespasses not only on the demesne, but also within the tenancy. In Chapter Five (pp. 178–200), Olson surveys the shift in naming landscape elements (fields, crofts, etc.), after the Black Death. She argues that after the pestilence, more and more villagers assigned their own surnames to the landscapes. In the conclusion (pp. 201–6), Olson reminds the reader that it is impossible to understand medieval peasants, unless we understand how they thought and acted.

North American Women's Surname Choice Based on Ethnicity and Self-Identification as Feminists

AbstractUsing empirical data gathered through surveys, this paper analyzes how surname choices of women residing in the United States — whether to acquire her spouse's surname or retain her birth surname — differ based on their ethnicity, age, and feminist self-identification. From a sample of 260 Black and White females, ages 16–70+, data were categorized for participants' responses to eight questions. Crosstabs were calculated to explore correlative patterns among participants for marital status, race/ethnicity, age, surname decision upon marriage, perception of feminists, and feminist orientation. The research reveals that women's self-identification as feminists are not direct predictors of their surname choices. Fully 81 percent of women surveyed, regardless of their ethnicity and age, reported that they did change or will change their surname upon marriage. Of the 19 percent of women who responded that they would retain their birth surname when married, only 14 percent identified themselves as feminists. This study leads to further questions about trends in naming choices and perceptions of feminism and feminist actions particularly among women aged 16–39.

The Legislative Process in Republican China: The 1930 Nationalist Family Law and the Controversy over Surnames for Married Women

This article investigates the legislative process that produced the 1930 Nationalist Family Law Book of the Republican Civil Code, focusing in particular on the debate over married women's surnames. In the accompanying discussion, Guomindang (GMD) lawmakers, legal experts, educators, women’s rights advocates, and others grappled in a remarkably open manner over how best to address the surname question in light of their concerns with Party consolidation, legal modernisation, gender equality, social stability, and individual identity. Although the outcome of the legislative process affirmed customary surname practices (albeit with progressive overtones), the process itself was uniquely radical, with participants thoroughly reevaluating one of the oldest and most fundamental patriarchal institutions in Chinese society. The legislative and post-legislative debate over surnames illuminates the Nanjing Decade as a singular transitional period in the history of Chinese law and gender during which law was subject to revision and amendment rather than orthodoxy, and GMD policy toward women was subject to deliberation rather than dictated by ideology.

The Legislative Process in Republican China: The 1930 Nationalist Family Law and the Controversy over Surnames for Married Women

This article investigates the legislative process that produced the 1930 Nationalist Family Law Book of the Republican Civil Code, focusing in particular on the debate over married women's surnames. In the accompanying discussion, Guomindang (GMD) lawmakers, legal experts, educators, women's rights advocates, and others grappled in a remarkably open manner over how best to address the surname question in light of their concerns with Party consolidation, legal modernisation, gender equality, social stability, and individual identity. Although the outcome of the legislative process affirmed customary surname practices (albeit with progressive overtones), the process itself was uniquely radical, with participants thoroughly reevaluating one of the oldest and most fundamental patriarchal institutions in Chinese society. The legislative and post-legislative debate over surnames illuminates the Nanjing Decade as a singular transitional period in the history of Chinese law and gender during which law was subject to revision and amendment rather than orthodoxy, and GMD policy toward women was subject to deliberation rather than dictated by ideology.

Ethnicity and Women's Courtesy Titles: A Preliminary Report

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have been conducted on attitudes toward Ms. and patterns of Ms.-use since its popularization in the 1970s, few of these studies have examined ethnicity as a variable in its use. The present paper reports on a new online survey of women's courtesy titles and surname choices, focusing on the ethnicity of respondents as a predictor of their likelihood of addressing a woman with Ms. As the data include residents of both Canada and the United States, the label 'Black' is used rather than 'African American', and 'White' is then used in place of 'Caucasian', in order to have parallel ethnic labels. Preliminary results suggest a difference between Whites and Blacks in terms of likelihood of using Ms., with Blacks tending to prefer the more traditional titles Miss and Mrs. at a higher rate than Whites. However, because of uneven cell sizes and the under-representation of some ethnic groups, statistical results must be treated with caution until further data are available.

Language Planning and Personal Naming in Lithuania

This paper deals with the issues of language planning and naming in Lithuania since the restoration of independence in 1990. The aim of the paper is to analyse the challenges of corpus planning with the focus on the use and standardisation of personal names. The paper first presents the historical context of the formation of names in Lithuania and then discusses the influence of other languages on the formation and structure of personal names. Also surveyed in the paper is the work on standardisation and usage of proper names carried out by the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language, which is the key state institution responsible for language status and corpus planning and which takes decisions on standard Lithuanian usage. The paper then looks at the traditional model and the new alternative model of women's surnames and the way these models reflect marital status. Finally, regulations on the spelling of foreign names in different types of texts are given, followed by a short summary of research on attitudes towards foreign names.

Making a Name: Women's Surnames at Marriage and Beyond

This paper tracks the fraction of college graduate women who kept their surnames upon marriage and after childbirth and explores some of the correlates of surname retention. Data from the New York Times, Harvard College alumni books, and Massachusetts birth records are used. Surname retention at marriage greatly increased from 1975 to about 1985 although Massachusetts birth records and the Harvard data show a decrease in the fraction keeping their surnames beginning around the early 1990s. The observable characteristics of importance in surname retention are those revealing that the bride has already “made a name” for herself.

Attitudes Toward Married Women's Surnames: Evidence from the American Midwest

AbstractMarried women who retain their given surnames are perceived very differently from married women who take their husbands' surnames. Moreover, the relative strengths of these perceptions vary according to the characteristics of the people who hold them. The perceptions and the ways in which they vary are examined in the light of corresponding culturally- and demographically-defined notions of societal norms.

Women's Surnames: Decisions, Interpretations and Associations with Relational Qualities

There has been little systematic empirical research to date concerning women's choices to change or keep their surnames upon marriage. This study of 110 women employs a dialectical perspective to explore women's decisions concerning their surnames. Specifically, we identify the issues involved in making this decision, examine associations between the surname chosen and relational qualities (satisfaction, love, commitment, intimacy) and interpret the meanings of the surname in association with meanings of marriage for these women. A combination of open-ended questions and scale measures was used. The results show that while name changers, name keepers and name combiners consider different issues when making their decisions, there are no significant differences in the three groups' relational characteristics. However, the meanings of marriage for these three groups clearly differ. The authors suggest avenues for further research.

Women's surnames and titles: Men's and women's views

This study extended research on women's surname choices and terms of address. Account of unmarried women and men were examined to identify factors and dialectical tensions in their reasoning about married women's surnames. Preferences for and meanings of women's titles, surname preferences for children, and perceptions concerning commitment and love were ascertained. Sex differences were found in the rationales for surname choice. Men and women preferred women and children to adopt male surnames and preferred married women use the title of Mrs. Men and women associated differing meanings with titles of Mrs. and Ms. Finally, men were more likely than women to associate a woman's surname choice with her love for, and commitment to, her partner.

Construction of a short-form of the scale of egalitarian sex role attitudes (SESRA-S)

This article describes the construction of a 15-item short-form of the Scale of Egalitarian Sex Role Attitudes (SESRA-S) based on factor analysis and examines the reliability and the validity of the short-form using data from a sample of 109 men and 93 women. SESRA-S is a self-report measure of the level of egalitarian attitudes toward the roles of men and women. Its reliability coefficient was .91, the test-retest coefficient with a four-week interval .89, and the correlation coefficient with the full form .94. These support the reliability of the short-form. Evidence of the construct validity was derived from the confirmation of five hypotheses regarding gender, educational attainment, women's employment status, age, and surname change after marriage. The findings of the present study provide evidence for the utility of the short-form as a satisfactory and time-efficient substitute for the SESRA full form.

The Opposition in Polish of Genus and Sexus in Women's Surnames

The Opposition in Polish of Genus and Sexus in Women's Surnames

Married women's surnames

Married women's surnames

Married women's surnames

Married women's surnames

Married women's surnames

Married women's surnames Get access F. Chance F. Chance 1Sydenham Hill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-VIII, Issue 190, 7 August 1889, Pages 129–131, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-VIII.190.129h Published: 17 August 1889

Married Women's surnames

Married Women's surnames

Married Women's surnames

Married Women's surnames

Married Women's surnames

Married Women's surnames