Status Of Women Research Articles

Features of the Legal Status of Women in the Traditional Society of the Peoples of the Caucasus of the 18th and 19th Centuries

Features of the Legal Status of Women in the Traditional Society of the Peoples of the Caucasus of the 18th and 19th Centuries

The effect of pregnant women's status of receiving preconception care on pregnancy stress.

In the study, we aimed to determine the effect of pregnant women's status of receiving preconception care on their pregnancy stress. This is a descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional design study, we were conducted with the participation of 409 pregnant women between June-December 2019. The Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale total score mean was found to be 30.72 ± 20.26. Individuals who received medication and vitamins as part of preconceptional care had significantly higher scores (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) compared to those who did not receive them for total pregnancy stress, postpartum social support, infant health, and infant identity-care stress. Similarly, individuals who received medical treatment and regular checkups had significantly higher scores (p < 0.05) compared to those who did not for total pregnancy stress, postpartum social support, infant identity-care, body image and psychological state during pregnancy stress scores. In addition, individuals who maintained a healthy lifestyle had significantly higher scores (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) compared to others for infant health, infant identity-care, and psychological distress during pregnancy. It was determined that women who made preparations for their pregnancy experienced more stress related to their babies (baby's health, baby's identity and care), psychological status in pregnancy, prenatal and postnatal social support, and body image.

Women's status, empowerment, and utilization of skilled delivery services in Papua New Guinea: an empirical analysis based on structural equation modeling.

Skilled birth attendants (SBA) facilitate identifying and overcoming labor problems and saving lives. With one of the highest maternal death rates in the Asia-Pacific area, SBA utilization during childbirth among Papua New Guinea (PNG) women remains low. Women's status and empowerment are important factors in maternal and child health services and critical to maternal and child health development. This study is intended to apply structural equation modeling based on data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) to evaluate the causal relationship between women's status, empowerment, and SBA utilization in PNG and the mechanisms of their influence. This study employed data from the 2016-2018 Papua New Guinea Demographic Health Survey (PNG DHS), which recruited 18,175 women aged 15-49 years. A multi-stage sample and a structured questionnaire were used to collect information on maternal health, women's empowerment, and related topics. STATA 17.0 was used to describe the data, while MPLUS 8.2 was employed for structural equation modeling and pathway analysis. The two empowerment dimensions of household decision-making (standardized path coefficient, β = 0.049, p < 0.05) and access to health services (β = 0.069, p < 0.01) were positively associated with SBA utilization, while the association between attitudes toward partner violence and SBA utilization was not statistically significant. In addition, mediation analysis revealed that education indirectly influenced SBA utilization through access to health services (β = 0.011, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.022). The findings confirmed the direct and indirect effects of women's status and empowerment on SBA utilization in PNG. Therefore, a call for further evidence-based interventions in PNG and possibly Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS) is needed to improve women's educational attainment, household decision-making, and access to health services to enhance maternal and newborn health and well-being.

Shackled by double disadvantage? Gender, segregation and immigrants’ occupational attainments

The aim of the article was to determine whether immigrant women's occupational status reflect a double disadvantage in comparison to immigrant men and inborn women and how patterns are formed by occupational segregation. The study utilised register data for descriptive comparisons of the immigrant and inborn populations in Sweden ( n ≈ 4,900,000). Regression analyses were performed on nationally representative surveys of the immigrant ( n ≈ 2600) and total ( n ≈ 3200) labour force. The results do not support the notion of a double disadvantage. In the immigrant population, only women with primary/secondary education have jobs with lower average prestige than men, reflecting the fact that women are clustered in female-dominated occupations. Among immigrants with higher education, the gender gap is reversed, and men's disadvantage is explained by ethnic segregation. Compared to Swedish-born individuals, prestige gaps are substantially larger for men. After accounting for segregation, the gap is closed among women but not among men.

The effect of level of anxiety about climate change on the use of feminine hygiene products.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between women's menstrual hygiene product use and their level of concern around climate change as well as to identify the variables influencing this relationship. In all, 978 women between the ages of 18 and 49 who were of reproductive age participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The CHERRIES criteria were followed in conducting the online survey. Data were gathered using the "personal information form" and the Climate Change Anxiety Scale for Women's Health The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression. Women were more prone to using throwaway goods than eco-friendly, sanitary goods when their climate change worry level was lower. Age, education level, region of residence, and the intensity of menstrual bleeding have an impact on the hygiene products used during the menstrual cycle, whereas environmental pollution in the area of residence and a woman's allergy status have an impact on the level of climate change anxiety concerning a woman's health. Women who are worried about how climate change will affect their health prefer to purchase sustainable/eco-friendly items. Starting in adolescence, women can receive advice about the use of sustainable products from health experts who are primarily responsible for women's health.

It Takes a Village: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Preparing Internal Medicine Residents to Care for Patients at the Intersection of Women's Health, Gender-Affirming Care, and Health Disparities.

Objective: To create an interdisciplinary curriculum to teach key topics at the intersection of women's health, gender-affirming care, and health disparities to internal medicine (IM) residents. Materials and Methods: A core team of faculty from IM, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Surgery partnered with faculty and fellows from other disciplines and with community experts to design and deliver the curriculum. The resulting curriculum consisted of themed half-day modules, each consisting of three to four inter-related topics, updated and repeated on an ∼3-year cycle. Health equity was a focus of all topics. Module delivery used diverse interactive learning strategies. Modules have been presented to ∼175 residents annually, beginning in 2015. To assess the curriculum, we used formative evaluation methods, using primarily anonymous, electronic surveys, and collected quantitative and qualitative data. Most surveys assessed resident learning by quantifying residents' self-reported comfort with skills taught in the module pre- and postsession. Results: Of 131 residents who completed an evaluation in 2022/23, 121 (90%) "somewhat" or "strongly" agreed with their readiness to perform a range of skills taught in the module. In all previous years where pre- and postsurveys were used to evaluate modules, we observed a consistent meaningful increase in the proportion of residents reporting high levels of comfort with the material. Residents particularly valued interactive teaching methods, and direct learning from community members and peers. Conclusion: Our interdisciplinary curriculum was feasible, valued by trainees, and increased resident learning. The curriculum provides a template to address equity issues across a spectrum of women's and gender-affirming care conditions that can be used by other institutions in implementing similar curricula.

Commercial Surrogacy and the Status of Women: A Care Ethical Discussion

Commercial Surrogacy and the Status of Women: A Care Ethical Discussion

Reasons for the Low Percentage of Female Executives in Asian Workplaces

The underrepresentation of women in executive positions within the Asian workplace has garnered significant attention and concern within social circles. Despite the substantial economic advancements witnessed throughout Asia in recent years, there persists a prevalent issue concerning the limited status and participation of women inside the workforce. This study aims to examine the causes contributing to the underrepresentation of women in executive positions, specifically focusing on political, educational, and socio-cultural aspects. The research will employ various methods, including literature analysis, data comparison, and exposition. The examination and comparison of data from other foreign countries provide more evidence to support the notion that there remains potential for enhancement in the representation of female CEOs within the Asian workplace. The research presented in this paper aims to highlight the complexity of the issue surrounding women's low status and limited participation in the workplace. It emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts from all sectors of society to address this problem. The study specifically focuses on the social factors contributing to the low proportion of female executives in the Asian workplace. Enhancing the status and engagement of women, as well as attaining gender equality within the workplace, can be facilitated by implementing various strategies. These include challenging conventional mindsets, expanding educational and professional prospects for women, optimizing corporate frameworks and decision-making processes, and advocating for the establishment and enforcement of policies and legislation pertaining to gender parity.

The Influence of Confucian Cultural Values on the Social Roles of Contemporary Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Women

The background of the research is based on the problems and dilemmas faced by women in modern East Asian society. The research investigated how Confuciuss thoughts put social constraints on women in China, Japan, and South Korea because of their gender through the content of the books and the derived meaning of folk while looking at the ideological transformation of women in society to resist these regulations. People in those societies are often disciplined by thousands of years of traditional etiquette, hence the conflict between self-consciousness and cultural oppression brought about by Confucianism becomes an important topic among East Asian scholars. The paper aims to show how the Confucius norms build on the fixed gender role in different ways and analyze the social oppression of East Asian women, with the resistance and struggle that women are making in these countries. Hence a better understanding of the progress of women's rights in East Asian countries and the role of women in society. The significance of the paper is that it makes up the research gap on how Confucian culture oppresses women's social status and uses realistic scenes while demonstrating the transformation of women's self-consciousness under these regulations in a chronological sequence.

Determinants of Sexual Health Status of Menopausal Women in Osun State, Nigeria.

This study aimed to assess sexual health status and associated factors in menopausal women. The study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional design. It included 420 menopausal women aged 40-65 years from Ilesa West Local Government Area of Osun State. A structured questionnaire was used, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean age of the study respondents was 54.74 ± 5.49 years. A little over half (52.4%) of the respondents exhibited good sexual health status, whereas 47.6% had poor sexual health status. Logistic regression analysis revealed that lack of financial resources (P = 0.01; odds ratio [OR], 4.00; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.45-11.02), loss of partner (P = 0.01; OR, 9.18; 95% CI, 2.89-29.09), and limited communication with partner (P = 0.01; OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.51-6.46) were predictors of poor sexual health status. This study provides insight into the determinants of the sexual health status of menopausal women, which may help health care providers and policymakers develop effective strategies to improve the sexual health of menopausal women.

On the Status of Women in the “Homeric Hymns” and the Reasons for It

On the Status of Women in the “Homeric Hymns” and the Reasons for It

The Status of Women within the Maritime Sector

The Status of Women within the Maritime Sector

Status of Women in the Songs of Sangam Feminist Poets

It is known through the Sangam literature that people divided their lives into internal and external during the Sangam period. It is necessary to know the status of women in this kind of life. It can be explained that women did not cross the sea in earlier times. At the same time, it is also worth noting that the women poets of the Sangam period were able to speak and appeal to the king with right. In this way, this review aims to describe the status of women during the Sangam period.

Current khat (Catha edulis F.) use among Ethiopian women and its association with anemia and underweight: A cross-sectional analysis from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.

Chewing fresh leaves of Catha edulis (khat) is a popular pastime activity among Ethiopians where 12% women chew it. Reports show that khat use has been associated with poor nutritional status. This study aimed to determine whether khat chewing is linked to underweight and anemia. We analyzed data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). The EDHS used two stage stratified cluster sampling to collected data from 16,650 households. We used data from a total of 15,683 respondents and 1904 respondents who chewed ever chewed khat in their lives. We used Pearson's chi-square, and logistic regression while stratifying by residence (urban vs rural) to control for confounders. Our results indicated 10.7% (95%CI: 10.92,11.26) of women chewed khat for an average of 16.5 days in the previous month. A woman's current khat chewing status was significantly associated with age, educational level, region, religion, wealth group, and marital status. Women aged 40-44 were significantly more likely to chew (AOR = 2.89,) compared to those aged 15-19. Compared with Protestant women, Muslim women were 210 times more likely (AOR = 210, 95% CI 102,435.7) to chew and women in the poorest wealth quintile had 73% higher odds (AOR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.22,2.44) of chewing khat when compared with the richest. Anemia was not associated with a woman's chewing status, whereas rural women who chewed khat for more than 26 days in a month had a 78% increased risk (OR = 1.78) of being underweight when compared to non-chewers. Khat chewing is associated with sociodemographic factors and current khat use is associated with a higher risk of underweight among women living in rural areas. Implementing targeted awareness campaigns for women about the risks of khat chewing is recommended.

A Five-Decade Journey of Women Dynamics in Global Agriculture

Women play a vital and indispensable role in the advancement of agriculture. Women's participation in agriculture varies significantly across different regions, both in terms of their role and level of engagement. This study used the SPAR-4-SLR framework as a methodological approach to improve the thoroughness and comprehensiveness of the literature assessment over the past 50 years. The previous studies were lag to use R software to ensure an organized investigation of agricultural women's perspectives from 1974 to 2024. This methodology enables a comprehensive and measurable evaluation of research patterns, frequencies of keywords, and contributions from various countries, with citation analysis providing a more empirical understanding of the topic. The study investigates the relationship between gender relations, women's status, and employment in relation to the social, economic, demographical, and technical components of agricultural development across globe. There was less research on examining the allocation of available resources, decision-making capacities, and obstacles to the adoption of technology. The Europe and the United States of America adopted Industry 5.0 in agriculture, whereas research on other countries are spares. Researchers rarely investigate themes such as gender inequity, women's empowerment in rural areas, food security, alternative agriculture, and agriculture diversification in countries like India, Uganda, Malawi, and Bangladesh. The future research questions aim to promote women's empowerment and attain sustainable development in developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. The methodological approach, analysis tools, and comprehensive, nuanced exploration of the multifaceted role of women in agriculture and related fields across different global contexts anchor the novelty.

Figure of Socio-Economic Status, Participation and Empowerment of Women in Decision Making Process: Context Sirajganj Municipal Area of Bangladesh

Bangladesh gained independence on 16 December 1971. Since independence till date, the government has taken various steps to empower women. Despite all these efforts, the economic structure of women’s decision-making process has not yielded the desired results. The main reason is that women’s decisions are not valued in any family, social, political, or economic field. In the present study, we have analyzed the socio-economic status of women and their empowerment in decision-making. In doing so, we look at women’s age, religion, education, occupation, marital status, family status, maintenance, household expenses, adoption, children’s education, property rights, property buying and selling, house building, housework, and health and nutrition.

Financial Inclusion Practice and the Status of Rural Women in Family: Based on a Field Survey in Gansu China

Financial Inclusion Practice and the Status of Rural Women in Family: Based on a Field Survey in Gansu China

Conceptual framework on barriers and facilitators to implementing perinatal mental health care and treatment for women: the MATRIx evidence synthesis.

Perinatal mental health difficulties can occur during pregnancy or after birth and mental illness is a leading cause of maternal death. It is therefore important to identify the barriers and facilitators to implementing and accessing perinatal mental health care. Our research objective was to develop a conceptual framework of barriers and facilitators to perinatal mental health care (defined as identification, assessment, care and treatment) to inform perinatal mental health services. Two systematic reviews were conducted to synthesise the evidence on: Review 1 barriers and facilitators to implementing perinatal mental health care; and Review 2 barriers to women accessing perinatal mental health care. Results were used to develop a conceptual framework which was then refined through consultations with stakeholders. Pre-planned searches were conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo and CINAHL. Review 2 also included Scopus and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. In Review 1, studies were included if they examined barriers or facilitators to implementing perinatal mental health care. In Review 2, systematic reviews were included if they examined barriers and facilitators to women seeking help, accessing help and engaging in perinatal mental health care; and they used systematic search strategies. Only qualitative papers were identified from the searches. Results were analysed using thematic synthesis and themes were mapped on to a theoretically informed multi-level model then grouped to reflect different stages of the care pathway. Review 1 included 46 studies. Most were carried out in higher income countries and evaluated as good quality with low risk of bias. Review 2 included 32 systematic reviews. Most were carried out in higher income countries and evaluated as having low confidence in the results. Barriers and facilitators to perinatal mental health care were identified at seven levels: Individual (e.g. beliefs about mental illness); Health professional (e.g. confidence addressing perinatal mental illness); Interpersonal (e.g. relationship between women and health professionals); Organisational (e.g. continuity of carer); Commissioner (e.g. referral pathways); Political (e.g. women's economic status); and Societal (e.g. stigma). These factors impacted on perinatal mental health care at different stages of the care pathway. Results from reviews were synthesised to develop two MATRIx conceptual frameworks of the (1) barriers and (2) facilitators to perinatal mental health care. These provide pictorial representations of 66 barriers and 39 facilitators that intersect across the care pathway and at different levels. In Review 1 only 10% of abstracts were double screened and 10% of included papers methodologically appraised by two reviewers. The majority of reviews included in Review 2 were evaluated as having low (n = 14) or critically low (n = 5) confidence in their results. Both reviews only included papers published in academic journals and written in English. The MATRIx frameworks highlight the complex interplay of individual and system level factors across different stages of the care pathway that influence women accessing perinatal mental health care and effective implementation of perinatal mental health services. These include using the conceptual frameworks to inform comprehensive, strategic and evidence-based approaches to perinatal mental health care; ensuring care is easy to access and flexible; providing culturally sensitive care; adequate funding of services; and quality training for health professionals with protected time to do it. Further research is needed to examine access to perinatal mental health care for specific groups, such as fathers, immigrants or those in lower income countries. This trial is registered as PROSPERO: (R1) CRD42019142854; (R2) CRD42020193107. This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR 128068) and is published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 12, No. 2. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.

Investigation of Factors Related to Stillbirth.

The stillbirth rate is among the most important indicators of access to and quality of care during pregnancy. This study investigated the factors related to the stillbirth rate in the Yazd province, Iran. The current research is descriptive and cross-sectional and the results of Shahdieh city cohort study which was conducted on 4756 women were used. Data related to the history of stillbirth, demographic characteristics, fertility history and, various female diseases were extracted from the results of the cohort study. The result shows that 7.2% of studied women had a history of stillbirth. Among the multiple variables, predictor variables including education level, marriage age, age of the first conception, number of children, consanguineous marriage, Employment status, and diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and history of depression had a significant relationship with a history of stillbirth (P ≤ .05). The stillbirth rate in Shahedieh is high compared to the global stillbirth Rate, but it is comparable with the stillbirth Rate in Yazd province. Although Yazd province, as one of the industrial hubs of Iran, has relatively acceptable indicators of income, employment, and medical and health facilities and welfare compared to other provinces, this study showed that factors such as diabetes, hypertension, low level of women's education, consanguineous marriage, and women's employment status and social welfare can affect Stillbirth Rate.

Variability in Reproductive Choices: A Comprehensive Analysis of Women's Working Status and Fertility Behavior in Pakistan.

The relationship between women's working status and fertility behavior has been a topic of interest for researchers and policymakers. The societal shifts over time, particularly the increasing participation of women in the workforce, have transformed traditional roles. Women, once primarily perceived as caregivers, are now assuming roles of economic independence. This transformation prompts a re-evaluation of the traditional association between women's working status and fertility behavior. This study aims to investigate the impact of women's working status on fertility behavior using a multistage stratified sampling design. A total of 408 women aged 15 to 49 years were recruited from 2 strata: working and non-working women. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and generalized additive models were used for in-depth analysis of the dataset. An examination of fertility patterns indicates that, on average, working women bear 2.90 live children, while their non-working counterparts have an average of 3.52 children. Stillbirth was reported in 13% of housewives and 15.1% of working women. However, further analysis revealed that the relationship between women's employment status and fertility behavior varied depending on Social and Cultural Norms, Reproductive Rights, Workplace Policies, Economic Independence, Age, and Life Stage. Our findings suggest that promoting access to family-friendly policies and services, as well as challenging gender norms and cultural values, could help address the impact of women's employment on fertility behavior.