Women's Social Rights Research Articles

Tangis Bundo Kanduang: Sub-Altern Perempuan Minang dalam Tradisi Bajapuik di Pariaman

The Bajapuik tradition describes the ongoing process of patriarchal ideological hegemony in social relations, in which the interests of the male community as a superior class are hidden, and the social rights of women as members of society are suppressed. This is a portrait of the process of gender discrimination. In the case of the bajapuik tradition, no matter how high the achievements of women and no matter The bajapuik tradition describes the ongoing process of patriarchal ideological hegemony in social relations, in which hidden the interests of the male community as a superior class, there is a suppression of women's social rights as members of society. This is a portrait of the occurrence of the process of gender discrimination. In the case of bajapuik tradition, no matter how high the achievements of women and how high the intellectual qualities of women still cannot raise their social status on par with men. This article wants to know how the struggle between customary tradition and Islamic law occurred in the Bajapuik tradition in Pariangan. Through qualitative research, it was concluded that the debate between adat and sharia in Minangkabau, adat always emerged as the main winner, especially in terms of bajapuik marriage. Sharia principles that emphasize women's rights are often left behind by customary domination. In the name of respect for custom, the bajapuik tradition increasingly provides greater benefits to the male side.how high the intellectual quality of women still cannot elevate their social status to equal with men

Understanding Contemporary Africa, Peter J. Schraeder, ed.

Reviewed by: Understanding Contemporary Africa ed. by Peter J. Schraeder Yusuf Sholeye BOOK REVIEW of Schraeder, Peter J., ed. 2020. Understanding Contemporary Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. 478 pp. $32.50 (paperback). Africa's colonial and postcolonial experiences shaped the trends of sociopolitical and economic events within the continent throughout the twentieth century. Similarly, challenges encountered by Africans in the twenty-first century, such as recurring famines and droughts in East Africa, the activities of insurgent groups in the Sahel region, and the surge in population, will influence the continent's future. Thus, in fourteen chapters, Understanding Contemporary Africa examines how past and contemporaneous events have determined the course of sociopolitical and economic development in Africa by analyzing the peculiarity of the continent's geography, political economy, international relations, and cultural practices and their effects on Africans. Each chapter is outlined in a varied narrative style, but this interdisciplinary approach provides a unique insight into how scholars from different disciplines analyze various sociopolitical and economic issues. In chapter 10, "Family and Kinship," through the lens of an anthropologist, Barbara G. Hoffman discusses how Christianity facilitated the course of sociocultural changes among the Masai and the impact of Islam on the evolution of traditional gender roles in Mali. In contrast, through the periscope of a political economist, in chapter 7, Jeffrey Paller's "Population and Urbanization" critiques the evolution of Africa's cities. He examines how different phenomena, such as colonialism, civil war, sprawling slums, overpopulation, and climate change, have influenced the transformation of Lagos, Harare, and Douala into megacities and the challenges encountered there. Each chapter focuses on a unique set of thematic issues while providing a thorough understanding of how events intertwine with one another. For instance, chapter 3, Thomas O'Toole and Kirstie Lynn Dobbs's "The Historical Context," painstakingly delineates the sociopolitical and economic structure of precolonial and colonial African society. This background reinforces the analysis of contemporary events in Peter J. Schraeder's "Politics" and "International Relations" in chapters 4 and 6, respectively. Against this backdrop, Schraeder examines the courses of political evolution in Africa and how internal and external factors facilitate and hinder the prospects of sociopolitical and economic development. Compared to O'Toole and Dobbs's chapter, Schraeder's chapters depict change and continuity in different parts of the continent. [End Page 264] Gretchen Bauer's "Roles of Women" and Marc Epprecht's "LGBTIQ Rights," chapters 11 and 12, respectively, intertwine with each other. Both chapters analyze how sociopolitical and economic challenges during the precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial period determined women's social rights and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and queer rights in different parts of the continent. Both authors agree that international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have consistently campaigned for sociopolitical and economic equality and recognition of minority groups in Ghana, Uganda, South Africa, and Namibia. The paradoxical views of some scholars in Understanding Contemporary Africa underline the analysis of issues examined in each chapter. For instance, Michael Kevane's "Economies and Development" envisages that the restrictive health measures implemented by different health authorities while containing the spread of COVID-19 would affect Africa's political economy, yet the growth of Africa's population and the prospects of the continent's cities such as Lagos, Douala, and Nairobi challenge his predictions. The population of Nairobi and Abidjan will exceed 10 million by 2040. The transformation of these cities into megacities will add to their importance. Paller's "Population and Urbanization" acknowledges the prospects of African cities while noting that rising social inequality, intractable crime rates, and climate change are among the challenges that confront the people of these cities. The availability of a viable health system would increase the productivity and life expectancy of the populace within these emerging megacities; however, achieving this feat is hindered by inadequate funding of the health sector, a lackluster attitude toward health issues, overdependency on medical foreign assistance, and corruption. Amy S. Patterson's chapter on "Public Health" underlines these problems, which affect the development of different sectors in African society. Similarly, in chapter 9, Garth A. Myers's "Environmental Challenges" highlights the causes of the environmental crisis. These include climate change, the extraction of natural resources...

Workers' attitudes toward women managers: evidence from Vietnam

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to investigate personality-related antecedents of Vietnamese workers' attitudes toward female managers, which subsequently predicted workers' judgments of them.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a factorial experiment to examine participants' general attitudes toward women's rights and roles and their particular attitudes toward female managers in the workplace. Vietnamese workers (N = 159) were randomly assigned to experimental conditions of manager performance and completed a post-test questionnaire. This study also qualitatively explored participants' observations of any gender stereotypes in the workplace.FindingsFindings demonstrated that participants' gender, general attitudes toward women's social rights and roles, and internal work locus of control positively predicted their attitudes toward female managers. Qualitative findings showed perceived gender-based egalitarianism in the workplace, but women's leadership qualities were barely recognized.Originality/valueThis study is the first to utilize a mixed-method approach to assess Vietnamese workers' attitudes, contributing to the literature on attitudes toward both women in general and women in management in Asia generally and in Vietnam in particular.

Preliminary Study on Protection of Women’s Social Rights in Prevention of Domestic Violence in Malaysia

Recently, there has been an increase in cases of domestic violence in Malaysia especially during the enforcement of the Movement Control Order (MCO) following the Covid-19 pandemic. Domestic violence in Malaysia is include physical, sexual, emotional, economic or psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. Therefore, understanding the current Malaysian and International policy/framework is crucial in protecting women's social rights in preventing domestic violence. Hence, using qualitative methods of research that include content analysis, this paper would also analyse the challenges in the implementation of the current policy or framework in protecting women's social rights in preventing domestic violence in Malaysia. The research finds that, although there are many policies/frameworks provided by international and Malaysian law to prevent the issues of domestic violence towards women, however, the case still increases and women continuously suffer as victims of domestic violence. Therefore, it is suggested that the Government improve the effectiveness of the available mechanisms and frameworks so that women will realise their rights, responsibilities and protection available to them, as well as overcome the problem of domestic violence in Malaysia.

Ensuring Women's Social Rights is a Factor in Poverty Reduction

The article analyzes the need to improve guarantees of women's rights to education, labor and social protection as a factor in reducing poverty, simplifying the procedure for granting benefits to women, as well as the relevance of introducing a procedure for assessing leaders on women's issues.

Woman in the security and defense sector: harmony of professional and personal life

The author has outlined the main violations of women's rights in Ukraine, including in the security and defense sector. The author emphasizes that the process of introducing gender equality in the security sector of Ukraine has certain specifics. The author has identified the impact of armed conflicts on men and women and the main problematic issues that arise in the work of women law enforcement officers and affect her "self-concept". The main problems that occur in the professional environment of law enforcement include the following: service relationships in the "vertical" and "horizontal", competition between women and men, identity crisis. The main international documents that enshrine the equal rights of women and men, and areas for strengthening the role of women in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are analyzed. The main problems that cause gender imbalance in military service include: the presence of gender and corporate stereotypes, insufficient regulation of administrative and living conditions, restrictions on women's social rights in compliance with current legislation on motherhood and childhood, the prohibitionof certain military professions for women , the lack of equal rights when entering military service at the stage of choosing education, the limited list of military positions to which women servicemen may be appointed, the difference in the status positions of servicemen-men and women during the change of service military service, different order of execution of punishments assigned to female servicemen and male servicemen. In order to achieve the principle of work-life balance, the author has recommended to consider five important aspects of life: health, relationships, career, self-improvement, leisure.

The Embodiment and Analysis of Feminism in Literature Translation

Chinese culture has been accumulated for five thousand years, and with the development of social civilization, the door of literature has opened to the world. In recent years, feminism has been extremely prominent in literature, and it has been welcomed and respected by the majority of people. In addition, under the influence of various cultural factors, translation has become an indispensable way of writing. The so-called feminism refers to women's social rights and their opinions in society. With the advancement of science, feminism has been widely used by many countries in the world. In the last century, feminist translation theory was regarded as the mainstream translation at that time. It provided room for translation work. At the same time, it also had a certain impact on traditional translation theories. Nowadays, the development of science has entered a new era of information network. Feminist translation theory has become an important basis for translation work. At the same time, the application of feminist theory in literary works is systematically analyzed to enable women’s social status and personality values been enhanced in literary works, thus highlighting the positive image of women.

On the Women Social Rights Legislative Regulation in the Kyrgyz Republic

The article analyzes legislations regulating women social rights, noted that there are certain restrictions in the legislation. The rights caused by the lack of registration, mainly related to social or economic rights are: the right to work, the right to own and dispose of property, the right to social security, and the right to medical care. Legislative norms, social rights, marriage, family relations, divorce, reproductive health, economic rights and domestic violence explained. Research methods were based on the Legislative norms overview in the Kyrgyz Republic Law, and literature analyses.

Social-structural indices and between-nation differences in HIV prevalence

Research emphasises the role that social structures play in shaping national HIV prevalence. This study examined how social, economic, and political contexts that may represent the confluence of individual capabilities and environmental affordances or constraints are associated with national HIV prevalence. Based on social-ecological perspectives, we examined social-structural dimensions in relation to national HIV prevalence. The study identified six publicly available nation-level social, political, and economic indices and examined their associations with national 2009 HIV prevalence across 225 nations. National indices, (a) education expenditures, (b) unemployment rate, (c) homicide rate, (d) freedom of religion, and (e) women's social rights, altogether explained 43% of the variability in national HIV prevalence. Education expenditures, homicide rate, and freedom of religion were significant predictors of national HIV prevalence in the multivariate analysis. The present study identified nation-level factors that capture social, economic, and political contexts to explain between-nation differences in HIV prevalence. Findings extend current literature on the social-structural foundation of HIV-risk and the relationship between human rights and health. National safeguards that afford individuals the power to promote general quality of life and protection from structural violence may be most important to lowering overall rates of HIV transmission.

The CEDAW Effect: International Law's Impact on Women's Rights

Evidence of demonstrable, positive effects for the United Nations’ international human rights treaties has generally eluded researchers. However, the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) has a statistically significant and positive effect on women's rights, even when other key factors are controlled. This result is counterintuitive, given that CEDAW's enforcement mechanisms were initially weaker than other human rights treaties. Furthermore, women's rights are implicated in deeply ingrained cultural systems that are difficult to change. This article confirms CEDAW's positive effects, finding that they are robust but not uniform. They are most pronounced for women's political rights, somewhat less pronounced for women's social rights, and absent for women's economic rights. Several possible counterexplanations for CEDAW's effects are tested but garner little support. We conclude by offering alternative hypotheses for CEDAW's effects that focus on the internal dynamics ratification may trigger within individual countries.

International Women's Convention, Democracy, and Gender Equality

ObjectiveThis article empirically investigates the impact of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) on women's rights.MethodBy measuring commitments to CEDAW based on reservations made by states, this article tests whether the convention enhances women's economic, social, and political rights.ResultsUsing panel data for up to 147 countries for the period of 1981–2007, my findings suggest that CEDAW improves women's social rights advocating changes in cultural practice toward gender equality and this effect is conditional on the level of democracy of a member state. However, the joint effect of CEDAW and democracy does not seem to create any significant impact on women's political and economic rights, nor does CEDAW or democracy alone affect any dimension of women's rights.ConclusionThese results indicate that collaborative efforts between international law and domestic institution are crucial to promoting gender equality.

Du RMI (et de l'API) au RSA, les droits sociaux des femmes à l'épreuve des politiques d'activation des allocataires de minima sociaux

Résumé Cet article interroge la prise en compte du genre dans les minima sociaux qu’étaient l’API et le RMI ainsi que dans les dispositifs d’activation des allocataires qui se sont mis en place à partir de la fin des années 1990 jusqu’à la généralisation en 2009 du RSA. Repartant de la diversité des régimes de protection sociale et des modes d’accès des femmes aux droits sociaux, il analyse la manière dont se sont mis en place l’API et le RMI dans un système valorisant les solidarités familiales traditionnelles. Le mouvement d’activation des allocataires de minima sociaux, qui mise sur les incitations individuelles au retour à l’emploi à partir de dispositifs familialisés, apparaît ambivalent au regard des droits sociaux des femmes et insuffisant à lever les freins non monétaires à leur retour à l’emploi.

The Impact of Domestic and Transnational Conditions

As global society has observed the rise of women's rights and their development in a context of globalization, much research has focused on the conditions under which women's rights are acquired (e.g., Fallon 2003; Ferree 2006; Viterna and Fallon 2008). These include domestic conditions, such as democratization, economic development, and women's representation in national politics, as well as transnational conditions, such as neoliberal restructuring and transnational women's movements. Most studies, however, focus merely on one dimension of women's rights or explore one case in depth. Few studies compare cases of women's rights cross-nationally or longitudinally. This limitation can create much confusion in determining the factors that are influential or negligible for women's rights. By replicating and extending a recently published article focusing on women's social rights (Yoo 2011), I seek to distinguish the factors that are more and less influential in explaining women's political, economic, and social rights globally.

Re(gion)alizing Women's Human Rights in Latin America

Between 1993 and 2000, nearly every democracy in Latin America passed a law prohibiting domestic violence. Between 2001 and 2006, five countries strengthened their legislation, and Brazil passed its first law. What explains these advances with respect to women's rights? While other work has focused on domestic or international factors, this article brings to light the role of the region. It reveals that the two inter-American women's rights organizations have been active in both establishing regional norms and promoting their national adoption and implementation. While this suggests that regional governance can promote women's social rights, there is no automatic institutionalization of these norms. Case studies on Chile and Brazil illustrate the impact of national context.