Women SHGs Research Articles

Examining the effect on income, awareness, employment and financial aid through women SHGs

Examining the effect on income, awareness, employment and financial aid through women SHGs

Promotion of Sustainable Livelihood through Skill Development of Dongria Kondh Communities During Lockdown

A tribe is a group of people who are residing within their group in a specific geographical area. India has approximately 700 distinct tribes that are notified under the Article 342 of the Constitution of India. Each tribe differs from each other in terms of language, ethnicity, history, etc., but all tribes have a same thread of customary practices. Schedule Tribe (ST) is cited as categorical indigenous people whose status is recognized by national legislation with some formal degree and due to the most vulnerable category, the government has made several plans for the upliftment of inaccessible people of the society. There are 75 vulnerable tribal communities in India. Dongria Kondh or Dangaria Kandha is one of the vulnerable tribes in India. Dongria Kondh is the sub-section of the Kondh tribal community and is a PVTG section of the tribe. Dangaria is only found in Odisha and is residing around the Niyamgiri Hill to which they worship as their God. During the pandemic, they came up with their signature tag handwoven embroideries Kapdagonda work with new ideas in the form of a "cultural" mask under the guidance of Dongria Kondh Development Agency (DKDA) of Rayagada district of Odisha. It was a step ahead skill development work of Dongria Kondh women that went beyond the normal fabric working to revive their income during the lockout. The objective of the paper is to cover the status of the Dangaria Kandha or Dongria Kondh tribe and how the skill development programme of women SHGs during the lockdown helped to revive their income. It is necessary to frame a skill development pick of Dongria Kondh tribal. The paper is a qualitative in nature and also follow the available literatures as well as a grassroot study to make this paper as a valid content study.

Promoting Fish Value Addition Technologies Among Women SHGS in Jagatsinghpur

The study was carried out by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jagatsinghpur, in 2021-22 to promote various fish processing and postharvest value-addition technologies among farm women. Around 100 women from different blocks of J agatsinghpur took part in the programme. Four technologies viz., hand operated fish descaling machine; motorized fish de-scaling machine; refrigerated mobile fish vending kiosk for fish chilling; and preparation of fish pickle were disseminated among women through training and demonstration. ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi was involved as knowledge partner. The women SHG farmers used these technologies and found it more profitable as compare to previous followed practices. The B: C ratios for these four technologies were found to be 1.30; 1.41; 1.46 and 1 .40 respectively.

Diversified Sustainable Income Generation Options For Rural Women in Odisha

Rural prosperity and women empowerment are the two sides of a coin. Promoting aquaculture and related enterprises among women holds immense potential for ensuring their livelihood and socio- economic empowerment. A study was undertaken in three villages namely Jaipur, Fakirpada and Paribasudeipur of Puri and Khordha districts of Odisha during the period 2012-13 to 2015-16. A random sample of 161 women from 10 Women Self-Help Groups (WSHGs) were selected as beneficiaries for disseminating ICAR-CIFA’s aquaculture technologies like carp seed rearing, carp culture (grow out), integrated fish farming, post-harvest technologies with value addition of fish and fish hydrolysate. The women were empowered with skill development in aquaculture and related enterprises. Due to frequent occurrence of natural calamities and environmental hazards, the women are forced to diversify their group activities in order to sustain their livelihoods. In the study area, women SHGs were encouraged to diversify their activities to mushroom cultivation, rice and vegetable cultivation, floriculture, mini-dairy, backyard poultry, mid-day meal preparation, coir work, etc. in order to strengthen their livelihood in a sustainable way. On the whole, the present paper explores different pathways for rural women to avail various opportunities in terms of multiple diversifications as Sustainable Livelihood (SL) options based on available natural resources, financial and human capital. Socio-economic impact of such changes on the beneficiaries was assessed and emerging issues were identified.

MARKETING STRATEGY BY MISSION SHAKTI OF ODISHA: A JOURNEY FROM SELF HELP GROUPS (SHGS) TO SMALL AND MEDIUM-ENTERPRISES (SMES)

Empowerment of women playing a significant role in society. When women will empower with financially at that time her family income level increase. Mission Shakti gives the power to increase his financial stability. In layman language we can say the women is Samarthy to run her family. Indian constitution provides the women equal freedom and opportunity, so they can empower by them self. Both literate and illiterate women have rights to empower by themselves. So Government of Odisha plays a significant role to empower women through Mission Shakti Department. This department has deep reach to women, nearly about 70 lakh women through 6 lakh groups. The groups are self empower by them self selves through the help of the Mission Shakti.This Paper is mainly focused how the group is converted SHGs to SMEs with the help of Mission Shakti. What types of Marketing Strategy they followed to reach her goal from SHGs to SMEs.Marketing tactics used by cluster members to sell the manufactured goods, as well as the intensity of empowerment among members of women, SHGs to SMEs in Sustainable Livelihood actions. Data were obtained from the districts of Angul and Khordha using a standardized questionnaire written in the local language. Around 180 members of various women SHGs were chosen for the study. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The data was analyzed using one-way Anova, multiple regression, and Pearson correlation. most crucial components such as Sustainable Livelihood, Women Entrepreneurship, and Women Empowerment, all of which have a significant impact on the performance of Marketing Strategies used by SHG members in rural Odisha. It was also bring into being that the number of SHG members and the time-span of years the SHG group has been founded had a substantial impact convert SHGs to SMEs.

A Study on Impact of Microfinance Institutions on Socio Economic Development of Saurashtran Women

Background: Microfinance in the global context is commonly referred to programmes meant for providing credit for self-employment and other financial and business services to poor persons. It is as same as extension of small loans to very poor for self-employment projects that generate income, allowing them to care for themselves and their families. Aim: The objective of the study is to analyze the present status of management of micro finance in Saurashtra and it is relation to impact of micro finance among women SHGs in the study area. Method: In the present study, both exploratory research and descriptive research have been used in accomplishing the objectives of the study. The researcher visited the various blocks on different dates and collected data from different self help groups. To analyze the primary data statistical tools such as Descriptive Analysis, Chi-square test, ANOVA, Garret ranking technique, Discriminate Function Analysis, Friedman Test Factor Analysis, Kendall's coefficient of concordance test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Neural network and Structural Equation Modeling have been used. Findings: The study conclude that a ailment of Microfinance loan from microfinance institutions is helpful in empowering women economically, socio-culturally and politically. The study also found that the beneficiaries have reasonable employment, increase in income and participation in household financial decision-making as compared to non-beneficiaries.

Measuring Women Empowerment in Aquaculture – An Empirical Study

Development of index or tool for measuring social parameters has been a key area of research. This research was carried out during the year 2021 for the measurement and quantification of several variables warrants availability of valid tools. In aquaculture sector, gender mainstreaming efforts has been undertaken by several stakeholders. However, measuring the level of empowerment as a consequence of interventions could not be done in absence of such tools. The article describes the process of development of Women Empowerment in Aquaculture Index (WEAI) - selection of domains, assessing content validity through expert rating, screening of the domains using ‘t’ value and assigning relative weights. The instrument, so developed, has 30 items under 6 domains (access to and control over resources and services, ability to decide independently, attitude towards aquaculture, control over use of income, knowledge on aquaculture, participation in social and economic activities). Using the index, comparison was made between three women SHGs from Odisha with level of empowerment varying between 69-80 per cent.

Social Empowerment on Sustainability of Women Self-Help Groups Projects in Nakuru West Sub-County, Kenya

In 2017 there were a total of 997 registered women Self-Help Groups in Nakuru West. During the year, 438 WSHGs were deregistered. Among them, 48% were deregistered for continued dormancy, 21% due to poor financial management, 12% due to withdrawal of members incapacitating the SHGs functions while the rest (19%) for other reasons such as mutual agreement among members to deregister the group, internal disputes, and successful achievements of Group objectives. In the 2018/19 financial year, the Uwezo Fund funded 102 women Self-Help Groups in Nakuru West Sub-County, disbursing a total of three hundred million Kenya Shillings to fund incoming generating activities. However, the fund had no significant impact on women's empowerment as most of the funds dispersed were either misappropriated or channeled to other family issues rather than being used to empower the women. The general objective of the study was to establish the influence of social empowerment on the sustainability of women Self Help Groups projects in Nakuru West Sub-County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to assess the influence of Training of members, Stakeholders' Involvement, and Leadership on the sustainability of women Self Help Group projects in Nakuru West Sub-County, Kenya. The study was guided by the following theories and models: Grow Training Model, Sustainable Business Models, Dunham and Pierce's Leadership Process Model, and Stakeholders Theory This study utilized a Cross section research design. The unit of analysis was 176 women Self-Help Groups in Nakuru West Social Development Office. The unit of observation was 176 chairpersons of women Self-Help Groups in Nakuru West Sub-County. Another unit of observation was 5 officers in Nakuru West Social Development Office. Since the target population was manageable, the study adopted a census technique to include all the 176 targeted chairpersons of women Self-Help Groups and 5 officers in Nakuru West Social Development Office. Research data was collected using primary data. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interviews to collect data from the respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 176 chairpersons of women Self-Help Groups in Nakuru West Sub-County. A pilot study was undertaken in Njoro Sub-County. The validity of the questionnaire was examined using content validity, while the reliability of the questionnaires was evaluated through Cronbach's Alpha which measures internal consistency. Data were edited, coded, and entered into Statistical Package for Social Science version 25. The resulting data were then analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. This was later presented using a frequency table. The study revealed that the group has a well-structured leadership framework. The study also revealed that the leadership structure determines the flow of information, which affects the sustainability of women SHGs projects. The study concluded that there exists a positive and significant relationship (r = .641, P=0.000) between the training of members on the sustainability of women's self-help group projects in Nakuru West. The study concluded that there was a strong positive and significant relationship between stakeholder involvement and sustainability of Women Self Help Group projects in Nakuru West Sub-County, Kenya correlation (r=0.619 and P=0.023). The study also concluded that there was a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between leadership and sustainability of Women Self Help Group projects in Nakuru West Sub-County, Kenya (r=0.597, P=0.018). In conclusion, the study recommends that the department of social services, which is the body involved in policy issues, should help SHGs put on capacity-building forums which allow the members to be trained and equipped on the challenges that bedevil group.

An Economic Analysis of Vermicompost Production under Gothan and Godhan Nyay Yojna: A Case Study of Chhattisgarh Plains

The present study examined the economics of vermicompost production of Gothan established under the Gothan and Godhan Nyay Scheme in Chhattisgarh. The study was based on primary data; conducted in three districts of Chhattisgarh plains, viz. Bilaspur, Janjgir-Champa and Raigarh. Criteria of Gothan selection were as follows; Model Gothan, Non-model Gothan, village Gothan and city Gothan. The results revealed that Model Gothan's Cost of production was lower as compared to Non-model, village and city Gothan. The study suggested that the education and training programmes might help the women's SHGs.

Silk Cocoon Production in Dharmapuri District of Tamil Nadu: A Profitability Analysis

Sericulture is a financially viable production and has enormous potential for employment opportunities. The present study attempted to investigate the profitability of the sericulture business in the Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu. A proportionate random sampling approach was used to select 80 sample sericulture farmers. The results revealed that the total cost of producing silk cocoons was ?98,805.1 , with a net profit of ? 1,17,194.84. The benefit-cost ratio and break-even output estimated 6 were 2.19:1 and 140.72 kg of the silk cocoon. It depicted that the farmers were operating in the profit zone, as the average yield of sample farmers was substantially higher. Labour scarcity, pest and disease incidence, and income loss owing to COVID 19 pandemic were major constraints faced by sericulture farmers. Sericulture enterprise provided immense opportunity by means of profitable income and more employment opportunities. The young unemployed rural entrepreneurs and women SHGs of this region if appropriately trained and provided financial support to initiate this enterprise would lead to the development of the silk cluster and indeed top position in the Indian silk industry.

An Economics Appraisal of Lending Programme Organized By Women SHGs and Primary Agricultural Cooperative Banks

An Economics Appraisal of Lending Programme Organized By Women SHGs and Primary Agricultural Cooperative Banks

Unleashing the social capital of self-help groups for strengthening seed systems in Uttar Pradesh, India

Women's empowerment and varietal replacement of crops are often unconnected domains in agricultural development; an experience connecting both in India has global potential. Rajiv Gandhi Mahila Vikas Pariyojana, a women's empowerment and poverty reduction program in Uttar Pradesh, embedded seed practices within the collective structure of women's self-help groups. Through collective efforts, women became successful in the production and dissemination of quality seed of new rice and wheat varieties, reaching more than 30,000 small-scale farmers. They appropriated several components of the seed value chain; their social capital became instrumental in varietal replacement. The self-perception of women as knowledgeable farmers changed, as did the perception of household and community members; therefore, seed activities contributed to intrinsic women's empowerment. • The social capital of SHGs is an asset for inclusive and effective seed systems. • SHG involvement in seed systems increases access to new varieties for poor farmers. • Early generation seed supply hinders seed producers' access to new varieties. • Development organizations working with SHGs can contribute to varietal replacement. • Seed activities of women SHGs contribute to instrumental and intrinsic empowerment.

Constraints faced by women shgs in adoption of horticulture enterprises

Constraints faced by women shgs in adoption of horticulture enterprises

Socio-economic empowerment of women self help group through backyard poultry farming in Mandla district

Role of Women in Animal Husbandry cannot be separated but their contribution is mostly neglected. The present study was conducted in six villages of Narayanganj and Niwas blocks of Mandla District to empower women self help groups. For integration of Narmada Nidhi among tribal women SHGs extension interventions like awareness camps, exposure visits and trainings on poultry management were organized in the study areas. Data were collected from 6 women self help groups through a structured interview schedule by personal interview method. Results revealed that, each tribal SHGs were economically benefitted as they received an average income of ₹17,032 during the 8 months study period. Proper extension strategies like awareness campaigns, exposure visits and training helps in capacity building of tribal people. Thus, appropriate extension cum technological interventions (Narmada Nidhi Backyard poultry) played an important role to empower tribal women socially and economically, as it generates cash income and provides employment opportunities, while increasing production of valuable foods (eggs and meat) that improve household nutrition.

Women in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (NRM) in Andhra Pradesh –A Status Report

In the present paper an attempt has been made to examine the role of women in Andhra Pradesh Agriculture especially in natural resource management. The study focused on studying participation of women in crop management, wage discrimination, ownership, access to economic resources and economic decision making and natural resources management at micro level and macro level. The study revealed that about 22% of cost of cultivation and 56% of the labour cost is incurred towards female labour accounting to Rs 3424 out of cost of cultivation Rs. 19725/ha in case of paddy cultivation. The economic value of women’s participation was accounting to be Rs. 2558 of the total cost of cultivation (Rs. 13567/- per ha) of sorghum. There was a glaring difference in wage rates revealing discrimination between men and women wage rates. The year to year (y-t-y) wage difference was only 12.73 during 2000-01 a decade ago, later grew to 35.13 during 2010-11. The lower wage rates to women were because female labour is available in plenty than male labour. Policy initiatives such as identify women as a key player in NRM both at micro and macro level, when the Govt. distributes surplus land, it has to consider the possibility of transferring the ownership of land to women encourage leasing out fallow land for cultivation of food crops through women SHGs, train the tribal women on how to make use of NFTP and other MFP without disturbing forest cover.

English

A pragmatic examination on the impact of women SHGs in gender mainstreaming was embarked on the 10 seaweed farming SHG units operating at Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu state. An explorative assessment on extent of empowerment, performance level, gender characteristics and economic feasibility analysis was carried out based on socio-economic surveys and personal interviews using pre-tested and structured data gathering protocols with standardized scales and indices. Empowerment Index was quantified based on 8 relevant dimensions constituting it. The male and female counterparts of the families were separately interviewed to evaluate the gender mainstreaming aspects in terms of equity and equality to access to resources, participation profile, decision making aspects, gender need analysis etc. Though majority of activities are male dominated, the female counterparts of the households also have committed role in site selection, seeding, drying, packing etc. The Scales of ‘Performance Assessment’ and ‘Empowerment Index’ developed for this study have upright prospective for future use in other key areas on a sustainable basis. Voids identified in Empowerment Index computation give adequate feedback to authorities to proceed in the accurate direction and to follow apposite changes in strategies of the microenterprise. The gender dimension analysis on mainstreaming aspect gives sensitization on crucial issues like women fisherfolk’s rights and marketing channels for policies and other interventions on gender. The identified interrelationships between the variables an act as catalytic points for group action and empowerment on a maintainable basis. The indicative economics worked out for the economic feasibility analysis of the SHGs advocates that, the unit takes just one year to break even which shows the cost-effectiveness of the seaweed farming enterprise.

Economic resurgence through processing and value addition of fruits and vegetables for women SHGs of district Raipur in Chhattisgarh

Krishi Vigyan Kendra Raipur Conducted on Farm Trials (OFT) and Field Level Demonstrations (FLD) together with sustained capacity building, for empowering Women Self Help Group of District Raipur during 2018-19. Trials were based on Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Labelling and Packaging Solutions. Total 118 women from 11 SHGs from 4 Villages from Raipur District were selected for the OFT/FLD. Processed products prepared were 5 types of Pickles, 3 types of Ready to Serve TS Beverage, Moringa Leaf Powder and Mushroom Powder. After training the products prepared by are being sustainably sold by the SHGs through, various retail outlets and IGKV University Sale Counter managed by KVK Raipur. At present our results of OFT/FLD shows that each member of the group earned an income ranging from Rs. 2000/- to Rs. 5000/- per month. In the present study, it has been found that Processing and Value addition of Fruits and Vegetables has high trainability, low investment and potential for Sustainable Income Generation for women SHGs. This has shown to serve as contributing cause for women empowerment and SHG promoted self-reliance by generating its own funds.

Social Impact of Women SHGs: A Study of NHGs of ‘Kudumbashree’ in Kerala

Historically, the role of ‘self-help groups’ (SHGs) has been highlighted by different authors. The term used widely as cooperation for survival. SHGs play a significant role in transforming the rural economy. Its unprecedented growth helps the resurgence of the weaker section of society in terms of outreach, social position and sustainability. Among different SHGs, ‘Kudumbashree’ of Kerala constitute the largest women SHGs in India. The Government of Kerala launched the programme for poor women on 17 May 1998. Grassroots of ‘Kudumbashree’ are ‘Neighbourhood Groups’ (NHGs). Kudumbashree functions through NHGs. The present study analyses the social impact of NHGs by taking samples from the tribal and non-tribal areas in the district of Palakkad, Kerala. A detailed survey conducted among 600 respondents with identified social variables. The outcome of the study reveals that NHGs have created a social platform for women to improve social activities and strengthen its members’ social bondage. The social impacts in tribal and non-tribal areas differ for certain social variables and do not vary with others. Overall, the study highlights the need for promoting the role of NHGs as a means of ‘social change’ for strengthening the socialization process of women.

A Study Exploring the SHG-Bank Linkage Programme and Women Empowerment in the Southern Region of India

Microcredit is a great choice for rural women as it provides them the required economic and social skills to face challenging environments. The purpose of the paper was to review the self-help group-bank linkage programme (SBLP) in five southern states of India, namely Andhra Pradesh (undivided), Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Puducherry for a period of 2012–2017. Commercial banks - public, private, regional rural banks, and cooperative banks - are involved in the linkage programme because of their mandatory disclosure with the SBLP. The self-help groups' (SHGs) loans disbursement in the selected states was found to be high among the cooperative banks. It was observed through the analysis that the cooperative banks played an important role in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The private sector banks also played a significant role in the linkage programme, if the state strongly intervenes. The research study led to the inference that though the number of women SHGs was increasing every year, the SHGs managed to save and repay the loans within the stipulated period. It was observed from the study that the savings - bank linkages varied across the states, and the linkages depended on various parameters.

Status and Prospects of Fisheries Self Help Group in Kabirdham District, Chhattisgarh, India

The present study analyzed the status and performance of women’s Self Help Groups in fisheries of Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh state. Two blocks namely Kawardha and Bodla blocks of Chhattisgarh, India were selected for the study. Total 140 numbers of respondents from twenty SHGs were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussion. It has been revealed that women participation in Self Help Groups made a significant impact on their empowerment despites the majority of them were being illiterate (42.85%). The performance analysis conducted using NABARD checklist revealed that sixty percent of the SHGs fall under the category of good and 20 percent as very good. Nevertheless, the major constraints that deter the activities of the SHGs were reported as political biasness existing in the study area followed by lack of capital and awareness among the members. And hence, it has been concluded that the women SHGs in the study area have greater influence and benefitted the respondent members both socially and economically.