Political Empowerment Of Women Research Articles

Natural resource rents and public spending on education in Africa: Does women's political empowerment matter?

The increase in the number of women in political office is one of the most significant social trends of recent decades. Although still underrepresented, women's participation in decision-making bodies is increasing. This paper analyzes the moderating effect of women's political empowerment on the relationship between natural resource rents and public spending on education in a sample of 47 African countries over the period 2003–2020. This study employs several recent methods to effectively address the endogeneity issue, including the Generalized Method of Moments in System (GMM-S) and the Two-stage Instrumental Variables (2SIV) approach. Overall, the results show that natural resource rents reduce public spending on education, but their interaction with the index of women's political empowerment in composite and disaggregated form increases public spending on education in Africa. These results are tested at four levels of robustness, including the inclusion of additional control variables, the exclusion of outliers, and the use of alternative dependent and independent variables. We suggest improving the representation of women in African political decision-making. This could include quotas for women in decision-making bodies, mentoring programs for women leaders, and financial incentives for political parties that promote women's participation. Steps must also be taken to address structural barriers that prevent women from fully participating in political life, such as discrimination and violence against women.

Research and development expenditure gap: does women’s political empowerment matter?

ABSTRACT Sustained economic growth has been high on the list of priorities of many developed and developing nations, and the importance of new technology to sustained economic growth has long been recognized in the literature. Despite the extent of this literature and the importance of innovation to economic outcomes, surprisingly little is known about the effect of women’s political empowerment in the research sector. This study proposes filling this gap by examining the effect of women’s political empowerment on research and development expenditure. Using data from 66 developed and developing countries and system GMM estimation, we show that women’s political empowerment has exerted, on average, a positive effect on research and development investment. Moreover, further study shows that women's level of participation in civil society has the largest effect, followed by women’s civil liberties. By analyzing these underlying transmission channels, we find that this effect is partly due to the positive effects of women's political empowerment on the accumulation of human capital and on institutional quality, which in turn improve the level of spending on research and development. Based on these results, economic policy implications are discussed.

The Role of Education in Fostering Political Empowerment among the Female School Teachers in Newly Merged Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

One of the fundamental institutions that exist in one form or another in every society on the planet is education. The present research focuses on how education supports women's political empowerment in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's newly merged districts. The study's main goal was to determine how education contributes to the political empowerment of female teachers in the targeted community. In a similar vein, the study's goal was to ascertain how teachers in the research area support women's political empowerment. The research was quantitative in nature, and 225 sample size (female teachers) were chosen from the three districts of Bajawar, Kurram, and Mohmmand using the Sekran sample size determination table. The data were collected through structured questionnaires from (Primary, Middle, and High) school teachers, which were then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The analyzed data were then presented in the form of tables and frequencies. The researched data demonstrates that in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's newly merged districts, education may promote women's political empowerment in the true sense. It is advised that training, seminars, and awareness-raising events on the value of education and how it gives women political power be required for both the general public and female teachers.

Women in politics: examining their impact on policy development — A comprehensive review

The representation of women in political offices has expanded in every country over the last few decades. Commencing with a historical overview, this review underscores the persistent obstacles and cultural constraints that have hindered women's political engagement. The primary focus is on identifying and dissecting impediments such as ingrained gender prejudices, unequal access to education, and sociocultural constraints. This comprehensive examination explores the crucial role of women in politics and their profound impact on policy formulation. Global attention has increased on gender equity and women's political representation, emphasizing the importance of understanding how women's participation in political decision-making processes influences policy outcomes. The involvement of women in politics, particularly in poorer countries where health and education are priority sectors, has led to improvements in the delivery of public services. The review delves into the political empowerment of women, highlighting the positive social change and role modeling that women in politics can provide in their local areas. Recent studies suggest that the makeup of public expenditure may not necessarily reflect the impact of female representation on legislative debates and specific policy decisions. Female participation has enhanced institutional quality by reducing corruption and yielding benefits for those in positions of responsibility. The review advocates for greater gender diversity in political decision-making by examining obstacles, proposing solutions, and emphasizing the ongoing need for research and advocacy to support and promote the invaluable contributions of women to global policy development.

BREAKING BARRIERS: WOMEN'S POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA'S LEGISLATIVE LANDSCAPE

This study delves into the dynamic landscape of women's political participation and representation in the legislatures of Southwest Nigeria. Recognizing the importance of fostering gender inclusivity in democratic processes, the research investigates the barriers that hinder women's active involvement in politics and explores strategies to enhance their empowerment. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including interviews, surveys, and data analysis, the study provides insights into the current status of women's political engagement, highlights successful interventions, and proposes recommendations for breaking barriers andadvancing women's political empowerment in the Southwest Nigerian context.

Does women's political empowerment matter in military spending?

AbstractDespite recognition of the importance of women's political rights for the functioning of modern states, women's participation in political debate and decision‐making remains low around the world. As the first study of its kind, this article examines the impact of women's political empowerment on military spending. Using a sample of 163 developed and developing countries, the article shows that women's political empowerment helps to reduce military spending. Moreover, this result remains robust when dealing with the level of development, endogeneity issues and geographical location. As an explanation, we highlight the role of women politically engaged in improving governance through the reduction of corruption, peacebuilding, their preference for social spending like education and health and their role in reduction discrimination against women.

التحليل الشبكي لدور القيادات النسائية في التمكين السياسي للمرأة السعودية عبر منصات التواصل الاجتماعي: (X) نموذجًا

The study aims to identify the number of tweets concerned with the political empowerment of Saudi women through the accounts of tweeters on the (x) platform, and the network analysis of the accounts of women leaders to monitor the number of nodes and links on political empowerment topics through the (x) platform. The study belongs to descriptive explanatory studies and relies on the network analysis methodology. The study used network analysis in data collection, analysis and interpretation, by applying to a sample of (5) accounts of women leaders in Saudi society through the (X) platform, namely: (Hala Al-Tuwaijri - Kawthar Al-Arbash - Haifa Mohammed Al Saud - Amal Yahya Al-Muallimi - Adwaa Abdul Rahman Al-Arifi) were withdrawn during October 2023, with a total of (1274) tweets, relying on the theory of network analysis as a theoretical framework for the study. The study reached a set of results, most notably: It was found that there is a large state of activity and interaction in the accounts of women leaders in the Kingdom of the study sample through the (X) platform, where the presence of tweets of a large number of users commenting on what is published during the study period, and this is clearly shown by the high number of tweets. The account of (Amal Yahya Al-Moallimi) was distinguished from the rest of the accounts of the study sample, in the emergence of words indicating the political empowerment of women, the most prominent of which came (ambassador), (diplomacy), and (leadership). With regard to the most prominent forms of interaction with tweets on the accounts of women leaders, the form of interaction (showing likes) came at the forefront of the forms of interaction between the five accounts of the study sample. The study recommends the need to increase attention to the political empowerment of Saudi women, by opening more areas of discussion on topics of political empowerment through various media, especially through social networking sites and applications, in light of the Kingdom's direction in its ambitious Vision 2030.

Quality of government and women's political empowerment: Evidence from European regions

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between women's political empowerment (WPE) and the quality of government (QoG) in European regions. The analysis considers both the endogeneity of the QoG and female empowerment, and their spatial interdependence. We use exogenous variation in preindustrial societal traits, legal origins, and geographic and climatic characteristics to construct instruments using random forest forecasting. To model interdependence across regions, we employ convex combinations of connectivity matrices based on geography, trade, social networks, and cultural links. Our findings show that WPE raises the QoG, and that the QoG also boosts female empowerment.

Women empowerment in Africa: can we rely on Islamic finance?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of Islamic finance on women empowerment in Africa between the periods of 1975 and 2021. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses secondary data for 27 African countries obtained from the World Development Indicators, World Population Review and the Varieties of Democracy databases. Four dimensions of women empowerment, namely, economic, social, political and household, are considered while Islamic finance is proxied by a binary variable with 1 and 0 representing the presence and the absence of Islamic finance, respectively. The two-staged least square estimation technique is used to control for the problem of endogeneity. Findings This study revealed that Islamic finance positively affects women empowerment in Africa. Specifically, Islamic finance has positive and significant effects on women political empowerment, women economic empowerment and women social empowerment in Africa but nonsignificant effect on home empowerment. These effects are more pronounced in middle-income than in low-income countries and in countries with higher penetration rate of Islamic finance. Practical implications Policymakers should put in place the necessary mechanisms for the promotion of Islamic finance such as the enacting of laws that ensures the creation of full-fledged Islamic banks, encouraging research in Islamic finance and Islamic economics. These policies should equally be backed by the creation of some accompanying measures such as the abolition of social norms that limit women’s ability to take part in decision-making. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study involving an Africa continent-wide analysis of the effects of Islamic finance on women empowerment.

Does social media improve women's political empowerment in Africa?

The use of social media has grown significantly in Africa over the past two decades and is the subject of recent literature. In this article, we examine its direct and indirect effects on women's political empowerment (WPE) in Africa. Based on a sample of 45 African countries, we specify and estimate a panel data model using the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) method and the System Generalized Method of Moment (S-GMM) over the period 2009–2019. Our results show that social media, as measured by the Facebook penetration rate, significantly increases WPE. Their effects are channeled through the diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), electricity consumption, human capital and political stability. The robustness of the results is proven by alternative measures of WPE and social media. In order to strengthen WPE, public policies must increase women's access to social media.

The Politics of Marginalization: Assessing the Influence of Inter-Party Marginalization on Women’s Political Empowerment in Balochistan, Pakistan

This research paper delves into the dynamics of marginalization in politics by examining the impact of inter-party marginalization on the political empowerment of women in Balochistan, Pakistan. Given that women make up half of the population, their involvement in various spheres, particularly political development, holds significant importance. The study specifically focuses on women who are active in the political arena, representing eight political parties in Balochistan: ANP, BNP-Mengal, NP, HDP, PkMAP, PML-N, PPPP, and PTI. A sample of 400 respondents was carefully selected from these parties to gather insights into the political participation and empowerment of women in the region. The findings demonstrate a relationship between women's political affiliation with political parties in Balochistan and their marginalization within the realm of party politics. Furthermore, the study highlights the necessity for political parties to provide equal opportunities for women to participate in party politics and emphasizes the importance of fair and unrestricted political engagement. This research sheds light on the level of women's involvement in politics in Balochistan and underscores the potential for further advancements in empowering women through equal representation.

Women Leadership as Head of State in Contemporary Muslim Thoughts: A Critical Analysis

This article is aimed at exploring and discussing the female leadership in Islam and its comparison with the political status of women in the contemporary Muslim thought. The matter of women as head of state has been the subject of repeated controversy. Concerns are often raised about the political empowerment of women in Islamic society. It is evident that Islamic society is dichotomized into two different segments i.e. traditionalists and modernists and a crucial difference of opinion lies regarding woman as head of Islamic state between the two. On one side, Syed Maududi, Amin Ahsan Islahi, and Syed Jalal ud Din Umri, are highly reluctant regarding women’s position as head of Islamic state and other political activities. Resultantly, they face bitter criticism of modern and secular Muslims alike. On the other side, Rehmatullah Tariq, Rafiullah Shahab and Asghar Ali Engineer claim that women have ample political rights in this respect as Islam does not inhibit them from assuming public office. The present paper intends to discuss the women leadership as head of Islamic state in view of Islamists, modernists. An attempt is also made to know the real intention of Sharīʿah regarding the role of women as head of Islamic state and its limitations ordained by Islam. A reference of feminist scholars is also made to know their point of view on the issue.

Women Political Empowerment in Makran

Women's political participation is crucial for the promotion of gender equality and democratic governance. However, women are often underrepresented in political positions and face numerous barriers to participation. This paper aims to examine women's political empowerment and their participation in Makran division of Balochistan and identify strategies for promoting it. The study uses quantitative survey in which 310 questionnaires were distributed in three districts of Makran. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS software. The results show that the women in Makran are not empowered politically, but there is a good environment of politics and women have political awareness in the region. The findings of the present study have significant implications for civil society organizations, policymakers and women's rights advocates who are seeking to encourage women's political participation and gender equality.

Role of Cooperatives in Women Empowerment in the Nepalese Context

Cooperatives are important income-generating organizations. They help rural women in many ways. This study aims to identify the contribution of cooperatives to economic, socio-cultural, and political aspects of women empowerment. When women are empowered, they can uplift the economic condition of their families. The objectives of the study is to find out the role of cooperatives in women empowerment. The study is based on descriptive and analytical method. The secondary data are collected from different national and international research articles. This study has found that there is a significant difference in the economic, socio-cultural, and political empowerment of women. Women members are found empowered in their economic activities, maintain social relationships, reduce gender disparity, involve in social programs, conduct cultural programs and participate in political programs. The cooperatives can uplift the socio-economic condition of rural and urban women through access to financial services. They can provide other development services and alleviate poverty through women's empowerment. They have expanded their network of relationships through saving and credit programs. The study shows the need for expansion programs in hard-to-reach areas to empower economically, socially, culturally, and politically disadvantaged groups.

Balochistan Women in Politics: An Examination of Political Participation and its Effects on Women Empowerment in Balochistan, Pakistan

This research paper investigates women's political participation and its impact on women's political empowerment in Balochistan, Pakistan. With women constituting half of the population, their role in various domains, including political development, is crucial. The study focuses on women political workers from eight political parties, namely ANP, BNP-Mengal, NP, HDP, PkMAP, PML-N, PPPP, and PTI, operating in Balochistan. A sample of 400 respondents was selected from these parties to gather insights into women's political participation and empowerment in the region. The findings reveal a positive trend of increasing women's political participation and empowerment in Balochistan. Moreover, the study emphasizes encouraging women to contribute and play significant roles in society actively. This research sheds light on women's political involvement in Balochistan and highlights the potential for further progress in empowering women through political engagement.

Political empowerment of women and Human Development Index in the States of Mexico

Based on the critical mass theory, this article analyzes the effect of political empowerment of women in legislatures and mayoralties of the federal states of Mexico over the Sub-national Human Development Index [SHDI]. Using a balanced panel data composed by 352 observations during the 2010-2020 period, the results show that the critical mass of 30% of women in State legislatures increases health and education sub-indexes. Similarly, the critical mass of 20% of women as majors has a favorable impact on the SHDI and their standard of living and education components. These results highlight that political empowerment of women enhance economic and social development in the context of an emerging country and make a call to legislators in gender issues

Women's Decreased Political Representation in Postwar Sierra Leone: A Backlash or Lethargy?

ABSTRACT: Women's political empowerment strategies have produced important policy and institutional changes, including increased women's political representation in postwar Sierra Leone, notably at the appointment level. However, these advances seem to be consistently met with different forms of resistance, including violence. The awareness among women and men of the importance of women's political representation is not reflected in the number of women nominated by their political parties even as many women continue to aspire for elected positions. This article examines reasons for this trend, focusing on the firsthand perspectives from both male and female politicians on the policies and programs of women's advocacy organizations geared at increasing women's political participation using the 50/50 Group, one of the oldest women's advocacy organizations in Sierra Leone, as a case study.

Women's Political Empowerment In Indian Democracy-A Study

Women's Political Empowerment In Indian Democracy-A Study

Political Empowerment of Women: A Contemporary Study of Assam

Political Empowerment of Women: A Contemporary Study of Assam

Spillovers impact of institutional and economic factors in energy intensity

AbstractPrevious literature does not incorporate the spillover effects of institutional factors in the analysis of the determinants of energy intensity. This research aims to empirically examine the impact of institutional and economic factors on energy intensity using spatial panel data models. Specifically, the institutional factors included are civil liberties, political corruption, and women's political empowerment. We find robust evidence that there are spillover effects from regressors on the energy intensity of countries. We find that the index of civil liberties, political corruption, and women's political empowerment reduce energy intensity. In addition, we find robust evidence that real output per capita and oil price reduce energy intensity, while manufacturing industry increase it. Our results indicate that manufacturing activity requires greater attention from policymakers and academics to mitigate the harmful aspects of energy intensity. Likewise, our results constitute a new look at the approach to mechanisms to reduce energy intensity to achieve sustainable economic development consistent with Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 12.