Women In Jobs Research Articles

Navigating Sexism in the Workplace: A Comparative Study of Muslim and Buddhist Female Workers in Malaysia

This study explores the widespread issue of sexism in Malaysia, focusing on its impact on Muslim and Buddhist female workers. Employing a qualitative approach, the research involves observations, interviews, and documentation to examine how sexism affects women's job opportunities across various sectors. The findings reveal that despite legal progress, sexism remains deeply ingrained, manifesting through discriminatory practices that impede women’s professional advancement and reinforce gender stereotypes. Muslim women encounter additional challenges related to compliance with Islamic teachings in the workplace, while Buddhist women face cultural prejudices that impact their employment opportunities. This study contributes to the gender equality discourse by providing insights into the specific experiences of women in Malaysia, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to combat sexism and promote a more equitable society.

Navigating Gender Dynamics in The Workplace: Family-Work Conflict, Employer Support and Training and Career Development Among Women Employees

This study aims to examine women in the workforce and their turnover intention in Klang Valley, Malaysian organizations. Four variables; employer support, family work conflict, work family conflict and training and career development were examined on their influence on women turnover intention. This research employed purposive sampling technique by selecting 405 women employees from various organizations in Klang Valley, Malaysia. These participants were selected through an online survey. In addition, data analysis was done using XL Stats. This research used a quantitative approach which is most suitable for this type of study. The findings revealed that three hypotheses were supported: employer support and turnover intention, family and work conflict and turnover intention, and work and family conflict and turnover intention. While the hypothesis on training and career development and turnover intention is not supported. The study identified the factors that lead women to leave their jobs. The findings will help organisations develop measures to prevent female employee turnover, which also help businesses competitive advantage by managing female talent. Thus, understanding the causes of female attrition might help reduce employee turnover. The results also identifies the most important elements influencing women's job departures. This research provides a novel perspective on the influence of employer support, conflict between family and work, conflict between work and family, and training and career development on the likelihood of women in the context of a south-east Asian country such as Malaysia, to quit their jobs, with the theoretical background of social exchange theory.

Women empowerment: challenges and opportunities for sustainable development goals

PurposeThe paper aims to explore gaps in women's empowerment in rural areas, specifically focusing on the alignment of skill development with job creation. The overarching goal is to understand how firms can contribute to achieving the 5th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) related to women's empowerment through skill development and job creation programs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews information available in various formats to analyse the existing landscape of women's empowerment, skill development and job creation in rural areas. It likely involves a literature review synthesising insights from diverse sources, including academic studies, government initiatives and reports from researchers working in the field. The methodology may also encompass an examination of success cases and challenges faced by government programs.FindingsGender disparities: Over 80% of the global impoverished population is in rural areas, with women constituting 70% of this demographic. Challenges in policy implementation: Despite women-centred policies, challenges persist in enabling rural women to recognise the potential of remunerative skills for improving their lives. Linking skills and decision-making: Scholarly work highlights the connection between remunerative skills and decision-making, emphasising the importance of financial independence for women's empowerment. Gap in job opportunities: Lack of industry and commercial setups in rural areas poses a significant challenge, hindering the recognition of the value that skill development can offer.Originality/valueThe paper reviews information available in various formats to analyse the existing landscape of women's empowerment, skill development and job creation in rural areas. It likely involves a literature review synthesising insights from diverse sources, including academic studies, government initiatives and reports from researchers working in the field. The methodology may also encompass an examination of success cases and challenges faced by government programs.

Brief of Amici Curiae economists in support of respondents in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.

A pillar of Mississippi's argument in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health was that there is no evidence of "societal reliance" on abortion, meaning no reason to believe that access to abortion impacts the ability of women to participate in the economic and social life of the nation. Led by economist Caitlin Myers and attorney Anjali Srinivasan, more than 150 economists filed an amicus brief seeking to assist the Court in understanding that this assertion is erroneous. The economists describe developments in causal inference methodologies over the last three decades, and the ways in which these tools have been used to isolate the measure of the effects of abortion legalization in the 1970s and of abortion policies and access over the ensuing decades. The economists argue that there is a substantial body of well-developed and credible research that shows that abortion access has had and continues to have a significant effect on birth rates as well as broad downstream social and economic effects, including on women's educational attainment and job opportunities. What follows is a reprint of this brief.

EMPOWERING WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS (CASE STUDIES OF SEVERAL FEMALE EMPLOYEES WITH DISABILITIES)

This research aims to identify the reality of empowering women with disabilities to reach leadership positions. The most important challenges that prevent this, the factors affecting them, and how to confront them. It was relied upon Descriptive analytical method. The research also relied on the interview guide. As a basic data collection tool, it was applied Research on a purposive sample; It consists of 30 female employees with disabilities. The research results showed that the percentage of Women's jobs in the public sector are higher than in the private sector. The research also found that the majority of female employees; Their field is specific. It is the administrative sector. The results also showed an obstruction in procedures and a lack of availability The opportunity for women to prove themselves and be included in plans and strategies at the governmental level and on Civil society level. Finally, officials’ awareness of training needs revealed a deficiency And appropriate development for female employees with disabilities, in addition to the lack of awareness of creating the appropriate environment for training Female employees with disabilities

Risk Factor Analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDS) in Woman Shellfish Peeler (Geloina Erosa) in Pantai Cermin District

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>Woman shellfish peelers <em>(Geloina Erosa) </em>are at risk of developing <em>musculoskeletal disease</em> (MSDS) because of their activities that involve lifting, moving heavy items, carrying weights on the head, bending, or looking up when carrying weights. The majority of women's jobs in Pantai Cermin sub-district are shellfish peelers <em>(Geloina Erosa). </em>This study aims to identify risk factors for <em>musculoskeletal disease</em> (MSDS) in female peelers of Kepah Mussels <em>(Geloina Erosa).</em> Using a cross-sectional study design and quantitative methodology, the population in this study was 45 and The sampling technique used a total sampling of 45 respondents. The data was then analyzed using a correlation test with the help of the SPSS program. The results showed that age, length of work, duration of work, weight, and work posture affect the risk of musculoskeletal disease (MSDs) in female shellfish peelers <em>(Geloina Erosa) </em>in Pantai Cermin District. But years of service are negatively affected This signifies that the longer a person works, the lower their likelihood of experiencing. One strategy to reduce the possibility of musculoskeletal disease complaints (MSDs) is to increase awareness of work posture, comply with occupational safety health regulations, stretch before starting work to reduce pain in parts of the body that experience musculoskeletal disorders, suggestions for improving sitting posture so that the legs are not bent and rest when the body experiences pain to reduce the risk of complaints. The goal is to prevent work fatigue and complaints of MSDs. Women who do kepah peeling work are also expected to routinely stretch, take adequate rest and to reduce soreness in the calves of female shellfish peelers (Geloina Erosa) in Pantai Cermin District It is recommended to use tables and chairs with parallel heights so as not to bend the legs too much and wrap when stripping shells (Geloina Erosa).</p><p><em><br /></em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keywords: MSDS risk, Shellfish peeler (Geloina Erosa), Women, Work Posture</em></strong>

Voices of the career delayed: Korean millennial women's underemployed experience

South Korean Millennials have exceptional educational, cultural, and professional backgrounds compared to other generations, but they are overqualified and underemployed in the country's competitive job market. Moreover, Korean Millennial women face more complex forms of discrimination than Korean men. Thus far, most empirical studies have illuminated the problem of unemployment rather than that of underemployment, and studies of women in underemployment are even rarer still. This study employed a feminist methodological approach, conducting qualitative interviews in order to reveal well-educated Korean Millennial women's job experiences and how living in a male-dominated society and patriarchal system affects them. This study used thematic analysis to examine ten underemployed Korean Millennial women's job experiences. Through feminist qualitative interviews, the ten women not only revealed their experiences of being subjugated as women employees at work, they also highlighted both the negative and positive sides of being underemployed.

Gender Equality among Women in West Klampis Village, Bangkalan Regency:Feminist Perspective

The community in this village still adheres to a patriarchal culture where men are the main authority in the family. Most parents in this village also assume that a woman's job is to take care of her husband and children and to do housework. A woman is required to be able to cook, clean the house, wash clothes and so on. It is also not uncommon for parents to refuse to continue their children's education to a higher level. This research was conducted to analyze and describe gender equality in West Klampis Village, Klampis District, Bangkalan Regency. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The focus of this research is gender equality in terms of the theory of liberal feminism by Mary Wollstonecraft and Marxist feminism by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Data obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that in liberal feminism, women experience inequality in education that is not equal to men, while in Marxist feminism, there is a class between wives and husbands in the household, where a wife's class is reproductive while a husband's class is productive.

Housework as a Woman's Job? What Looks Like Gender Ideologies Could Also Be Stereotypes

Housework as a Woman's Job? What Looks Like Gender Ideologies Could Also Be Stereotypes

"The Well-Being Impact: Examining the Effects of Physical and Mental Well-being on Women's Job Performance"

"The Well-Being Impact: Examining the Effects of Physical and Mental Well-being on Women's Job Performance"

Change in women's work burden and gender norms of unpaid care work after the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant lockdown has increased the burden of unpaid care work. Hence it is essential to evaluate the crisis response in change of women's work burden and gender norms of their unpaid care work and social status. To investigate change in women's job roles after second the wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on physical and psychological burden of work along with identification of common contributors of gendering of care work. Using a structured questionnaire and simple random sampling technique, the study was conducted on married women (n = 691) in West Bengal, India after the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant job loss (p = 0.014) occurred during COVID-19. Unpaid care work increased (p = 0.04) with reduction in rest hours (p = 0.002). 62.3% women felt increased burden of work. Work burden score increased with age (p = 0.003), reduction of rest (p < 0.001) and increased care work (p = 0.022). Gendering occurred due to male partner's less contribution to care work and respondents' cognitive agreement with expected gender role. Gendering of work is less in urban areas (OR = 0.379, p = 0.008) and higher income group (OR = 5.37, p = 0.026). Women faced more gendering in case of job loss (OR = 9.27, p = 0.001) or if burdened with work (OR = 3.92, P < 0.001). The impact of employability of women on their work role during the COVID-19 outbreak has highlighted both theoretical and practical significance that opens up the scope of further studies at national and larger ethno-geographic levels.

Lifestyle Among Fertile and Infertile Women: A Case-Control Study in the West of Iran

Background: In the studies conducted in Iran, the determining role of lifestyle as a multifactorial concept of infertility in infertile Iranian women has rarely been investigated. Objective: to compare the lifestyles of fertile and infertile women in Iran. Method: This case-control study was conducted on 400 women in 2022. The control group includes women aged 18-45 years, with no history of infertility and who had at least one child. The case group includes women whose primary infertility has been diagnosed and confirmed by a gynecologist and who were referred to the infertility ward in the west of Iran for treatment. The Miller-smith lifestyle assessment inventory was used in this study. We applied a significance level of 0.05 using the Stata ver. 14. Results: In multivariable analysis after adjusting for age, BMI, women's education, husband's education, women's Job, age at menarche, and menstrual cycle, the infertile women had higher scores on the Miller-Smith lifestyle questionnaire than fertile women [linear regression coefficient=21.21; 95% confidence interval: 20.56 to 21.86; p&lt;0.001]. Conclusion: The situations of lifestyle components such as time of rest, attending club and social activities, physical activity, recreation, having close friends, and religious beliefs were better in fertile women, as compared to infertile women.

Impacts of family care for children and the elderly on women's employment: evidence from rural China.

China's traditional culture makes rural women and men take on different family responsibilities. Use "China Family Panel Studies" (CFPS) data and build Logit and propensity score matching models to empirically study the impact of children care and elderly care on rural married women going out to work. And explore the welfare effects of basic education public services in helping rural women take care of their families. The results show that caring for children has a significant hindering effect on rural married women's job hunting. Especially for those in low-income families, the employment inhibition is most significant among women aged 20-30 with multiple children. Contrary to previous cognition, supporting the elderly has a certain weak stimulating effect. The kindergarten public services in rural areas can help women take care of their children and relieve their work pressure. The primary school public services have not played a role in alleviating them. This shows that there are still a large number of female laborers in rural China who are unable to go out to work due to family care. The improvement of rural basic education public services can promote more rural women going out to work. This finding will provide a policy reference for the introduction of a formal care system and the establishment of basic education public services in China.

Economic Objections to the Policies of the Government of India in Supporting Cultural Motherhood

Women being equally valuable resources as labor, human capital, and entrepreneur, should be treated and given enough opportunities and free choices to improve the allocative efficiency of the economy. In these changing times, it is not enough to say no to choice&amp;mdash;we must actively work toward defeating motherhood as an idea and practice. Per the data provided by the International Labour Organisation, female labor-force participation has gradually declined from 28.8% to 24% for females aged 15 and more. This paper highlights the economic consequences of gender-equality policies in India and the incapacity of the policymakers to analyze the consequences of such gender-insensitive policies. The author explains and discusses how society, especially the patriarchal family in India, is overutilizing a woman's motherhood, making women invest more than the optimal level of mothering on the one hand and making men perform less motherhood/parenthood than the socially efficient level. The researcher has collected primary and secondary data to analyze the government's leave policy. Upon interviewing more than 100 women and men directly or indirectly involved in childcare through WhatsApp and other calling mediums, author has analyzed that motherhood or mothering is heavily understood as the women's primary job rather than the equally shared and rarely efficiently distributed between the birth givers.

Flexible Working Hours and Job Satisfaction in Females

To examine the concepts of job satisfaction among females and the impact of working arrangements, this review examines five research articles from different countries. The cultural variations in women's job satisfaction according to their working hours were addressed in research done in different nations. This review claims that gender difference in job satisfaction is present and the impact of working arrangements like flexible hours has an impact on job satisfaction especially in females. Also, flexible working arrangements, such as homeworking, working part-time, flexitime, job-sharing, compressed hours, and term-time, were identified for the study. Moreover, it is suggested that the findings reported as a result of the data of different samples obtained from different countries, even if flexible working hours mean the same concept across countries, whether the effects of conditions and women on them have changed in future studies. Depending on the results of these articles, different directions in the issue were found. In this review paper, the discussion and implications based on whether gender may have an impact on the relationship between flexible working hours and job satisfaction will be covered. Keywords: Flexible Working Hours, Gender, Job Satisfaction, Working Arrangements.

Emerging work environments in the pandemic era: a gendered approach to work-life balance programs.

As the coronavirus pandemic affects virtually every sector of the economy, this ongoing review examines the effects of remote working on women's job performance-including hypotheses about serious activities and how they may balance work and family. In recent years, psychometric testing has become increasingly popular with organizations worldwide, and they are looking at this method to better understand how women achieve balance in their lives. The aim of this work is to investigate how different aspects of psychometrics and factors relating to work-life balance influence women's satisfaction levels. An exploratory factor assessment (EFA) and a confirmatory factor assessment (CFA) using a seven-point Likert scale were performed on data collected from 385 selected female IT workers whose satisfaction levels toward psychometric assessments in their organization were examined. The current study uses EFAs and CFAs to develop and identify the key factors in women's work-life balance. The results also showed that three significant variables accounted for 74% of the variance: 26% from work and family, 24% from personal factors, and 24% from loving their job.

Does the digital economy generate a gender dividend for female employment? Evidence from China

Using data from the China General Social Survey, the China Family Panel Studies, and a unique dataset of enterprises' online recruitment, this research examines the effect of the digital economy on female employment. The empirical results suggest that the digital economy significantly promotes female employment. Consistent with our theoretical analysis, the estimates indicate that this relationship holds because the digital economy promotes the formation of egalitarian gender perspectives, promotes the use of digital technology, and increases labor demand emphasizing the necessity for female-preference occupations. The dividend of the digital economy is tilted toward vulnerable groups in the labor market, including the low-skilled, older, and rural workforce, and only exerts an employment promotion effect on women without parenting burden. Further examination reveals evidence that digitalization has not led to a holistic improvement in the quality of female employment. Digitalization lengthens the working hours of severely underemployed female workers, and improves women's occupational status and job satisfaction; however, it has a minimal impact on protecting employees' rights and interests or reducing overtime workers' work intensity. Nonself-employed, full-time, and part-time workers all benefit from the development of the digital economy, while self-employed workers do not. In addition, a weakening effect of digitalization on the gender employment gap is not evident, which relates to the digital economy generating a female dividend in terms of promoting gender equality and increasing labor demand but resulting in a digital gender divide in the use of digital technology.

Why Always Women?: Gender Inequality in Rusmini’s “Kenanga” (A Feminist Criticism Study)

The issue of gender equality is no longer a new one. It arises along with the stereotype of men who have a higher nature than women. In addition, in terms of strength and rights women are also below men. This aspect of gender inequality is one of the aspects developed by Rusmini in her novel "Kenanga". It tells the story of women who live under the pressure of men due to their gender. This research was then made to examine every gender inequality behavior that occurs in this novel. Using a qualitative method, the research then applies a feminist approach in analyzing each event of gender inequality that occurs in Rusmini's novel "Kenanga". The results show that, gender inequality against women mostly occurs due to stereotypes from the society in which they live. This gender inequality occurs starting from the aspect that women's nature is under men, therefore women must always obey men. Moreover, in terms of education, women are also prohibited from getting a proper education than men because basically, women's job is only to take care of men. In addition, women from the poor are often treated harshly because the customs enforced in society greatly differentiate between castes. From this research, a new direction is given that gender inequality needs to be a concern because considering today's developments, it allows everyone including women to develop and have a career.

The Impact of Gender Bias in Social Media on Women's Job Development

With the development of the Internet, social media has gradually become the main way for people to find jobs. However, such a job search method is not absolutely fair. On the contrary, women suffer from gender bias in every way. This article aims to specifically discuss similar gender biases and their distress and potential risks to women from three aspects.

The Analysis of Female Characters in the Golden Age of Hollywood

The United States experienced a 25% unemployment rate in 1929 as a result of the Great Depression. More than 5,000 banks in the United States announced closure, and more than 80,000 businesses filed for bankruptcy as a direct result of the Great Depression. Everyone was drowning in the woes of being unemployed. However, Hollywood movies provided a pastime for people who were suffering every day during the Great Depression. Although the 1930s was the worst time for the U.S. economy, it was the golden age of Hollywood. The 1930s to the late 1940s are referred to as the Golden Age of Hollywood, in which Hollywood dominated the film industry. Women on screen have many images, but all these female portraits cannot be separated from men. Women's life at that time was inextricably linked with men's. This paper analyzes women's images from the Golden Age of Hollywood movies. The purpose is to explain how the portrayal of women on screen reflects the status of women in society at the time and what factors led to such a portrayal of women on screen. The paper found that the most impactful factors are women's jobs taken by men during the Great Depression, the dominant social consciousness of masculinity, and the desire for male voyeurism.