Idea Of Women Research Articles

The profession of occupational health and safety technician: Does gender matter?

AbstractWorkers' health and safety, and equality between men and women are two of the main challenges currently facing the labor framework in Spain. Despite the fact that the different risks faced by men and women have been widely studied, the way in which gender can affect the working conditions and career development of occupational health and safety (OHS) technicians has hardly been investigated. To delve into this aspect, a study has been carried out by conducting semistructured interviews with six women who work as OHS technicians and a survey among OHS technicians in the Basque Country (Spain) with 124 responses. The results suggest that there are differences between men and women both in the conditions and in the career development of the OHS technician profession. These differences appear in various thematic blocks such as empowerment, recognition, or aspirations. Women tend to be more skeptical than men on gender equality issues such as the idea of equal promotion opportunities for men and women, or the notion that men's and women's ideas are equally valued, or the way in which having children affects men and women's aspirations. It is very important to reduce these gender differences to achieve a more efficient work environment, which can lead to more efficient OHS management.

Identity Annihilation in Ann Bradstreet’s Poetry

A ‘City upon a Hill’ has always been the phrase which depicted the ideal and the perfect society the puritans sought to establish in Massachusetts, yet there can be several discrepancies noticed within their social and intellectual life and the way they dealt with the female intellectuals and poets. The current study tackles the way puritan patriarchal society marginalizes female writers and intellectuals, such as Ann Bradstreet, in a way that demolishes their identities. It also aims to depict these female intellectuals as breakers of the social norms in challenging the Puritan spiritual authority and its social system, so their writings were not valuable, and their voices were not heard. More significantly, the study shows how the social/religious conventions created within the puritan were used as a weapon against female writers. Thus, for puritans, the idea of women being writers or poets was not acceptable.

Critically Discuss Some of The Ways in Which Feminist Epistemology Offers a Challenge to Certain Traditional Philosophical Approaches to Knowledge. What Might Be the Educational Implications of These Challenges?

This essay mainly depicts how feminist epistemology challenges the traditional epistemology in three aspects, which are feminist standpoint, feminist postmodernism, and feminist empiricism (Anderson,2000). The feminist standpoint represents views of women, and the knowledge of women are epistemically advantageous than those of men in many spheres of life, because women in subordinated or suppressed positions for centuries can acquire some unique viewpoints that men ignore. Therefore, women's ideas are worthy of recognition and respect, and women should be encouraged to share their thoughts and knowledge. The feminist postmodernism emphasizes that the society needs to devote much attention to the voice of women from minority, low-salary group, low social class. This theory reveals that feminist epistemologists not only strive for privileged women’s rights but also fights for the rights of minority, financially disadvantageous women. The feminist empiricism emphasizes that women’s experience as the reliable knowledge contributes to the society (Anderson,2000). However, these three above-mentioned theories challenge certain traditional philosophical approaches to knowledge, and this essay will show how this occurs. Besides, this essay will show some educational implications of these challenges.

Beyond the Attic in Jane Eyre: Jane and Bertha as Feminist Archetypes

This article discusses two models of women in the Victorian era by analyzing Charlotte Brontë’s novel Jane Eyre from a feminist perspective. The researcher used two contrasting characters, Jane and Bertha, to criticize the patriarchal system and the tragic female submission. The novel presented Jane as a model of a rebellious woman who defied traditional gender roles. As for Bertha, she was used to show the beginning and tragic end of submission and loss of identity under patriarchal control. The researcher relied on some feminist theories to explain some concepts such as the concept of women’s autonomy, the idea of women’s marginalization, and the concept of oppressive structures. Through the contrast between the two characters, the article revealed the importance of women’s independence and warned against their submission to patriarchal oppression.

ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ О СЕМЬЕ И РЕБЕНКЕ ПРИ ДЕВИАНТНОМ МАТЕРИНСТВЕ

The article reveals the peculiarities of women's ideas about family and children in deviant motherhood. The unique is the study of ideas about family, children and motherhood among women who have children and are serving sentences in a penitentiary institution. The main research method was content analysis of associations to the words “family”, “child”, “mother”. The author identifies categories of association words that reveal specifics of respondents’ ideas about family. The article describes the categories and reveals the peculiarities of the perception of motherhood and family. The composition of the family is represented by the closest relatives: children, parents, spouses. The respondents' mental states are sthenic, personality-driven, humanitarian, and emotional. The main emotions and experiences of respondents are positive. Negative experiences are associated mainly with the feelings of guilt and distant motherhood, as well as the experience of destructive relationships in their own family. The range of negative experiences is greater than the positive ones. The article shows the respondents' perception of a mother with positive characteristics such as tenderness, kindness, and confidence. “Mom” shows care and responsibility. The interaction between mother and child is emotional; the range of specific actions in relation to the child is small. The focus (in ideal terms) on constructive, favorable family relationships has been revealed. At the same time, the practical orientation towards creating and maintaining such relationships is weakly expressed. The activity component of motherhood is impoverished. The child is infantilized by their mothers. A mother's responsibility to her child is a necessary characteristic for her. Psychological and pedagogical support for such mothers, as well we increasing their pedagogical competence, are seen crucial to solve the difficulties of deviant motherhood.

Women and Intellectual History in the Twentieth Century, Part One: Rethinking the "Origins" of US Intellectual History.

This essay argues that work on the history of women's ideas has been repeatedly written out of the multiple historiographical reviews of twentieth century intellectual history. By recovering that work, and the contexts and sites of its production, the essay offers a new perspective on the historiography of intellectual history in the twentieth century.

The Indian Development of Women Journalists and Human Rights

Abstract The concept of women's human rights owes its success and the creation of its use to the fact that it is revolutionary. The idea of women's human rights makes common sense. It declares that as human beings women have human rights. Anyone would find her or himself hard pressed to publicly make and defend the contrary argument that women are not human. So in many ways, the claim that women have human rights seems quite ordinary. On the other hand, "women's human rights" is a revolutionary notion. This fundamental recovery of humanity and the corollary insistence that women's rights are human rights have profound transformative potential. In the 1980s and 1990s, women's movements around the world formed networks and coalitions to give greater visibility both to the problems that women face every day and to the centrality of women's experiences in economic, social, political and environmental issues. In the development of what is becoming a global women's movement, the term "women's human rights" has served as a locus for praxis, that is, for the development of political strategies shaped by the interaction between analytical insights and concrete political practices. The critical tools, the determined activism, and the broad-based international networks that have grown up around movements for women's human rights have become a vehicle for women to develop the political skills necessary for the 21th century.

Trauma and Subjection in Anita Nair’s Ladies Coupe

The advancement of women is reflected in the contributions made by women in every sector. The novels of Anita Nair beautifully address the shifting perceptions of women from those of pain to those of self-assurance. Though they have a secondary role in human civilization, women are essential components of it. The patriarchal societal structure has physically and psychologically harmed women since ancient times, yet from a contemporary standpoint, the idea of women’s traditional roles is eroding daily. Everybody has been impacted by the culture, values, customs, and social mores that are prevalent in the world. On the other hand, the conditions and exposure level determine how much a person is impacted by society. The portrayal of women’s lives and difficulties in modern civilizations in Anita Nair’s novel Ladies Coupé emphasizes their place in the household and larger social order. The difficulties women have in navigating patriarchal institutions that aim to marginalize and repress them are reflected in Akhila’s role as the head of her household following the death of her father. Socio-feminism looks into the experiences of the female characters in the novel to give voice to women who have traditionally been oppressed and silenced. Thus, a feminist perspective will be used to examine women’s challenges in this study. Therefore, the status of women in modern Indian society is presented in this study.

Assessing Admiration for Women Who Do “Men’s Work”

Abstract Drawing on interviews and focus groups from Conakry, the capital city of the Republic of Guinea in West Africa, this article examines how people talk about women working in male-dominated skilled trades alongside women’s accounts of their work experiences in those sectors. We find that the idea of women doing gender atypical work, whom we call “crossovers,” evokes widespread admiration. They are unanimously described as brave and virtuous, contrasted with women who rely on money from relationships with men. However, this celebration falters in the workplace, where crossovers often experience paternalism and harassment. Building on theories of both gender beliefs and femininities, we attribute this discrepancy to the differential threats to the gender order that are posed by accommodating crossovers at work versus speaking positively about them. Working together requires men to confront actual women’s unexpected capabilities, while rhetorically celebrating crossovers may in fact reify stereotypes about most women and fail to fundamentally undermine men’s authority. Crossovers can serve as sources of inspiration for an alternative gender order, but we find that professed admiration for “exceptional” groups of women has both limitations and risks. We conclude by suggesting that the subversive potential of admiration for gender atypical behavior must be empirically examined, rather than assumed, with attention to why such women are seen as admirable as well as how this admiration is borne out in social interactions.

Women Empowerment: Identity of Women in Ancient India and Modern Indian Globalized Society

India's history and culture have earned itself a unique place on the global orb. In the world's top ten, our nation excels in terms of culture, politics, economy, military might, and other areas. Even if there were attempts to ameliorate these circumstances in the nation following independence, these measures have been more intense recently. Given that women comprise 50% of the population, they should be given ample deliberation. Consequently, to empower the human resources of the society, efforts are being initiated to strengthen, empower, and develop their innate qualities. Dr. Ambedkar had once stated that understanding a society's women's status is crucial to understanding its advancement. Just how robust can a civilization get? The idea of women's empowerment has gained traction in recent years and is now a hotly debated subject in today's culture. Women have historically been disadvantaged and mistreated in countries like India, thus empowering them is now essential to societal advancement. Globalization has brought about a paradigm shift in the Indian women's identity, presenting them with new opportunities as well as challenges in the contemporary world. Women in ancient India had a distinct identity that was moulded by cultural customs, religious beliefs, and social conventions. The purpose of this paper is to examine women's identities in Ancient India and Globalised Modern Indian scenario, with emphatic emphasis on their rights, roles, and difficulties. Patriarchal core value is the persistent perception of women as second-class citizens.

Transatlantic Women at Work: Service in the Long 19th Century

This special issue focuses on “Transatlantic Women at Work” in the 19th century, with attention paid specifically to the labor women performed that was deemed by family, community, government, and often the women themselves as “service.” Our introduction briefly describes the six articles and responses included in this issue, and their origins in an online forum in 2021 and 2022, three poems, and one fictional work. The overview of contributions is followed by an attempt at theorizing the understanding and conception of the idea of “service” from a diachronic perspective. This exploration of varying notions and the accompanying politics of “service” is organized in sections as follows: “The Evolving Concept of ‘Service’ in the Long 19th Century,” “Theorizing: What Is this Thing Called Service,” “The Tradition of ‘Service’ as a White, Middle-Class Notion,” “Women’s Service and Reform,” “Municipal Housekeeping as Service to the Community,” and “Women of Color and ‘Service to Their Race’.” Our examination of 19th-century conduct books and reform texts by and for women illuminates how evolving notions of service as benevolence was primarily connected to a well-to-do class of White women and conceptualized against a notion of servitude as hard (enumerated) labor associated with poor women and Women of Color. We show how since the beginning of the century Black activists fought against such racial essentialism. However, White service notions lastingly influenced both 19th-century (segregated) ideas of women’s social roles and 20th/21st century women’s historiography that continued to center White concepts of True Womanhood. We conclude by acknowledging that in our own 21st century, women (especially Women of Color) too often continue in the vicious cycle of being relegated to lower paid and lower status service work, professions which remain lower paid because they are held by women. As we point out, the recent Covid pandemic shed renewed light on this transatlantic reality.

Teaching women's work and thought in undergraduate history of science courses

AbstractAs a rich field of scholarship now demonstrates, from at least the early modern period, women have consistently contributed to natural philosophy, science, and medicine in Europe and the Anglo‐American world. Their participation in these fields, like men's, has been shaped by gendered social and cultural expectations. It has risen and fallen on cyclical waves of effort to exclude them or minimize their contributions. In historical accounts, until recently, women's roles have been neglected or forgotten. Even today, in both scholarly and popular histories, women in science are often presented as surprising rediscoveries. Women are persistently perceived as newcomers in the sciences. Unless women's contributions are consistently integrated into mainstream narratives in the history of science, women could easily become invisible again. To counter this possibility, I first examine the structural factors shaping women's participation in the sciences and their historical visibility from the early modern period through the 19th century. I then suggest ways to include women in undergraduate surveys in the history of European and Anglo‐American science that encourage students to engage with women's ideas and with women as complex, multi‐valent historical actors. I show how we can situate women's contributions in a narrative that invites students to examine the history of science as a history of ideas, people, and practices and to explore history as a resource for understanding the role of scientific knowledge and authority in the present. Though my own examples are limited to the history of science in Europe and the Anglo‐American world from the early modern period, I argue that a similar thematic approach could be explored and implemented in other historical contexts, given appropriate secondary and primary sources.

Pergerakan Pejuang Perempuan di Kota Makassar Pasca Kemerdekaan 1945-1960

This research aims to explain the dynamics of the women's movement in Makassar City after the Indonesia Proclamation of Independence (1945-1960). During the physical revolution, women participated in the battlefield by involving themselves as nurses, taking care of public kitchens, and being active in the army. Once Indonesia received recognition of sovereignty, women began to form and develop various organizations that were active in the social, economic, educational, cultural, and political fields. In Makassar, female figures such as Emmy Saelan, Siti Mulyati Hasyim, Salawati Daud, and Milda Mathilda Towoliu were recognized. By 1955, some of them were actively involved in the Indonesian parliament. This research relies on historical research by tracing static archives, magazines, and newspapers of the time along with related literature. The research found that the experience during the physical revolution, followed by the regional upheaval in the 1950s, became the background for the women's ideas of unity and love for the country to involve themselves in politics in Makassar.

Social messages toward women living with spouses who have alcohol use disorder

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored the perceptions, lived experiences, and coping approaches of women who live with spouses who have alcohol use disorder (AUD) in response to implicit and explicit messages from professionals and others in their environment.BackgroundWomen who live with a spouse with AUD are affected by their spouses' behavior and experience high levels of mental stress. These women are viewed as problem‐solvers and rescuers, on the one hand, or as enablers and “codependents” on the other. These attitudes may reflect society's ideas of women's gender‐related caretaking role.MethodSemistructured interviews were conducted with 12 women whose spouses had a diagnosis of lifetime AUD.ResultsContent analysis yielded three themes regarding the kinds of messages the women received: responsible and guilty, distanced and silenced, and reinforced and supported. The women indicated internalization of these messages and expressed they felt guilty, ashamed, and excluded, but in some cases, strengthened.ConclusionSociety and the people around these women bear responsibility for the negative images they internalize.ImplicationsAwareness of the implicit and explicit messages conveyed to these women is needed. Specific interventions should be designed to validate their difficulties and support them.

Aging as Adaptation.

In traditional gerontological terms, adaptation is usually understood as the production of physical aids to mitigate the impairment effects caused by age-related disabilities, or as those alterations organizations need to make under the concept of reasonable adjustment to prevent age discrimination (in the UK, e.g., age has been a protected characteristic under the Equality Act since 2010). This article will be the first to examine aging in relation to theories of adaptation within cultural studies and the humanities. It is thus an interdisciplinary intervention within the field of cultural gerontology and cultural theories of adaptation. Adaptation studies in cultural studies and the humanities have moved away from fidelity criticism (the issue of how faithful an adaptation is to its original) toward thinking of adaptation as a creative, improvisational space. We ask if theories of adaptation as understood within cultural studies and the humanities can help us develop a more productive and creative way of conceptualizing the aging process, which reframes aging in terms of transformational and collaborative adaptation. Moreover, for women in particular, this process of adaptation involves engagement with ideas of women's experience that encompass an adaptive, intergenerational understanding of feminism. Our article draws on interviews with the producer and scriptwriter of the Representage theater group's play My Turn Now. The script for the play is adapted from a 1993 coauthored book written by a group of 6 women who were then in their 60s and 70s, who founded a networking group for older women.

“IT IS HER DECISION, NOT MINE” THE PROBLEM OF CHOICE IN ABORTION CONSULTATION SERVICES IN NORWAY

Since 1978, women have been granted legal rights to self-determined abortion, from which the idea of women’s right to choose achieves its victory in the current Norwegian abortion law. Behind this notion of choice lies an assumption that perceives women as subjects of choice who should personally decide whether or not having an abortion would be the proper way to overcome difficult decisions on their pregnancies. Women’s right to choose is celebrated as an ideal concept in consultation services for women who face difficult decisions on whether or not to have an abortion. Counselors and health workers I interviewed used the notion of women’s right to choose to describe the professionalism of their work; that is, to create distance from a woman’s decision-making process. By employing engaged listening to collect ethnographic data, this study explores limitations encountered with the idea of women’s right to choose as applied to care practices for women who are uncertain about their pregnancies. This inquiry examines care relations formed under conditions where the notion of individual choice is not ideal in practice. This study shows how individual choices are socially bound. Women’s status as subject of choice is not predetermined but enacted through emotional labor performed by healthcare professionals, which could affect clients’ openness and self-efficacy to enact a choice. Emotional labor challenges the claim of neutrality which was described as being emotionally detached from clients, as emotion itself is often deemed insignificant for making rational decisions.

Między buntem, społeczną misją a produktem turystycznym. Umoja - osada kobiet (Kenia)

Traditional African pastoral tribes face the challenge of new phenomena of social character. In this article, the authors discuss the case of Umoja - the ‘only women’s village’ in Samburu County (Kenya) and the life situation of its residents (women, children). Informal interviews and in situ observations conducted in October 2021 as well as the relevant publications, were the main sources of information on the functioning of this women-only settlement. The socio-cultural phenomenon of Umoja combines two dilemmas: the first concerns the life of Umoja residents, the need to provide them with living conditions and personal development (education, health), and the second reveals the participation of the village’s activities in the idea of women’s emancipation and empowerment through the development of contacts of Umoja women with the ‘outside world’. Although transformation of Umoja daily life into a tourist product (commodification) provides its residents with the means of income, the Umoja women’s resistance act to the status of women in the Samburu community aims at a change in values in this traditional tribal culture.

Tension of Religious-Traditions and the Ideas of Women's Liberation in Dreams of Trespass’ Novel by Fatima Mernisi

This article examines a novel titled “Dreams of Trepass: Tales of a Harem” as the literature work represents Fatima Mernissi’s critical thought in fighting for gender equality. The research methodology used is qualitative approach with textual analysis method. Based on research findings, Fatima Mernissi narrates the women liberation discourse through literature works which is not entirely fiction for its rooted from Fatima Mernissi’s own experiences who originated from harem-living family. The work is a reflexive of reality, as well as an aspiration for the ideal future in terms of the equal roles and rights between women and men. It concludes, feminism critical thought’s Fatima Mernissi needs to put on the living context where the work was created and historical time on which recounted, namely related to Arabic culture and Islamic religiosity in the 20th century Morocco. In that period, the world was transiting from colonization era to the movement of global nationalism in colonized countries, including Morcco. Therefore, there is collision between tradition and modernity which influencing women’s thoughts and thoughts of women in regards of universal humanism values with religious interpretation on the Islamic holy Qur’an.

Women Entrepreneurship and Feminist Economics: A Case Study of Select Women led Indian Startups in the Last Decade

The COVID pandemic of 2019 has given a more substantial dimension to development paradigm. A development which will not be people centric and inclusive will not be able to embrace the challenges that the unforeseen future may apprise us with. Feminist Economics as a school of thought does focus on this aspect of development. An economy run by only men thus will be based on only one perspective. The skills, passion and ideas of women if not included will not only impact the economic growth of a country but also its social development. This paper tries to explore the role and contribution of women in creating a gender inclusive society- through case studies of some women entrepreneurs who are heading a startup in the last decade and contributing to economic growth.

Between the Elite Power and Women Subordination: Formulation of "Dana Desa" in Java Village Context

Dana Desa is one of the new policies to realize development based on the needs of rural communities. In its implementation there is a role that is often overlooked, it is women. This paper discusses the process of formulating dana desa policies in Pengalusan Village. In addition, the main focus is on the role of women when formulating these policies. Applying gender approach this study found that the planning process for the formulation of dana desa policies is carried out with the musrenbangdes which is carried out before the APBDes decision is agreed. But from the planning through evaluation processes there is no specific discussion related to the ideas, interest, and the role of women in the development processes in the village. The elite as decision makers are men, and village development policies are more masculine, one of which is demonstrated through physical development. Women's ideas have not received enough attention.