Detention Of Women Research Articles

Gender-based approach regarding the detention of women

Women represent a particularly vulnerable group within the criminal enforcement system. The necessities of women in detention differ from the needs of men, which determined a gender-based approach, which manifests in the adaptation of material conditions, rules from the place of detention, re-socialization programs to the specific needs of women. The gender-based approach is implicit at all stages of deprivation of liberty, starting with detention or arrest, allocation, execution of punishment of deprivation of liberty, participation in programs of re-socialization, professional, vocational training, medical, psychological assistance, contacts with family, granting the right to short and long meetings, leisure time and the application of disciplinary sanctions. In this study, we examined the importance of the gender-based approach, its regulation within the framework of universal, regional, and national standards, specific rules introduced in places of detention for women, and their practical implementation in Prison 7 Ruska.

“We Beat Them to Help Them Push”: Midwives’ Perceptions on Obstetric Violence in the Ashante and Western Regions of Ghana

Obstetric violence has been recognized as a major impediment to facility-based delivery, increasing the risk of preventable complications and maternal mortality. In Ghana, studies on women’s birth experiences reveal enormous and brutal acts of violence during delivery; however, inquiries into why midwives abuse women have not been extensively studied. This study explored the perspectives of midwives on the drivers of obstetric violence in the Western and Ashante Regions of Ghana. A qualitative study was conducted involving 30 in-depth interviews with midwives in eight health facilities. The data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 12. The results of the study reveal a normalization of violence in the delivery room and the intensity of violence is heightened during the second stage of labor. Midwives reported perpetrating or witnessing physical violence, abandonment of women, stigmatization of HIV women, verbal abuses such as shouting, and the detention of women in the health facilities. Midwives abuse women as a result of the pressures of the midwifery profession, poor maternal efforts of women, disrespect of midwives, women’s disobedience, and uncooperative attitudes. The culture of acceptability of obstetric violence is a major driver, contributing to its normalization. Midwives do not consider obstetric violence as abuse, but rather, as a delivery strategy which aids a successful delivery. It is therefore justified and viewed as a necessary part of the delivery process. There is a critical need for retraining midwives on alternative birthing strategies devoid of violence.

The Usual Suspects: Bourbon Quito through the Visita de Cárcel, 1732–1791

Abstract This article analyzes weekly visita de cárcel records from the Audiencia of Quito covering the years 1732–91. The first section considers the jail census as a manuscript form and performative practice. The second section identifies patterns in the visitas that document shifting carceral priorities during periods of political crisis and reform, increased detention of women, and the function of racial categories. These patterns suggest that Bourbon reformers used policing power as a form of social control while the visitas continued to operate as a performance of royal authority.

Women Detention and Incarceration in China: The 2010 Bangkok Rules, Domestic Humanitarian Values, and Legal-Political Priorities

Women Detention and Incarceration in China: The 2010 Bangkok Rules, Domestic Humanitarian Values, and Legal-Political Priorities

Descriptive study of sexual behaviour amongst women inmates of a Tunisian prison

Summary Introduction Prison is by definition a place where freedom is removed, and where the sexual dimension is also missing and sexual practices strictly prohibited. Studies concerning sexuality in prison are still few and far between. The aim of the present study was to make a first report on sexual behaviour in a Tunisian prison, and assess sexuality in a population of women prisoners and the impact of detention on some parameters of sexuality. Method We conducted a horizontal study for descriptive and analytical purposes, between March and August 2013 at the women's detention centre in Manouba. The women inmates were interviewed about their affective and sexual life using a hetero questionnaire with 27 items referring to various themes related to sexual behaviour before and after imprisonment. The items consisted of statements with single or multiple choices, and in some cases, open questions. Results Thirty women were included with mean age of 30.77 years. Three women (10%) were awaiting trial. More than half of the subjects (56.7%) describe their previous sex-life as poor and without commitment. Following their imprisonment, 73.3% of women reported a change in sexual desire and 53.3% reported a lack of fantasies. A third of inmates reported masturbatory activities and 23.33% admitted to having homosexual intercourse during their period of imprisonment. Conclusion The results of our study have enabled a process of reflection to be engaged on the actions to be proposed, targeting this taboo, in order to improve prison conditions.

Policy Agenda for Improvement of Human Rights about Women's Detention Facilities in the Police Stations

Policy Agenda for Improvement of Human Rights about Women's Detention Facilities in the Police Stations

Estudo de comportamento associado à infecção pelo HIV e HCV em detentas de um presídio de São Paulo, Brasil

An increase has been observed in AIDS and hepatitis C cases in women, including female prison inmates. This study focused on inmates' behavioral factors associated with risk of HIV and HCV transmission in a women's detention facility in São Paulo, Brazil. Behavioral questionnaires were applied and HIV and HCV serology were performed. The selected measure of association was odds ratio for both the bi and multivariate logistic regression analyses. 290 inmates participated in the study. HIV and HCV prevalence rates were 13.9% and 16.2%, respectively. Statistically significant associations were observed (p < 0.05) between HIV and the following variables: partner with AIDS OR = 6.9 (2.7-35.2); injection drug users (IDU) OR = 3.3 (1.6-14.7); regular partner OR = 3.7 (1.5-8.3), and between HCV and: IDU OR = 13.7 (4.4-42.7); IDU partner OR = 4.9 (1.9-12.2); previous arrest OR = 2.8 (1.2-6.5) adjusted for: partner with AIDS, IDU, IDU partner, drug user, and previous arrest. In conclusion, parenteral risk was associated with HIV and HCV infection and sexual risk with HIV. Appropriate and continuous preventive programs are recommended in the prison.

Surveillance of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in women in detention in Baltimore, Maryland.

In conjunction with a program to expand syphilis and HIV infection services, women were also offered screening for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) during intake at the Baltimore Women's Detention Center. The goal was to assess the effectiveness of a routine screening program for CT and GC in women in a detention setting. The association among infection, race, and area of residence was also explored. CT and GC prevalences were determined and analyzed by demographic data, including zipcode, for 1,858 women enrolled over a 48-week period. Informed consent was obtained, and infections were detected with use of urine samples tested by ligase chain reaction. Overall, the population had prevalence rates of 5.9% (109/1,858) and 3.4% (63/1,858) for CT and GC respectively. Among whites, CT and GC prevalences were 9.0% (29/323) and 8.7% (28/323), respectively. Among African Americans the prevalence rates were 5.1% (77/1,510) and 2.3% (34/1,510) for CT and GC, respectively. White women <25 years of age were associated with the highest CT and GC prevalences, at 20.0% (13/65) and 13.9% (9/65), respectively. African American women <25 years of age also were associated with the highest CT and GC prevalences, at 13.9% (24/173) and 5.8% (10/173), respectively. Multivariate analysis of risk factors and demographic data indicated that ages <25 years and 25 to 34 years, white race, and certain zipcodes of residence were risk factors for infection. This study illustrated that urine-based screening for CT and GC is feasible in detention settings and can be productive in high-prevalence areas. Geographic analysis demonstrated no definitive relationship among race, infection, and area of residence, although it did demonstrate clustering of infected individuals and could be useful in future interventions. These findings demonstrated the need for implementing screening programs for sexually transmitted infections in detention centers.

Women and war: the detention of women in wartime

The Women and War Project unit has been conducting a study of the impact of armed conflict on women and the normative and operational responses to their needs by the ICRC in carrying out its activities. This study will be published in 2001 and forms the basis for the implementation of a specific pledge on women and war made by the ICRC at the 27th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (Geneva, 1999) for four years from the year 2000. In that pledge, the ICRC undertook to increase its promotion both of the protection accorded to women by international humanitarian law and of the prohibition of sexual violence. It will also endeavour to ensure that all its protection, health and assistance activities appropriately meet the needs of women war victims in order to alleviate their plight.