Women Victims Of Sexual Violence Research Articles

Barriers to access to holistic care for women victims of sexual violence in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo: A brief report.

SynopsisSexual violence against women is a human rights violation and a major and serious problem for women's health.

Peranan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat SPEK-HAM Surakarta dalam memberikan layanan bantuan hukum pada Perempuan korban kekerasan seksual

This research aims to determine: (1) The role of the non-governmental organization SPEK-HAM Surakarta in providing legal aid services to women victims of sexual violence, (2) The obstacles faced by the non-governmental organization SPEK-HAM Surakarta in providing legal aid services to women victims of sexual violence. This study used qualitative research methods. In this research, the results were obtained in the form of: (1) The role of the Non-Governmental Organization SPEK-HAM Surakarta in providing legal aid services to women victims of sexual violence, namely (1) Receiving SPEK-HAM Case Complaint Reports; (2) Approach to Victims and Legal Consultation; (3) Mediation; (4) Legal Assistance. 2) The obstacles experienced are (1) During the mediation process, if the case is continued to the realm of law, the victim's family is also involved in the case, overcome by mediation accompanied by compensation, (2) the lack of perspective from the Police towards women victims of sexual violence is overcome by providing education and understanding for the police so they can handle cases of sexual violence based on the victim's perspective.

Human Rights as Fundamental and Universal Rights in Regulating the Fulfillment of the Rights of Women Victims of Sexual Violence

Sexual Violence and Human Rights in Indonesia, is a crucial issue in Indonesia, taking away the human rights and dignity of victims. Stigma and lack of protection exacerbate the situation. This article examines the relationship between sexual violence and human rights in Indonesia, and explores solutions for building a future free from sexual violence. This research uses a sociolegal method (mix method) with statutory, conceptual, factual, sociological and comparative approaches. Primary data was obtained from field research in Bali, and secondary data from various sources. Sexual violence is a serious human rights violation, and states have an obligation to protect victims and enforce the law. Stigma and lack of access to recovery services hinder the fulfillment of victims' rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and other human rights instruments affirm the right to security, freedom and dignity. Sexual violence violates these human rights principles. Collective efforts are needed to build an Indonesia free from sexual violence. These efforts include: Strengthening regulations and law enforcement. Increase public education and awareness. Building a support and recovery system for victims. Combat stigma and build positive narratives about victims. This research contributes to the understanding of the relationship between sexual violence and human rights in Indonesia, and offers solutions to build a better future for victims.

LEGAL PROTECTION FOR WOMEN VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE CITY OF MAKASSAR

Research objectives: (1) To analyze and explain whether existing regulations are able to provide protection for women victims of sexual violence. (2) To analyze and explain how the police provide legal protection for women victims of sexual violence. This study uses empirical research methods. This method is used to review or analyze primary data in the form of data in the field where the writer researched and the results of direct interviews and electronic questionnaires (e-questionnaires) submitted to respondents and then connected with secondary data in the form of legal materials to analyze legal protection women victims of sexual violence in the city of Makassar. The results of research related to legal protection for women victims of sexual violence in the city of Makassar have not been maximized, this is because the TPKS Law has not been implemented optimally, and during the last five years, the number of sexual violence has been quite high. In addition, there is no special room for examining victims (taking BAP), so the level of comfort and safety for victims during examinations is still minimal. Research Recommendations: Build a strategy to maximize the implementation of the TPKS Law and Strengthen the Capacity of APH and Facilitators; build maximum coordination of APH and related service institutions.

Protection of Women Victims of Sexual Violence in Indonesia in Perspectives of the 1945 Constitution After the Amendment

Background: After the 1998 reform, the amendments to the 1945 Constitution which were carried out, have brought about changes in the Indonesian state administration, the recognition, respect and protection of Human Rights (HAM) has become an important change clause in the NRI constitution. Several legal instruments related to protecting women from sexual violence, the latest legal product being Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence, demonstrate this commitment. Objective: The aim of this research is to analyze legal norms in various court decisions regarding the protection of women victims of sexual violence in Indonesia. Next, to look for a comprehensive concept of protection for women victims of sexual violence in national legal policies in Indonesia. Theoretical framework: This article will discuss and analyze the changes brought about by the 1945 Constitution after the amendments, especially regarding the protection of women against sexual violence. The extent to which the amendments to the 1945 Constitution have changed regarding the protection of women victims of sexual violence. There are contradictions regarding the condition of national criminal law regarding protective legal norms and sexual violence. This research proposes that there should be synchronization and harmonization efforts in national criminal law policies, in line with the 1945 Constitution which has been amended to ensure that the protection of women victims of sexual violence can be strategic and effective in Indonesia. In general, it provides benefits to help Indonesia carry out legal arrangements or reforms related to national criminal policies in line with the 1945 Constitution. Method: In this research, normative legal research methods are used to solve the legal problems being faced. This research to use several statutory approaches, a conceptual approach, a historical approach, a comparative approach and an analytical approach.

Advokasi Sosial terhadap Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Seksual di P2TP2A Kota Tangerang Selatan

Sexual violence that occurs against women can cause deep trauma for the victims who experience it. Victims tend to feel afraid when meeting other people, especially the opposite sex. Cases of sexual violence against women that occurred in South Tangerang City alone experienced an increase of 75% from the previous year. Therefore, there is a great need for a social advocacy process carried out by social service institutions such as P2TP2A. The aim of this research is to find out how the social advocacy process is carried out by P2TP2A South Tangerang City towards women victims of sexual violence. This research method uses descriptive qualitative through interviews, observation and documentation. The research results show that the social advocacy process carried out by P2TP2A South Tangerang City towards women consists of identifying problems, formulating solutions, building political awareness and desire, implementing policies and evaluating.

Legal Protection Against Sexual Violence on Women: A Study on Legislation

This study aims to examine the legal protection framework against sexual violence towards women based on Law Number 12 of 2022. This study uses normative legal research methods with a statute approach. These legal materials were collected through a systematic literature review. The results show that Law Number 12 of 2022 has introduced a new paradigm in enhancing legal protection for women victims of sexual violence. Law Number 12 of 2022 provides guarantees of protection and the fulfillment of rights for victims. It also emphasizes the proactive role of the state in assuring and implementing these rights. In providing safety-assuring assistance, the central and regional governments have a strategic role in administrating integrated services encompassing treatment, protection, and recovery for sexual violence victims. Therefore, it is recommended for stakeholders, especially the central and regional governments, to increase the intensity and quality of integrated services that encompass the treatment, protection, and recovery of victims of sexual violence, primarily women. Moreover, the relevant agencies must ensure that every victim has full access to the information and support required by the rights guaranteed by Law Number 12 of 2022. A close collaboration between the government, civil society organizations, and the community can reinforce the implementation of Law Number 12 of 2022. Lastly, educating the general public about protecting women from sexual violence should be continuously enhanced to foster an environment free from violence.

The implementation and effectiveness of Indonesian Supreme Court Rule No. 3 of 2017 on women victims of the sexual violence in Yogyakarta

PERMA (Supreme Court Rule) No. 3 of 2017 issued by the Supreme Court regulates the attitude guidelines for judges in adjudicating women's cases in conflict with the law, both criminal and civil cases involving women as victims, witnesses, or parties. These regulations can be used as a legal basis by judges in adjudicating cases of women in conflict with the law due to criminal acts of sexual violence. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing PERMA No. 3 of 2017 concerning guidelines for adjudicating cases of women in conflict with the law as a result of victims of sexual violence at the Yogyakarta District Court. The method used in this research is empirical normative, which focuses on collecting information obtained from judges at the Yogyakarta District Court regarding the effectiveness of PERMA No. 3 of 2017 against women as a result of victims of sexual violence. The approach methods that the author uses in this research include the conceptual approach, the statutory approach, and the case approach. The data collection method is through interviews and documentation of judges, and the data analysis used is descriptive-qualitative. This research concludes that PERMA No. 3 of 2017 has been quite effective in accordance with the theory of legal effectiveness, which uses several a quo decisions as samples to determine whether PERMA No. 3 of 2017 has been applied and implemented in the Yogyakarta District Court for women victims of sexual violence.

5·18 당시 계엄군에 의한 여성 성폭력 사건에 대한 국제형사재판소(ICC) 및 국내법원에의 제소 가능성

State-level investigations into state violence that occurred during the May 18 Democratization Movement were conducted several times. So far, the investigation has focused on the truth about excessive suppression, firing and shooting from helicopters by martial law forces. However, the fact-finding of the case of sexual violence against women committed by martial law troops at that time was not properly investigated. In this situation, courageous testimonies of women victims of sexual violence were reported in the media, including the Hankyoreh Newspaper, Yonhap News and SBS Broadcasting in May 2018. As a result, society became aware of the seriousness of the problem.
 The Ministry of National Defense, the National Human Rights Commission of Korea, and the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family launched the “Joint Investigation Team for Sexual Violence by the May 18 Martial Law Forces” in June 2018. As a result of the investigation, a number of violations of women's human rights, such as sexual harassment, were found, including 17 cases of sexual assault by martial law troops at the time. And the May 18 Democratization Movement Truth Committee, which was launched in January 2020, is closely investigating cases of sexual violence against women by martial law forces. According to the May 18 committee's investigation results, at least two of the victims of sexual assault were revealed to be high school girls, and it was found that group sexual assault occurred at least twice.
 In particular, after the results of the investigation by the Joint Investigation Team were announced in 2018, the public demanded that not only the direct perpetrators of sexual violence, but also the commanders of related units be identified and punished criminally. It is expected that the demand for such criminal punishment for those involved will increase even more after the results of the investigation by the May 18 committee are finally announced.
 In this regard, the statute of limitations has been completed at the present time. Therefore, there is no longer a right to prosecute, and criminal punishment is impossible. On the other hand, some have suggested that cases of sexual violence against women by martial law forces can be prosecuted at the International Criminal Court(ICC) because they fall under Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. In addition, even if it is difficult to prosecute the ICC, there is a view that the perpetrators of sexual violence can be prosecuted and punished in domestic courts based on the criminality of ‘crime against humanity’, which was an international crime in 1980, based on customary international law.
 Therefore, in this paper, first, in relation to the case of sexual violence against women by martial law troops at the time of the May 18, the results of the Joint Investigation Team's investigation of sexual violence against women by martial law troops were briefly reviewed(Ⅱ). Second, as a result of the investigation by the Joint Investigation Team and the May 18 committee, if the substantive true of the case of sexual violence against women by martial law forces was revealed, and the direct perpetrators and related martial law commanders were identified, the possibility of prosecuting them to the International Criminal Court was reviewed(Ⅲ). Thirdly, if criminal punishment through the International Criminal Court is difficult for the relevant person, the possibility of prosecuting them in a domestic court and punishing them was reviewed(Ⅳ).

(322) The COVID-19 Pandemic and Outpatient Follow-up of Victims of Sexual Violence in a Public Health Service in Northeast Brazil

Abstract Introduction Before the pandemic context, domestic violence was already considered a violation of human rights with high visibility worldwide. With the COVID-19 pandemic and the adoption of preventive measures such as social distancing and prioritization of care for cases of the disease in health units, there was a lack of care for other health issues, such as assistance to women victims of violence. Objective To analyze how the repercussions of the pandemic context and the measures to combat SARS-CoV-2 affected the follow-up of women victims of sexual violence assisted in a reference service in Northeast Brazil. Methods Qualitative analysis with a descriptive character. A semi-structured interview and simple observation were used. To complement the data, bibliographic and documental research were carried out. Bardin's content analysis was adopted. A convenience sample was used, which resulted in 14 women, and data saturation. As inclusion criteria, they were older than 18 years old, attended by the service between March and November 2020, attended at least one appointment and who freely agreed to participate. Male and under 18 years old patients were excluded. Results In 2020, there was a reduction in appointment bookings (24%) and outpatient visits (27%) compared to the same period in 2019. Regarding the sample, 64.28% were between 19-39 years old, the majority declared themselves brown /black (50%) and being single (71%). About 36% had completed high school, the same percentage that was unemployed. Half (50%) of the interviewees did not receive social or social security benefits and lived in a rented house (50%). Most did not know about the service offered and found out from the referral of friends or a public safety or health agency that they sought as a result of the episode of sexual violence. Regarding the pandemic context and outpatient follow-up, it was noted that many mentioned the decrease in the supply of transport and also made reference to the fear of leaving home and being contaminated. A factor greatly reinforced by the interviewees was the economic risk that the pandemic brought to the routine, whether due to formal unemployment or the impediment to carrying out their autonomous activities. In this context, economic insecurity was cited as one of the recurring reasons for not attending appointments. Questions were also asked about the understanding and evaluation of multidisciplinary care and a positive response was received, validating the intersectoral work developed in the service. Conclusions Violence is a dynamic that is constantly being reformulated, due to the historical context. The decrease in demand and increase in absenteeism were linked to fear of contamination, financial difficulties and lack of knowledge about the service. Actions to improve surveillance and management of sexual violence must be an essential part of the fight against COVID-19. Disclosure No

Patriarchal Culture, Sexual Violence, and Legal Protection for Women in Indonesia

Patriarchal culture cannot be separated from women's lives. Male domination over women has become a daily reality in many countries. Patriarchal culture assumes that women are "objects" and men are humans. In this case, men become subjects, and women as objects are regulated by men in various lines of life and culture. The impact of patriarchal culture is to place women who experience sexual violence in a worse position. At the level of the construction of a large Indonesian society that still uses a patriarchal paradigm, women are placed as second-class citizens. As a result, often the statements and reports from women are not heard. A further implication for women victims of sexual violence is that they are re-victimized by society, considered as the party that caused the violence. This article will raise two legal issues related to legal theory and law. The first legal issue in this paper is related to feminist legal theory based on the feminist view that in history, law is to perpetuate the position of women under the subordination of men. After discussing feminist legal theory, the author will discuss the second issue, namely law related to law enforcement in the field of sexual violence and its relation to feminist legal theory. Feminist legal theory is needed in building the basis of statutory norms (legal dogmatics) and the justice system to eliminate all forms of violence, especially sexual violence.

Pemberdayaan Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Seksual

Sexual violence against women is a social problem that cannot be avoided. The policy of UPT PPA as a provider of protection services for women victims of sexual violence and empowerment carried out by UPT PPA Makassar is through training. This paper aims to identify forms of sexual violence against women, describe the implementation of women's empowerment for victims of sexual violence and measure the success rate of women's empowerment programs. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, the data used in the form of empirical data and obtained through observations and interviews and accompanied by the results of documentation. The results showed that victims of sexual violence against women there were forms of violence, namely rape and sexual harassment. Therefore, the efforts made by UPT PPA Makassar help victims so that they gradually recover and improve psychologically. Victims of sexual violence after receiving recovery can be empowered with sewing training and show their identity as women and can change economic conditions so that women can empower themselves and be more independent.

Blood-borne infections and pregnancies among women attending a sexual violence assistance center in Brazil: A 10-year retrospective study.

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) and pregnancy can be consequences of sexual violence. In Brazil, around 50% of women victims of sexual violence do not undergo STI prophylaxis or emergency contraception. To analyze socio-demographic and epidemiological profile, frequency of procedures performed, frequency of blood-borne infections (BBI), pregnancy, and legal abortion in women assisted by a sexual violence assistance center. This 10-year retrospective cohort study (2010-2019) describes the socio-demographic and epidemiological profile and frequencies of clinical procedures, BBI, pregnancies, and legal abortions in 915 women assisted in a sexual violence assistance center in Brazil. We extracted data from the medical records and used descriptive statistics and chi-square and logistic regression. A total of 93.3% (842/915) were residents in the Metropolitan Area of the capital, 80,83% (733/915) were brown-skinned or white, 42.4% (388/915) were adolescents (12-17 years old), 80.4% (736/915) were single, most had no children, average of 1.8 (±1.0 DP) children. About one-third (313/915) had not had previous sexual intercourse, 1.6% (10/653) were pregnant. Rape predominated with 92.0% (841/915), of which 51.5% (471/915) involved a known or related aggressor, mostly an acquaintance, followed by a stepfather or father. Recurrent cases were 24.0% (227/915). 42.6% (390/915) were attended within 72 hours and received STI prophylaxis 43.4% (392/904); emergency contraception 38.6% (349/904); blood collection 71.6% (647/904). Prevalence: syphilis 0.3% (2/653); hepatitis B 0.2% (1/653); pregnancy 1.6% (10/653). Incidences: syphilis 1.1% (7/633); hepatitis B 0.8% (5/633); hepatitis C 0.6% (4/633); pregnancy 27.2% (172/633). There were no HIV cases. Trichomoniasis at 1.9% (2/108), HPV-induced cytological lesions at 4.7% (5/108), and bacterial vaginosis at 20.0% (21/108) were found on cervicovaginal samples. There were 129 legal abortions. The socio-demographic aspects and the characteristics of the aggressions in the studied population are like those described in the Brazilian national database, including the remarkable number of adolescents. STI prophylaxis and emergency contraception were performed in less than half of the women. The incidence of pregnancy was higher among those women reporting firearms threats and lower among those receiving STI prophylaxis. The frequency of legal abortion was higher than in national data. Public policies ensuring access to sexual and reproductive health rights and strategies to improve the quality of care for women victims of sexual violence and education improvement may decrease vulnerability to STI and unintended pregnancies.

SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

Objective: To demonstrate the number of cases of sexual violence against women and the importance of nursing care. Method: This is a bibliographic research, where articles in Portuguese were searched from the year 2016 to 2021, original articles available in full, in online format were included. Results: The study revealed that since the year 1980 that in Brazil there have been discussions about sexual violence, technical standard was created having as objective the care of these victims. Conclusion: It is important to emphasize that nurses are extremely important in assisting and welcoming women victims of sexual violence, since they are in the front line of care and can positively impact the identification process, as well as welcoming the woman to feel comfortable in such a situation.

Human rights in women victims of sexual violence in the armed conflict: A systematic review

The purpose of this article was focused on analyzing the adjacent factors related to human rights in women victims of sexual violence in the context of the armed conflict. The quantitative method of descriptive approach was selected under the systematic review technique using the PRISMA guide. As a result, it was obtained that women continue to be instrumentalized in wars, their physical and psychosocial vulnerability persisting in all spheres of life; This being a phenomenon that continues to grow globally given the characteristics associated with political, social and religious structures. As a conclusion, it was identified that, although there are jurisprudential guidelines and policies, these are insufficient and do not protect the human rights of women victims..

VICTIM BLAMING: LABELING FOR WOMEN VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE

The problem of blaming victims is related to the strong traditions and culture of the community that still perpetuate gender stereotypes. This study aims to examine the implications of patriarchal culture on the position of women as subordinates, the concept of blaming the victim against the women victims of sexual violence and human rights studies on victim blaming and labeling for women victims of sexual violence. The culture of gender injustice in the society makes women often get negative labels, in which the women who look beautiful and dress up using rather tight and sexy clothes are always considered as inviting the opposite sex to commit sexual harassment. This is then always used and associated with labeling of victims of sexual harrasment in which the society tends to blame victims of sexual harrasment or victim blaming. This type of research is a normative juridical research that is prescriptively providing solutions to the legal protection for victims related to victim blaming and labeling women as victims of sexual violence in the view of human rights that difinitely violates the constitution and law.

SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

This article will address the crime of rape and the impact of patriarchal culture on our judicial system, discussing the historical aspects that involve sexual violence against women and institutions such as: family, church, school, and state. This work will also address the increase in the crime of rape in Brazil and its consequences for victims. The research has as research problem the following guiding question: Is the patriarchal criminal justice system silent in relation to women victims of sexual violence? The objective is to analyze the treatment that the criminal justice system offers to women victims of sexual violence due to rape. The method to be performed in this research is a literature review, with regard to the objectives is exploratory and with regard to the methodology, the approach is deductive.

“It’s not only the bad side” - Experiences reported by health professionals working with women victims of sexual violence in a Brazilian university specialized outpatient service: A qualitative study

IntroductionHealth Psychology is a scientific branch that studies interpersonal relationships in the field of emotions and behavior in clinical settings. Violence against women is a gender-based action that alarmingly affects the population, with sexual violence (SV) being one of its main phenomena. The complexity of the care offered to SV patients by clinical professionals impacts themselves, affecting their personal lives and the quality of their work.ObjectivesTo explore symbolic emotional meanings attributed by health professionals to care and follow-up of women victims of SV in state service of reference of the Unified Health System.MethodsClinical-Qualitative design was used to guide semi-directed interviews with open-ended questions in-depth. Clinical-Qualitative Content Analysis was employed to treat data. Five participants make up the multi-professional team at the Hospital of the Woman of the State University of Campinas. Theoretical framework chosen to interpret categories was Balintian Medical Psychology.ResultsThree categories were selected for this presentation: The human anguishes as the main challenge and handling of working with sexual violence; “To see things progressing”: to the patient and together with the team, a facilitator of the work; and “I try to leave it on the three’s leaves”: the difficult attempt to separate work from personal life.ConclusionsTaking care of SV is a very emotionally demanding task. Working with the team and see expected outcomes help clinical professionals deal with negative feelings, avoiding, for example, compensatory traumas. New research about social-cultural impacts of working with SV is important to develop institutional approaches of coping for health teams.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

“But she was drunk”: Sexual violence and Blaming the victim

Various studies have been demonstrating the importance of patriarchal values in the structuring of society, especially with regard to sexual violence against women, pointing out that women themselves are still blamed for the violence that they suffer. The work presented here falls within this context and analyzes how the social representations of university students about women victims of sexual violence are structured (Study 1; N = 288) and how information about the victim's skin color can affect the judgment that is made about women victims of sexual violence (study 2; N = 99). Together, the results indicate that the woman was blamed for the violence she suffered and this becomes more evident in the situation in which the woman was Black.

The Role of Legal Aid Institutions in Providing Legal Aid to Women as Victims of Sexual Violence

The purpose of this research is to know the legal aid effort given by LBH APIK to victims of sexual violence and obstacles faced by LBH APIK in providing legal assistance to women victims of sexual violence. This research is a field research, the data collected by the method of interview to the parties related to the research topic. In addition, the authors also conduct literature research through related data and books related to research topics. Furthermore, the data are analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The results showed that: 1) Legal standing of Legal Assistance Association of Indonesian Women Association for Justice as known as LBH APIK in providing legal assistance to women victims of violence is based on Law Number 16 in Year 2011 about Legal Assistance, Law Number 18 in Year 2003 concerning Advocates and Standard Operating Procedures as known as SOP. The role in providing legal assistance to women as victims is litigation and non-litigation. Litigation is a process of assistance from the beginning of handling cases to verdicts in court, non-litigation is a process outside the court that is until the mediation step. In addition, LBH APIK performs other legal reinforcements such as legal counseling and legal seminars conducted in the region of Makassar. 2) The Obstacles faced by LBH APIK in handling the case is the victim who is reluctant to tell his case as well as the police who assume that if there is sexual violence in women it is on the basis of mutual desire factor not because of coercion factor.