Women Self-reported Use Research Articles

Pharmacokinetic Characterization to Enable Medicine Use in Pregnancy, the Potential Role of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling: A Regulatory Perspective.

It is generally recommended that use of medicines should be avoided during pregnancy, sometimes however use of a medicine is essential to safeguard the health of mother and baby. A very limited number of medicines are however specifically licensed for use in pregnancy. This article considers the potential of PBPK modelling as a predictive tool to investigate the expected systemic exposure of medicines in pregnant women and to support possible dosing adjustment to maintain efficacy.

Intimate partner violence among postpartum women reporting prior fertility treatment

To determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among women reporting use of fertility services compared to those who conceived spontaneously in a national sample of postpartum women. A cross-sectional population-based study using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), which included women with recent live births between 2009-2016. Women self-reported use and type of fertility treatment as well as IPV before or during their most recent pregnancy. Weighted percentages for reported IPV were calculated and compared between women with and without a prior history of fertility treatment preceding their recent pregnancy. We adjusted for maternal age, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal education, marital status, pre-pregnancy BMI, number of stressors (e.g. homelessness) experienced in the preceding 12 months prior to delivery, tobacco use in the three months prior to pregnancy, pre-pregnancy health insurance, annual household income, number of prior live births, outcome of prior pregnancy (including preterm or low birth weight), birth plurality, outcome of most recent pregnancy (including NICU admission or neonatal death), breastfeeding status of most recent neonate. Using multivariate logistic regression, the adjusted odds of IPV as a function of fertility treatment status were calculated. Of the 37,114 women, 4,664 (12.6%) reported fertility treatment and 766 (2.1%) reported IPV. Of the women who reported use of fertility treatment, 59 (1.3%) reported IPV prior to or during their most recent pregnancy. Women who reported use of fertility treatment were less likely to endorse IPV as compared to women who did not report use of fertility treatment prior to their most recent pregnancy (p<0.0001). After adjustment, the odds of IPV were similar among women who received fertility treatment and those who did not (adjusted odds ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 0.64-1.89). There was no difference in type of fertility treatment and IPV (including fertility-enhancing drugs, artificial or intrauterine insemination, assisted reproductive technology, or other medical treatment). Predictors of IPV within this population included age less than 20, greater number of reported stressors, tobacco use prior to pregnancy, and household annual income less than $52,000. Non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity and being married were protective against IPV. Despite the known adverse psychosocial implications of infertility, its treatment did not confer greater risk of IPV within this postpartum population. The difficulties associated with infertility, however, may have been mitigated by successful treatment but could be potentiated if unsuccessful. The preconception period, inclusive of encounters with infertility specialists, represents a unique opportunity to screen and counsel women, especially those who may be at higher risk for IPV.

Sensitivity of Self-Report Mammography Use in Older Women

Recent survey evidence indicates a decline in mammography use among older women. The objective of this study was to detect sensitivity of self-reported mammography use and pose evidence-based suggestions to increase survey accuracy. Using the 1991-2006 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, 15,357 women, aged > or =65 years, were selected based on use of mammography services. The women were interviewed in the community setting at random periods after screening and asked, Have you had a mammogram or breast X-ray since [today's date or previous supplement round interview date] a year ago? Statistical analyses were conducted between March 11 and April 28 of 2008. This study tested whether sensitivity (i.e., probability of an affirmative response) was dependent on length of the recall period and on respondent demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Overall, 90.4% of the older women self-reported use; however, sensitivity decreased as the recall period lengthened (90% at 6 months, 80% at 12 months). This time effect was significantly higher among older, economically disadvantaged women. Sensitivity also decreased an additional 13.8% if the event occurred in the previous calendar year, and 3.5% if conducted in a non-English language or by proxy. Greatest sensitivity occurred during the 6-month period after service without straddling calendar years. These findings may aid the tailoring of future surveys for older adults, improving the recall of preventive services.

Investigating Three Explanations of Women's Relationship Aggression

This study investigated explanations of women's partner aggression in a sample of 358 women. Women completed measures of physical aggression, control, and fear. Three explanations of women's partner aggression were explored: (a) that its use is associated with fear, (b) that it is reciprocal, and (c) that it is coercive. Each explanation received partial support, with multivariate analysis showing that collectively they explained significant proportions of the variance in women's self-reported use of physical aggression toward their male partners. These results indicate that women's physical aggression toward male partners cannot be understood using a unitary explanation.