Women Of Various Ages Research Articles

The Characteristics and Inheriting Pattern of Skin Aging in Chinese Women: An Intergenerational Study of Mothers and Daughters.

The aging of the skin, which is affected by both external and internal causes, can reflect the external age and the internal health status. While the aging characteristics differ across ethnic groups, the specific changes in skin aging within the Chinese population have been underexplored. Moreover, investigating the similarity of aging skin characteristics between parent-offspring pairs remains uncharted territory. This study aims to fill these gaps by examining the skin aging features of Chinese women and assessing the similarity in aging skin characteristics between mother-daughter pairs. A total of 40 mother-daughter pairs were recruited and analyzed. The perceived ages of the participants were evaluated, and their aging skin traits were systematically graded. Statistical methods were employed to discern the trends of the aging skin characteristics. By introducing a novel similarity parameter, we compared whether various skin aging characteristics have similar patterns between mothers and daughters. Our findings indicate that age 50 represents a pivotal point in skin aging. Beyond this age, the increase in rhytides and laxity scores accelerated noticeably, whereas the escalation in dyschromia scores became less marked. By introducing similar parameters between mother-daughter pairs and the radar map, we discovered that the skin aging characteristics are remarkably consistent between mother-daughter pairs. Understanding the main aging skin characteristics of different age groups can allow caregivers to devise treatments for preventing skin aging in women of various ages. The mother's skin aging trend is also significant for the daughter's skin aging prevention.

Mediterranean diet: Fighting breast cancer naturally: A review.

The effects and mechanisms of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on the incidence, recurrence, and prevention of breast cancer (BC) have been extensively investigated since the 1990s. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in understanding the relationship between the components of the MD and BC, particularly in terms of their role and adherence. This comprehensive review focuses on several key aspects: the influence of the adherence of MD in cohort studies conducted across different regions on BC, the effects and mechanisms of individual component or main components as well as the supplementation of vitamins, drugs, exercise, and other factors of MD on BC; the variations in the impact of the MD on premenopausal and postmenopausal women, as well as different types in BC cases; the possible mechanisms underlying the development, recurrence, and prevention of BC in relation to the MD; and the interaction effects of individual genetic polymorphisms with the MD. Based on current research findings, this review highlights the key issues and identifies future research directions in investigating the relationship between the MD and BC. Furthermore, it suggests that healthy women of various ages and BC patients should adhere to MD in order to prevent BC or improve the prognosis.

Peculiarities of using modern fitness technologies with women in the second trimester during pregnancy

The article discusses the features of using modern fitness technologies with women during pregnancy in the second trimester. Materials and methods: total of 20 women of various ages (from 21 to 34 years old), who were at different stages of pregnancy, most of whom (70%) were in the second trimester of pregnancy, took part in the study. No medical contraindications were found in any of them. Results: according to the results of the questionnaire, it was established that most women, namely 80%, kept in shape through fitness. Also most women choose "calm" types of fitness: pilates (45%), yoga (30%) and "light" cardio (40%), and only 10% preferred strength training. Video recordings of the most popular curling fitness programs during pregnancy, particularly during the second trimester, were also analyzed. Conclusions: based on the results of the analysis, it was established that all four groups of fitness programs, including pilates, yoga, exercises in the water and stretching, can be effective for pregnant women in the second trimester, provided that the programs are designed taking into account the specifics of this period. In addition, given the variety of these programs, pregnant women can choose the one that best suits their needs and physical capabilities. Features of the use of equipment in fitness classes with pregnant women in comparison with women who are not pregnant are as follows: a) exercises are performed at a slower pace, without sudden movements and increased intensity; b) during exercises it is necessary to avoid positions that can lead to overstrain of the muscles of the abdomen and thighs, as well as to the danger of a fall (loss of balance) of a pregnant woman.

Resilience Across the Life Course for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence.

This study employed a life course perspective to explore the resilience of Canadian women of various ages who had experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). Interpretive description was used to analyze 22 in-depth, semi-structured interview transcripts with women who ranged in age from >19 to 60+ years. Results revealed that developmental age affected service accessibility and effectiveness, historical age shaped abuse normalization, and social age presented barriers and facilitators to women's resilience. This study highlighted the central role of resilience for women of all ages who have experienced IPV and emphasized the need for accessible, effective, and supportive services.

Prevalence and determinants of minimum dietary diversity for women of reproductive age in Uganda

BackgroundGlobally, over a billion women of reproductive age (WRA) suffer from some kind of undernutrition micronutrient deficiencies, and/or anemia as a result of inadequate dietary diversity. This leads to poor maternal and child health outcomes, however, there is limited research on population level research on minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W). This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of MDD-W among WRA in Uganda.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of data from the lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) survey conducted across 55 Ugandan districts between May and September 2022. Women of various ages were interviewed across 5 study subgroups that this study used to construct its study population (WRA). Descriptive analyses, tests for outcome differences, and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression were conducted at a 5% statistical significance level using STATA version 17. The results were reported using Adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) as the measure of the outcome.ResultsThe study analyzed responses from 29,802 WRA with a mean age of 27.8 (± 6.8) years. Only 8.8% (95% CI 8.5–9.3) achieved the MDD-W, the least proportion was observed in the South-Central region (3.13%). In the adjusted analysis, WRA who were older than 25 years (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.1–1.3, p < 0.001), had secondary education (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.7, p = 0.003) or above (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.2, p < 0.001), and used modern contraceptives (aOR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.3, p = 0.01) were more likely to achieve the MDD-W. Conversely, WRA who travelled longer distances to the nearest household water source (aOR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.7–0.9, p = 0.002) and those residing in larger households (aOR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.8-1.0, p = 0.019) were less likely to achieve the MDD-W.ConclusionA low proportion of WRA met the MDD-W. Age, education level, household sizes and use of modern contraception were predictors of MDD-W among WRA in Uganda. MDD-W-related program efforts in Uganda should strengthen multisectoral collaboration with prioritization of younger women, education, household sizes and access to safe water sources.

Fractional CO2 Laser for Vulvar Tissue Rejuvenation: A Prospective Study.

Objective: Aging and changes in hormone levels influence the appearance of the vulva, including the texture, pigmentation, and other manifestations, all of which may largely affect the physical and mental health of women. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser treatment for vulvar rejuvenation in Chinese women. Background: The limited options currently available for vulvar rejuvenation raise concerns. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether the fractional CO2 laser can safely and effectively rejuvenate the vulvar area for women of various ages and races. Methods: The study included 17 patients (mean age = 36.4 years) treated three times by continuous fractional CO2 laser with an interval of 1 month between each session. The primary outcomes were changes in vulva texture and pigmentation. Treatment was evaluated using images of the patients. Baseline and posttreatment images were collected and evaluated using a scoring system from 0 to 3 to grade the vulvar texture and pigmentation changes. In addition, patients rated their degree of vaginal rejuvenation after the treatment using a scoring system from 0 to 3. Results: Fractional CO2 laser treatment effectively and significantly increased vulvar texture and decreased vulvar pigmentation after three sessions (p < 0.05). Patients also self-reported noticeable improvement. There were no adverse reactions during the treatment and follow-up. Conclusions: Fractional CO2 laser treatment is a safe and effective method for vulvar rejuvenation in women.

Pengaruh Digital Marketing terhadap Keputusan Pembeli pada UMKM Q Raden Kaos Polos di Kota Serang

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of digital marketing on purchasing decisions at Q Raden kaos polos. The method used in this study is quantitative research methods and instruments used, namely questionnaires measured using a Likert scale. The analysis used in this study is simple linear regression analysis. The number of respondents in this study were 100 respondents consisting of men and women of various ages and occupations. From the results of data analysis obtained the coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.194, so that it can be interpreted that E-commerce has a very low influence on purchasing decisions at Q Raden kaos polos. The results of the simple linear regression analysis, a positive regression coefficients is obtained so it can be said that the direction of the influence E-Commerce variables on the purchasing decision variable positive.

Development and application of artificial intelligence-based facial skin image diagnosis system: Changes in facial skin characteristics with ageing in Korean women.

To develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic system for analysing facial skin images using expert judgements and explore its feasibility for skin ageing research, specifically by evaluating facial skin changes in Korean women of various ages. Our AI-based facial skin diagnosis system (Dr. AMORE®) uses facial images of Korean women to analyse wrinkles, pigmentation, skin pores, and other skin red spots. The system is trained using clinical expert evaluations and deep learning. We assessed the system's precision and sensitivity by analysing the correlation between the diagnoses by the AI system and those of the experts. We used 120 images of Korean women aged 10-60 years to evaluate the changes in various facial skin characteristics with ageing. The precision and sensitivity of the developed system were excellent (>0.9%), and the diagnosis scores using the detected area and intensity of each item were correlated significantly higher with the visual evaluation results of the clinical experts (>0.8, p < 0.001). We also analysed facial images of Korean women aged 10-60 years to quantify changes in the scores of wrinkles, pigmentation, and skin pores with age. We identified the age group with the most significant changes as 20s to 30s. Analysis of the detailed skin characteristics of each item showed that wrinkles and pigmentation changed significantly in the 20s-30s, and skin pores increased significantly in the 10s-20s. There was no significant correlation with age or change according to the age group for skin red spots. Developed AI-based facial skin diagnosis system can automatically diagnose skin conditions based on clinical expert judgement using only photographic images and analyse various items in detail, quantitatively, and visually. This AI system can provide new and useful approaches in research areas that require a lot of resources and different characterizations, such as the study of facial skin ageing.

Development and validation of a predictive model of abnormal uterine bleeding associated with ovulatory dysfunction: a case-control study

BackgroundAbnormal uterine bleeding associated with ovulatory dysfunction (AUB-O) is a typical gynecological disease that can affect women of various ages. Being able to identify women at risk of AUB-O could allow physicians to take timely action. This study aimed to identify the influencing factors of AUB-O in Chinese women, and then develop and validate a predictive model.MethodsIn this multicenter case–control study, 391 women with AUB-O and 838 controls who came from nine hospitals in Zhejiang province were recruited between April 2019 and January 2022. All the participants completed a structured questionnaire including general characteristics, lifestyle and habits, menstrual and reproductive history, and previous diseases. The predictive model was developed on a group of 822 women and validated on a group of 407 women. Logistic regression was adopted to investigate the influencing factors and develop the model, and validation was then performed.ResultsThe independent predictive factors of AUB-O were age (OR 1.073, 95% CI 1.046—1.102, P < 0.001), body mass index (OR 1.081, 95% CI 1.016—1.151, P = 0.015), systolic blood pressure (OR 1.016, 95% CI 1.002—1.029, P = 0.023), residence (OR 2.451, 95% CI 1.727—3.478, P < 0.001), plant-based diet (OR 2.306, 95% CI 1.415—3.759, P < 0.001), fruits eating (OR 1.887, 95% CI 1.282—2.776, P = 0.001), daily sleep duration (OR 0.819; 95% CI 0.708—0.946, P = 0.007), multiparous (parity = 1, OR 0.424, 95% CI 0.239—0.752, P = 0.003; parity > 1, OR 0.450, 95% CI 0.247—0.822, P = 0.009), and history of ovarian cyst (OR 1.880, 95% CI 1.305—2.710, P < 0.001). The predictive ability (area under the curve) in the development group was 0.77 (95% CI 0.74—0.81), while in the validation group it was 0.73 (95% CI 0.67—0.79). The calibration curve was in high coincidence with the standard curve in the development group, and similar to the validation group. A tool for AUB-O risk calculation was created.ConclusionsNine influencing factors and a predictive model were proposed in this study, which could identify women who are at high risk of developing AUB-O. This finding highlights the importance of early screening and the lifelong management of ovulatory disorders for women.

Efficacy of educational instructions on pelvic floor muscle training in the treatment of urinary incontinence: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of educational interventions on pelvic floor (PF) muscle training in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI). This is a systematic review of literature with meta-analysis, performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). To do so, randomized clinical trials that performed educational interventions of PF, UI,and developed the training of PFmuscles (TPFM) for incontinent women, performing group or individual comparisons, with control and experimental groups or with two or more experimental groups were selected. The search for papers was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and SciELO, no specific publication date was chosen. The risk of bias was performed using the PEDro scale and the quality of the evidence was performed using GRADE. The review included six studies with 1003 participants. Most studies presented 5-8 points regarding risk of bias. Most of the studies were performed in the last 5years, with women of various ages, high educational leveland prevalence of UIof effort. The present study showed that offering educational instructions and guiding women on TPFM was capable of reducing urinary symptoms. When compared to control, significant between-group differences were found in the studies, in which the control group did not receive any kind of instructions or treatment (p < 0.05). The use of technologies through mobile apps was efficient in the treatment of incontinent women (p < 0.05). Performing TPFM individually or in groups did not present differences in the results, with both improving urinary symptoms.The meta-analysis presented a mean effect and a clinically important difference in three studies. The interventions involving instructions to TPFM associated to health education brought improvements to urinary symptoms.

The Relationship of Personal Hygiene Knowledge in the Incidence of Vaginal Discharge A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies

Genital hygiene is an important part of a woman's health and important for protecting reproductive health. Women engage in many genital hygiene practices that have direct and indirect effects on the genitals and the potential for sexually transmitted infections. Every year, around 100 million women worldwide are affected by genital infections which can cause vaginitis, cervicitis, and urethritis, and trichomoniasis (Shah et al., 2019). Young women alone already have an estimated incidence of vaginitis of 10-25% (Tavani et al., 2015). This systematic literature review aims to present a systematic review of the relationship between personal hygiene in maintaining vulvar hygiene and leucorrhoea. The population is women of various age ranges. To present a systematic review of cross-sectinal approaches with 8 journals from 2016 to 2022. The results of the study (Prasanthi et al., 2017) for knowledge about vaginal discharge, 98.5% obtained &lt;50% and only 8 (1.5% ) which has a score between 50% -75%. The conclusion of various cross-sectional studies has provided evidence that there is a lack of knowledge about personal hygiene for vaginal discharge among women of childbearing age. The findings of this study provide an insight that knowledge of personal hygiene on vaginal discharge in the productive age group must be increased and as health workers provide more information or education to women about vaginal discharge to improve their quality of life.

Digital Technologies for Women's Pelvic Floor Muscle Training to Manage Urinary Incontinence Across Their Life Course: Scoping Review.

Women with urinary incontinence (UI) may consider using digital technologies (DTs) to guide pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) to help manage their symptoms. DTs that deliver PFMT programs are readily available, yet uncertainty exists regarding whether they are scientifically valid, appropriate, and culturally relevant and meet the needs of women at specific life stages. This scoping review aims to provide a narrative synthesis of DTs used for PFMT to manage UI in women across their life course. This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework. A systematic search of 7 electronic databases was conducted, and primary quantitative and qualitative research and gray literature publications were considered. Studies were eligible if they focused on women with or without UI who had engaged with DTs for PFMT, reported on outcomes related to the use of PFMT DTs for managing UI, or explored users' experiences of DTs for PFMT. The identified studies were screened for eligibility. Data on the evidence base for and features of PFMT DTs using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template for PFMT, PFMT DT outcomes (eg, UI symptoms, quality of life, adherence, and satisfaction), life stage and culture, and the experiences of women and health care providers (facilitators and barriers) were extracted and synthesized by ≥2 independent reviewers. In total, 89 papers were included (n=45, 51% primary and n=44, 49% supplementary) involving studies from 14 countries. A total of 28 types of DTs were used in 41 primary studies, including mobile apps with or without a portable vaginal biofeedback or accelerometer-based device, a smartphone messaging system, internet-based programs, and videoconferencing. Approximately half (22/41, 54%) of the studies provided evidence for or testing of the DTs, and a similar proportion of PFMT programs were drawn from or adapted from a known evidence base. Although PFMT parameters and program compliance varied, most studies that reported on UI symptoms showed improved outcomes, and women were generally satisfied with this treatment approach. With respect to life stage, pregnancy and the postpartum period were the most common focus, with more evidence needed for women of various age ranges (eg, adolescent and older women), including their cultural context, which is a factor that is rarely considered. Women's perceptions and experiences are often considered in the development of DTs, with qualitative data highlighting factors that are usually both facilitators and barriers. DTs are a growing mechanism for delivering PFMT, as evidenced by the recent increase in publications. This review highlighted the heterogeneity in types of DTs, PFMT protocols, the lack of cultural adaptations of most of the DTs reviewed, and a paucity in the consideration of the changing needs of women across their life course.

Diagnosis for Community Education of Oregano and Damiana in the Community of Camargo.

The objective of the present investigation is to show the results obtained in the community training that was carried out with residents of the Camargo community in Peña Miller, where the objective was to provide the tenants with the necessary tools and knowledge to take advantage of the oregano resources and the damiana as inputs for the elaboration of products that help them improve their economic situation. The methodology used is of a quantitative nature, related to the type of sample for convenience due to the very small universe that was had due to the restrictions of the health contingency that was experienced worldwide. The characteristics of the population are varied, all women of various ages and occupations. Finally, it is concluded that the practices that are carried out in the community, as well as their customs and traditions are of vital importance for the inhabitants because they are an inexhaustible source of knowledge and economic collection for their subsistence. It is clear that natural resources still prevail that can be exploited and processed to become sources of help and improvement for people, therefore it is necessary to offer training that provides them with the necessary strategies that help them have a different vision where they can glimpse the various alternatives that they have as a source of work. &nbsp; Keywords:, , , , , . &nbsp;

«Close the Sky» of Neda Nezdana: War, Memory, Women’s Traumatic Experience, Conscious Decoloniality

In the article, Neda Nezhdana’s play “Closed Sky” is considered in the theoretical coordinates of postcolonial studies, memory studies, trauma studies, Western European theory of evidence processing in conflict/intervention zones, feminist criticism. It is studied how this play fits into the wider context of modern Ukrainian drama about the full-scale military aggression of Russia against Ukraine. The mechanisms of transformation of one’s own traumatic experience, testimonies and individual oral narratives of eyewitnesses are singled out: first — іnto the space of communicative and discursive practices, and later — іnto a full-fledged artistic material. It was emphasized that it is fundamentally important for Ukrainians to create their own artistic narratives of the current war, to record and interpret its crimes, to include them in the global history of the colonizers’ struggle with Ukrainian identity, and to organize work with transgenerational traumatic memory around this. We must not allow the perception of the war outside of Ukraine to be dominated by narratives of the aggressor. The theatrical and performative potential of the work allows the author of the play to present insightful public stories of strong and self-sufficient Ukrainian women of various ages who suffered from the occupiers and bear witness to their crimes against humanity. “Closed Sky” in Neda Nezhdana’s interpretation turns not into a space of safety and salvation, but into a complex physical and mental labyrinth, which can be opened by unexpected trials and threats, but passing through which cures the heroine of amnesia. The creation of the play, becoming a kind of autopsychotherapy for the author, provokes opportunities for collective psychotherapy in the theater, because our joint work with the traumas of war opens for Ukrainians conscious decolonial perspectives and paves the way to their own stable and unfettered decolonial identity.

Perilaku Menjaga Kesehatan Genetalia berhubungan dengan Kejadian Keputihan di SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta

Background: Adolescents are at risk of experiencing leucorrhoea because this period is a transitional period or a period of maturity of their sexual organs. Leucorrhoea is a problem that is often experienced by women of various ages. One of the factors that affects leucorrhea is the behavior to maintain genital health which is a self-care activity especially carried out in the female organs to avoid infection. The most commonly carried out behavior which is rarely applied is washing hands before touching the genital area.&#x0D; Methods: This is a quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The sample used is total sampling with a total of 45 female respondents. Data collection was carried out on 8 June 2022 at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta. Questionnaires about the genital health behavior and the cases of leucorrhea were used as the instruments. The data collected were analyzed using the chi-square test.&#x0D; Results and discussion: Based on the results of the study showed that the behavior of maintaining the health of genetalia, the majority of respondents behaved well as many as 23 respondents (51.1%), the majority of respondents with physiological discharge incidence were 32 respondents (71.1%). The analysis results of the chi-square test show that there is an association between the behavior to maintain genital health and the cases of leucorrhea with p-value of 0,002 (p&lt;0.05) (OR=10,5; 95% CI=1,969-55,998). Therefore, the respondents whose genital health behavior is poor are likely to suffer from pathological leucorrhea 10,5 times higher compared to the respondents who have a good behavior in maintaining their genital health.&#x0D; Conclusion: There is an association between the behavior to maintain genital health and the cases of leucorrhea at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of condyloma acuminata: A systematic review of clinical trials.

Condylomata acuminata (CA) is a sexually transmitted infection with a high prevalence associated with psychosexual morbidity in both men and women of various age. Up to now, treatment modalities yield low clearance and recurrence rate (RR) and are also deemed low quality evidence-wise. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel and promising therapy to effectively cure and prevent CA recurrence. This systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and registered to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) (CRD42022332760). Ten studies were included in this systematic review. A significant value of complete response (CR) ranging from 63-100% in patients with genital warts after receiving several sessions of PDT. A relatively low recurrence rate was seen in all 10 studies, with an RR of less than 17%. Quality assessment of included studies reported mostly high-quality research. PDT therapy resulted in a higher CR with significantly lower RR compared to other therapies. Thus, PDT can be an alternative treatment of CA with low RR and minimal side effects. Additional research, especially randomized clinical trials in various countries, is needed to further substantiate this treatment and formulate definitive protocols.

Role of dietary pattern in infertility among married women

Infertility is one of the leading disorder and effecting large number of population. Imbalanced dietary pattern can disturb fertility in women. The diet we consumed has huge input in the occurrence of fertility or infertility in women. Objective: To determine the role of dietary pattern in the occurrence of infertility among married women. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in public sector hospital of Lahore on 100 infertile females from reproductive age to premenopausal years of life in married women. Results: Age group ranges from 27-32 years’ female were infertile. 56/100 females consumed refined carbohydrate and 89 out of 100 consumed sugar daily in diet. Several dietary factors were found to be involved in infertility among women. Conclusions: It has been concluded that imbalanced dietary routine can directly cause infertility in women of various age. Women who consumed refined carbs, high fat and low dairy items, thus results in failure to thrive a successful pregnancy.

Breast Cancer in the Balinese Elderly Population: Analysis of the Hospital-Based Cancer Registry

Background: The elderly population in Indonesia will continue to increase over the next few decades. Breast cancer is 22.9% of all female cancers, and aging is one of the biggest risk factors. The challenge in managing older cancer patients is the ability to accurately assess whether the expected benefits of treatment outweigh the risks. Epidemiological data is very important for research and the advancement of medical science in the future. Currently, the incidence of breast cancer in Indonesia is 26 per 100,000 population, but the incidence of breast cancer in the elderly is unknown.Methods: This is a descriptive study of all breast cancer cases recorded in the cancer registry of Sanglah General Hospital, the largest cancer registry in Bali. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0 (SPSS).Results: From 1997 until 2013, 1,020 cases of breast cancer among Balinese women of various ages were recorded, of which only 78 cases (7.6%) were attributed to the elderly (age ≥ 65 years). At the time of diagnosis, distant metastasis was recorded for 28.9% of the elderly, compared with 24.4% for the younger group of patients (age &lt; 65 years). Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) was also recorded higher in the elderly (49.4% vs. 47.5%). A lower proportion of primary surgical treatment was recorded for the elderly than for the younger group of patients (69.7% vs. 76.2%). A lower proportion of adjuvant therapy, either by chemotherapy or radiotherapy, was also recorded for the elderly (45.5% vs. 53.4% and 2.6% vs. 4.9%, respectively), but the proportion of adjuvant hormonal therapy was recorded higher in the elderly (1.3% vs. 0.7%). In contrast, palliative care was recorded higher in the elderly (7.7% vs. 5.7%). Unfortunately, no data about survival were available.Conclusions: There is a tendency for older women in Bali to have more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis and receive less surgical treatment as the primary therapy, but they are more likely to receive adjuvant hormonal therapy and palliative care than their younger counterparts. This information should be of major interest to clinicians.

33813 Retrospective study of the prevalence of hyperkalemia in women taking spironolactone for acne, hair loss, and hirsutism

Background: This study measured hyperkalemia rates in women taking spironolactone for acne/hair loss/hirsutism to assess the need for laboratory monitoring, and explored differences in hyperkalemia rates among women of various ages, races, and ethnicities.

33813 Retrospective study of the prevalence of hyperkalemia in women taking spironolactone for acne, hair loss, and hirsutism

Background: This study measured hyperkalemia rates in women taking spironolactone for acne/hair loss/hirsutism to assess the need for laboratory monitoring, and explored differences in hyperkalemia rates among women of various ages, races, and ethnicities. Methods: WCM’s EPIC was queried for females taking spironolactone for acne, hair loss, androgenic alopecia, androgenetic alopecia, hirsutism. Patients with hypertension, heart failure, renal failure and taking medications affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were excluded. Hyperkalemia was defined as potassium ≥ 5.1 mmol/L. Results: 974 patients had baseline and end potassium values, representing 1273 courses of spironolactone. 395 patients completed 451 courses with ≥ 1 monitoring value available. 447 courses (35.1%) resulted in potassium increase from baseline to end, and 171 (13.4%) resulted in an increase ≥ 10%. 25 courses (2.0%) had end values outside upper limit of normal (ULN); of these, 7 (0.5%) corresponded with baseline values outside ULN. Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests indicated age group, race, ethnicity, course duration and cumulative dose were not statistically significant predictors of hyperkalemia or increases in potassium levels ≥10%. Conclusion: The rate of hyperkalemia among patients was low. Due to the number of courses with a % elevation in potassium, it may be advisable for dermatologists to monitor potassium trends during a spironolactone course. This is limited by the fact that age, race, ethnicity, course duration, and cumulative dose were not significant predictors. Providers should stratify among patients via baseline laboratory values and history of elevated potassium to identify those at greatest risk for clinically significant increases in potassium.