Women In Tamil Nadu Research Articles

“It became a cycle I was not able to break” towards menstrual justice: addressing human rights violation at Indian workplaces

Purpose This paper aims to advance the concept of “menstrual justice” by building on the comprehensive framework developed by Margaret E. Johnson (2019), which integrates legal rights, social justice and intersectional analysis. By applying Johnson’s insights and human rights frameworks to menstrual health management, the study advocates for state interventions to safeguard women labourers from exploitative practices that endanger their reproductive health and to uphold their menstrual rights. Design/methodology/approach A case study methodology is used to scrutinize menstrual injustices experienced by women labourers in precarious employment conditions. Specifically, it examines two cases, the mass hysterectomies in Beed, Maharashtra and the administration of unidentified pharmaceuticals to women in Tamil Nadu factories to mitigate menstrual pain and maximize productivity. Findings The findings reveal severe violations pertaining to menstrual justice, with practices deeply rooted in socioeconomic deprivation and systemic neglect. These issues subject female workers to various forms of gender-based violence that goes beyond physical abuse, raising critical concerns about menstrual justice and human rights violations. Research limitations/implications The study’s findings have limited generalizability due to the specific contexts of the case study. Furthermore, the absence of insights from managers/supervisors, and factory owners limits a comprehensive understanding of the policies and factors leading to neglect of menstrual management practices. Practical implications The findings of the study will prompt the medical industry to initiate research into medications that can effectively alleviate period pain while minimizing harmful side effects. Current treatments often come with significant drawbacks, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternatives. Addressing this research gap is vital for achieving menstrual equity, as it ensures that individuals suffering from menstrual pain have access to relief that does not jeopardize their overall health. Advancing research in this area will not only enhance the quality of life for menstruators but also contribute to a more equitable and inclusive approach to menstrual health care. Social implications The findings support reframing menstrual friendly labour policies including comprehensive sexual and reproductive health information to everyone, regardless of gender, to reduce misinformation and stigma associated with menstruation at workplaces. Additionally, the study proposes the introduction of reusable menstrual products like menstrual cups to overcome period poverty. Thus, ensuring access to these resources is crucial for enabling informed decision-making, promoting gender equality, addressing health disparities and fostering the development of menstrual-friendly workplace policies. Originality/value This study, by using a case study-based approach, has thoroughly examined the issues and challenges faced by female labourers in fields and factories. It uniquely identifies the inadequacies in menstrual management provisions for female workers in India and advocates for a human rights-based approach to ensure that menstruators can manage their menstrual health safely. Unlike most existing studies, which primarily focus on product usage and the stigma or myths surrounding menstruation, this study advances menstrual justice by calling for labour policy reforms and medical research to lessen menstrual pain without compromising menstruators’ health. These reforms aim to provide working women with adequate rest and necessary provisions during menstruation. Addressing these gaps is essential and has been largely overlooked in global health policies.

Food manifested communication of traditional knowledge among tribal women in Tamil Nadu

Food manifested communication of traditional knowledge among tribal women in Tamil Nadu

Single Mothers’ Perspectives on Social Welfare Programs for Women in Tamil Nadu

Objective: The study aims to examine the awareness of assistance policies and schemes for women among single mothers. Therefore, the current study concentrates on demographic profile of single mothers and to examine the awareness, accessibility, and effectiveness of schemes and welfare policies among rural single mothers. Methods: The research employed a quantitative and descriptive research design to examine 230 rural single mothers from the Gudiyattam Division, Vellore District. The responses are gathered using semi-structured questionnaires and interview schedules, and the data are analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Result and Conclusion: The study rejects the hypothesis because education plays a significant role in shaping an individual's pursuit of knowledge about the various welfare schemes instituted specifically for rural women. As a result, women must be educated at the grassroots level about these welfare schemes and policies for better survival in society, and policymakers must implement steps to raise the level of education for women in the nation. Implications of the research: Awareness of the scheme is a crucial metric for determining the success of any programme. Even the utilisation rate of the programme is extremely low. Therefore, researching large samples of single mothers is necessary to identify their level of awareness and to benefit from the schemes.

Association Between Body Mass Index and Infertility Among Women: An Age-Matched Case-Control Study

Ample literature exists which time and over has established the association between overweight/ underweight and fertility problems. Further in this context, it should be noted that there are very few studies in the Indian context regarding the effect of body mass index (BMI) on infertility in women. To evaluate the association of BMI with infertility among women in Tamil Nadu, India. An age-matched hospital-based case-control study was conducted including 204 women attending a tertiary care hospital in the Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu. Of these, 102 women who had a clinical diagnosis of infertility were selected as cases. Hospital controls were defined as women who did not have a clinical diagnosis of infertility and were selected after matching for age and years of marriage (± 2 years). BMI was calculated from the height and weight measurements taken during the time of recruitment to the study. Basic socio-demographic data were also collected from all the study participants. Among cases, 17.6% were underweight, 25.5% were overweight and 5.9% were obese. Whereas, among controls, 7.8% were underweight, 47.1% were overweight and 11.8% were obese. Among the cases, 68% had primary infertility and 32% had secondary infertility. Overweight and obese women had 2.82 odds (95% CI, 1.48 – 5.38) and 3.06 odds (95% CI, 1.05 – 8.93) respectively of having infertility when compared to women who fell within the normal BMI range. Both overweight and obesity were observed to be significantly associated with infertility. The focus should be given to the prevention and control of both as an effective means of reducing the risk of infertility and other associated disorders.

Grassroots Level Political Participation of Women in Tamil Nadu – A Study

Grassroots Level Political Participation of Women in Tamil Nadu – A Study

AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE OF WOMEN TOWARDS BREAST AND CERVICAL CANCER IN TAMIL NADU

Background: Breast and cervical cancers are major community health concerns for womenfolk worldwide, and prevention by early detection display a vital part in reducing the burden of these ailments. Understanding the awareness and attitudes of women to breast and cervical cancer is crucial in formulating targeted public health initiatives to progress prevention, early finding, and treatment outcomes. Objectives: This study aims to assess the awareness and attitude of womenfolk towards breast and cervical cancer in Tamil Nadu. Methods: This study conducted in ten districts of Tamil Nadu which is part of Southern India. A random sampling method was used to select a representative sample of women aged 18 to 60 years from urban and rural areas. Data was collected using structured questionnaires that include demographic details, awareness about breast and cervical cancer, attitudes towards breast and cervical cancer, awareness on prevention and treatment. Descriptive method recapitulates the demographic characteristics and awareness of the participants. The factors associated with awareness and attitude was identified to carry out the study. Conclusions: The study showed that most young participants were conscious of breast cancer as a disease, but their awareness and understanding of the disease were moderate. The awareness and attitudes toward cervical cancer among women in Tamil Nadu was less. The study urges the need to intensify awareness programmes about cervical cancer and vaccination through the public and private hospitals to the community women.

Single Mothers’ Perspectives on Social Welfare Programs for Women in Tamil Nadu

Objective: The study aims to examine the awareness of assistance policies and schemes for women among single mothers. Therefore, the current study concentrates on demographic profile of single mothers and to examine the awareness, accessibility, and effectiveness of schemes and welfare policies among rural single mothers. Methods: The research employed a quantitative and descriptive research design to examine 230 rural single mothers from the Gudiyattam Division, Vellore District. The responses are gathered using semi-structured questionnaires and interview schedules, and the data are analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Result and Conclusion: The study rejects the hypothesis because education plays a significant role in shaping an individual's pursuit of knowledge about the various welfare schemes instituted specifically for rural women. As a result, women must be educated at the grassroots level about these welfare schemes and policies for better survival in society, and policymakers must implement steps to raise the level of education for women in the nation. Implications of the research: Awareness of the scheme is a crucial metric for determining the success of any programme. Even the utilisation rate of the programme is extremely low. Therefore, researching large samples of single mothers is necessary to identify their level of awareness and to benefit from the schemes.

Lung Function Impairment Among Women Cooking with Biomass Fuels Compared to LPG Fuel in Rural Tamil Nadu

Background: Women in developing countries are exposed to household air pollution from traditional cook a stove, which causes a huge burden of morbidity. This study aims to examine the impact of cooking fuel use on lung function changes among women in rural Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, 565 adult women (237 using solid biomass fuel and 328 using clean fuel for cooking) participated in this cross-sectional study. Basic demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and exposure related information such as fuel type, kitchen type, type of house, and other potential sources of particulates inside the house, such as cigarettes; incense, and mosquito coils, were collected using questionnaires. A pulmonary function test assessment was done for all participants using a KOKO spirometer following the standard protocols. Results: Pulmonary function was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in rural women using biomass fuel for cooking. Women in the biomass group had FVC 2.45 (0.58), FEV1 1.99 (0.49), and PEFR 5.31 (1.54), while women in the LPG group had FVC 2.63 (0.48), FEV1 2.19 (0.42), and PEFR 5.81 (1.38). Conclusion: This cross-sectional study found that the reduction in the pulmonary function parameters was considerably higher among women using biomass for cooking compared to women using liquefied petroleum gas for cooking in rural Tamil Nadu. Objective measurements by spirometry from this study can help physicians and health policy makers develop measures for better prevention and management of respiratory diseases among rural women in Tamil Nadu, southern India.

Resilience of hospital and allied infrastructure during pandemic and post pandemic periods for maternal health care of pregnant women and infants in Tamil Nadu, India - A counterfactual analysis.

COVID-19 has impacted the healthcare system across the globe. The study will span three pandemic waves in 2020, 2021, and 2022. The goal is to learn how the pandemic affects antenatal care (ANC) and emergency delivery care for pregnant women in Tamil Nadu, India, and how medical services respond. The study employs counterfactual analysis to evaluate the causal impact of the pandemic. A feedforward in combination with a simple auto-regressive neural network (AR-Net) is used to predict the daily number of calls for ambulance services (CAS). Three categories of the daily CAS count between January 2016 and December 2022 are utilised. The total CAS includes all types of medical emergencies; the second group pertains to planned ANC for high-risk pregnant women and the third group comprises CAS from pregnant women for medical emergencies. The second wave's infection and mortality rates were up to six times higher than the first. The phases in wave-II, post-wave-II, wave-III, and post-wave-III experienced a significant increase in both total IFT (inter-facility transfer) and total non-IFT calls covering all emergencies relative to the counterfactual, as evidenced by reported effect sizes of 1 and a range of 0.65 to 0.85, respectively. This highlights overwhelmed health services. In Tamil Nadu, neither emergency prenatal care nor planned prenatal care was affected by the pandemic. In contrast, the increase in actual emergency-related IFT calls during wave-II, post-wave-II, wave-III, and post-wave-III was 62%, 160%, 141%, and 165%, respectively, relative to the counterfactual. During the same time periods, the mean daily CAS related to prenatal care increased by 47%, 51%, 38%, and 38%, respectively, compared to pre-pandemic levels. The expansion of ambulance services and increased awareness of these services during wave II and the ensuing phases of Covid-19 pandemic have enhanced emergency care delivery for all, including obstetric and neonatal cohorts.

Screening practices for breast and cervical cancer and associated factors, among rural women in Vellore, Tamil Nadu.

Population-based screening coverage for breast and cervical cancer screening in the community is inadequately reported in India. This study assessed screening rates, awareness, and other factors affecting screening, among rural women aged 25-60 years in Vellore, Tamil Nadu. Women aged 25-60 years, from five randomly selected villages of a rural block were included in this cross-sectional study in Vellore, Tamil Nadu. Households were selected by systematic random sampling, followed by simple random sampling of eligible women in the house. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess screening practices, awareness, and other factors related to cervical and breast cancer. Although 43.8% and 57.9% were aware of the availability of screening for cervical and breast cancer respectively, screening rates were only 23.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.4-28.4%) and 16.2% (95% CI: 11.9-20.5%), respectively. Adequate knowledge (score of ≥50%) on breast cancer was only 5.9%, with 27.2% for cervical cancer. Only 16.6% of women had ever attended any health education program on cancer. Exposure to health education (breast screening odds ratio [OR]: 6.89, 95% CI: 3.34-14.21; cervical screening OR: 6.92, 95% CI: 3.42-14.00); and adequate knowledge (breast OR: 4.69, 95% CI: 1.55-14.22; cervix OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.59-5.68) were independently associated with cancer screening. Awareness and screening rates for breast and cervical cancer are low among rural women in Tamil Nadu, a south Indian state with comparatively good health indices, with health education being an important factor associated with screening practices.

The Empowerment of Women in Tamil Nadu: A Multi-Dimensional Approach

The advancement of women's political, social, economic, and health status, together with their increased autonomy and empowerment, is a very significant goal in and of itself. Furthermore, achieving sustainable growth depends on it. Every aspect of productive and reproductive life, including shared responsibility for the upkeep of the home and the care and rearing of children, requires the full participation and partnership of both men and women. Because of their excessive workloads, lack of authority, and influence, women over the world are threatened with losing their lives, their health, and their general well-being. Women typically obtain less formal education than men around the world, yet at the same time, their own skills, knowledge, and coping techniques are frequently undervalued. Power dynamics that prevent women from leading healthy and satisfying lives exist at all societal levels, from the most intimate to the most visible. To effect change, policy and programme actions are required that will increase women's access to stable employment and financial resources, lessen their heavy domestic burdens, remove any legal barriers to their participation in public life, and increase social awareness through efficient education and mass communication campaigns. The position of women also affects their ability to make decisions at all levels and in all areas of life, particularly in relation to sexuality and reproduction. To ensure the long-term effectiveness of population programmes, this is also crucial. Experience has shown that initiatives aimed at advancing women's position have the greatest impact on population and development programmes.

Personal exposure to heat amongst older adult women in Tamil Nadu, India

Background & Aim: In 2019, 127,000 deaths were attributed to heat exposure globally, with over 40% in India, where a substantial portion of the population has limited access to cooling technologies. This substantial burden is expected to worsen with climate change, but little is known about personal exposure to outdoor temperatures in India We leverage data collected as part of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial to describe personal temperature exposure of older adult women in Tamil Nadu. We compare personal exposure to ambient monitoring stations and modelled temperature products. Methods: As part of HAPIN, older adult women in Tamil Nadu periodically wore instrumentation for a 24-hr period to measure air pollution; these instruments also measure temperature. We analyzed temperature measurements taken between 2018 and 2021 and compared them to the nearest identified ambient monitoring stations, and to the ERA5 and GLDAS meteorological products. Results: Personal measurements were recorded from 105 different participants for a total of 1.7 million datapoints. The mean temperature recorded was 28.6 °C with a standard deviation of 3.5 °C. Differences of ≥5 °C across individuals on the same day were not uncommon, nor were intra-individual exposures that varied by several degrees within an hour -- potentially a result of elevated heat while cooking. ERA5 estimates were more positively correlated with personal exposure than with GLDAS or ambient monitors. Correlations varied by season, with best performance across all products during the monsoon season. Conclusions: Accurate exposure assessment is important for assessing health effects of heat – a growing problem. There is substantial variability in how well public datasets correlate with personal experience, not only by product type but also location and season. It is important to quantify these differences to appropriately estimate health effects. Keywords: Heat, India, Remote Sensing, Exposure Assessment

A cross sectional study to determine the knowledge and practices of Pap smear test among women

Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy among Indian women. Every year, 122844 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer, with 67477 dying as a result of it. It primarily affects women between the ages of 15 and 44 who are in the reproductive age group1. This is primarily due to a delay in early cervical pathology diagnosis and treatment. From September 2017 to February 2018, a descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Obstetrics and Gynecology OPD at Govt. Erode Medical College, Perundurai, Erode District, Tamilnadu women ≥20 years age visiting Obstetrics and Gynecology OPD. The majority of women, 84.4 percent, married after they turned 18 years old (211). And 15.6 percent of the population was under the age of 18. Hinduism was followed by 97.2 percent, Christians by 1.6 percent, and Muslims by 1.2 percent. Doctors were the source of information for 36.3 % of those in our survey, while health workers educated 26 %. 25.9 % got their knowledge from the media, while 14 % got it from relatives and friends. According to our research, the most common reasons for refusing a Pap smear are dread of having to undergo a test (46.7 %) and a delay in receiving the results. When people are asymptomatic and have already been screened, 23 % believe it is unnecessary to go through the process again. They were not ready to acknowledge the requirement for pre-programmed serial screening.The importance of immunization and the role of the vaccine for the human papillomavirus must also be educated. Given the main reason given by the participants for not having the test, it is critical that all health providers use every opportunity they have with women to educate and encourage them to do so.

Non-doctor prescription practices among women in Tamil Nadu: understanding the attitude towards over-the-counter drugs

Background: Even though India has a very high burden of non-doctor prescription practices, there is no regulatory body governing the availability of OTC drugs unlike the Western countries. This study was aimed at evaluating the non-doctor prescription practices and the factors keeping the population away from healthcare facilities.Methods: This was a community based cross-section study including 234 women aged 18 years and above from urban and rural field practice areas of a teaching hospital in Tamil Nadu. Data was collected using a validated and pilot tested 4-part interview process and analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 21.Results: Data analysis points towards a 61.11% prevalence of non-doctor prescription practices which showed statistically significant association with all the demographic variables except income. On further inquiry, 29.49% reported having given medications to a child (<15 years) without prescription. The quality of care score was negatively correlated to the non-doctor prescription practices (r = -0.723, p<0.001).Conclusions: The findings from this study points towards the need for further research to have a better understanding of the factors which make people choose not to visit a healthcare facility despite having knowledge about the hazards of NDPPs.

Contributing Factors for the Empowerment of Women in Tamil Nadu – A Critical Analysis

The study focused to assess the contributing factors i.e. association and contribution of socio economic characteristics with empowerment of Pudu Vazhvu project women members. The study carried out in Namakkal district because it is one of the districts in Tamil Nadu where Pudu Vazhvu project was implemented. A sample of 132 respondents were selected from two blocks (six villages) by using Proportionate Random Sampling technique. Correlation and Multiple Regression analysis were used to draw meaningful interpretation by using IBM SPSS software. The results inferred that occupational status (X3), leadership abilities (X10) had positive signifi cant association with empowerment at fi ve per cent level of probability. Information sharing behaviour (X14) had signifi cant contribution at one per cent level of probability. Age (X1) had signifi cant contribution at one per cent level of probability but the contribution was negative. The results inferred that a unit increase in occupational status, leadership abilities, and information sharing behaviour would result in 1.692, 0.654 and 1.765 units increase in the level of participation respectively. A unit increase in age will decrease in the level of participation by 0.378 unit.

Count Regression Model to Predict Spousal Harms in Tamil Nadu

Introduction: Violence against women is becoming more prevalent over the world, particularly in India. Assessing the causes of violence in community will aid in planning supports for victims. This study aimed to compare the performance of various regression models for count data and focused on choosing appropriate count regression model to identify factors related with the number of domestic violence experienced by young married women. Methods: Data for this study were retrieved from “The Youth in India: Situation and Needs Study.” The current study took the data of 1495 married women in Tamil Nadu. Factors associated with physical violence considered for the study were place of residence, age of husband and wife, education of husband and wife, dowry, miscarriage, abortion, and marriage type. Ordinary least square, Poisson regression, and negative binomial regression models were fitted for the data, and the best fitted model was identified using Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Results: Proportion of married women who have perpetrated any forms of physical violence was 30.8%. Among the fitted models, negative binomial regression model (AIC = 3020.621, BIC = 3079.030) was found to be the best model to predict violence. Significant factors identified were type of residence, marriage type, education of wife and spouse, miscarriage, and abortion. Conclusion: To tackle this public health issue, multisectoral approaches such as boosting literacy, raising awareness about legal assistance, and monitoring victims of violence at primary health facilities should be implemented. Comprehensive model testing is highly suggested for determining the best acceptable analytic model when dependent variable being studied comprises count data.

Healthcare Services Utilization among the Rural Women in Tamilnadu: A Micro Level Study

Healthcare Services Utilization among the Rural Women in Tamilnadu: A Micro Level Study

Healthcare Services Utilization among the Rural Women in Tamilnadu: A Micro Level Study

The health of women is inextricably linked to their responsibilities as mothers, partners, and daughters. Women are frequently the primary caregivers for their children’s health and well-being, as well as their children’s primary point of contact with the health-care system. Although women shoulder the majority of family healthcare responsibilities, the impact of these additional responsibilities on their health and well-being is sometimes overlooked. These responsibilities, however, are only a small part of the multiplicity of financial, family, and other obligations that women must juggle in order to satisfy their families’ requirements, and many women do so in the face of adversity, such as their own health difficulties. For many women, managing family health requirements with other responsibilities is a heightened difficulty due to limited financial means, while raising children and working. But to do this, it is essential that women take charge of their health and nutritional needs. Therefore, the women are viewed as an asset to society. Women today participate in the developmental activities of the nation in large numbers. Majority of educated women are not aware of the schemes introduced by the government. Women always place the needs of their family before themselves. Therefore, the present study attempts to examine the Utilization of healthcare services among the rural women in the selected blocks of Cuddalore district, with the help of primary data, which is tested by using Percentage Analysis and Henry Garrett Ranking.

Association between personal exposure to household air pollution and gestational blood pressure among women using solid cooking fuels in rural Tamil Nadu, India

BackgroundThe Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial is an ongoing multi-center randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) cookstove and fuel intervention on health. Given the potential impacts of household air pollution (HAP) exposure from burning solid fuels on cardiovascular health during pregnancy, we sought to determine whether baseline exposures to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) were associated with blood pressure among 799 pregnant women in Tamil Nadu, India, one of the HAPIN trial centers. MethodsMultivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between 24-h personal exposure to PM2.5/BC/CO and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, controlling for maternal age, body mass index (BMI), mother's education, household wealth, gestational age, and season. At the time of measurement, women were between 9- and 20-weeks of gestation. ResultsWe found that systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were higher in pregnant women exposed to higher levels of HAP, though only the result for CO and DBP reached conventional statistical significance (p < 0.05). We observed a positive association between CO and DBP among the entire study cohort: a 1-log μg/m3 increase in CO exposure was associated with 0.36 mmHg higher DBP (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 to 0.70). The effect was stronger in pregnant women with higher CO exposures (in the 3rd [≥ 0.9 and < 2.1 ppm] and 4th quartiles [≥ 2.1 and ≤ 46.9 ppm]). We also found that pregnant women with PM2.5 exposures in the highest quartile (≥ 129.9 and ≤ 2100 μg/m3) had a borderline significant association (p = 0.054) with DBP compared to those who had PM2.5 exposures in the lowest quartile (≥ 9.4 and < 47.7 μg/m3). No evidence of association was observed for BC exposure and blood pressure. ConclusionThis study contributes to limited evidence regarding the relationship between HAP exposure and blood pressure among women during pregnancy, a critical window for both mother and child's life-course health. Results from this cross-sectional study suggest that exposures to PM2.5 and CO from solid fuel use are associated with higher blood pressure in pregnant women during their first or second trimester.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH FREE BUS TRAVEL SCHEME IN TAMIL NADU: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VILLUPURAM DISTRICT

This article has mainly focused on the innovative scheme of free bus travel and how it benefited the people and sparked to empower the women in the male centric society. Tamil Nadu is a welfare State which implemented innovative schemes for enhancement of people status gradually. On the consequence, the Government of Tamil Nadu has announced the scheme for women welfare and empowerment named “Free Bus Travel Scheme” which has given the free travel to all women in Tamil Nadu. The intention of the scheme was announced by the Government of Tamil Nadu to increase the mobility of women. This scheme has increased the women’s mobility and their savings. Tamil Nadu, being a role model for implementing the innovative free schemes for entire India. All the state has attributed the concept for their convenience and applied the different phenomenon. Earlier, Tamil Nadu Government has given the doles and freebies to the people, especially those have in the poverty line. Some of the electronic goods also provided to enhance the economic and educational enhancement. Now the tern has changed beyond the stereo type of schemes and programs. Conceptually, the Government has announced the free travel for all women might be stupendous character which directly or indirectly enhance the women status and empower the women in this society. Keywords: Women Empowerment, Innovative schemes, free bus travel, economical enhancement.