Women Of Reproductive Group Research Articles

Study of Prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder in Nursing Students

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a common yet underdiagnosed mental health problem among women of reproductive age group with a significant potential to perturb social, academic, occupational, and interpersonal milieu of suffering women. The aim of this study is to see the Prevalence of PMDD in Nursing Students. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among the nursing students of the Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences Nursing School, Jammu and they were screened for the presence of PMDD using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool. Results: Prevalence of moderate to severe Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) was 28.1% and PMDD was 6.1%. The commonest premenstrual symptom among the cases was fatigue or lack of energy. In the moderate to severe PMS category, it was anger, and in the PMDD category, it was anxiety. Impairment of college efficiency, or productivity was in 81.3% and 100.0% of students having moderate to severe PMS and PMDD, respectively. Conclusion: PMS and PMDD were prevalent among a substantial proportion of nursing students with significant negative influence on academic performance, emotional well-being and behavior. Strategies should be adopted in college health programs for the timely recognition and management of PMS and PMDD in nursing students.

Coronary artery atherosclerosis in reproductive age group women-an autopsy study

Background: Atherosclerosis is the most common coronary artery disease (CAD). It leads to the blocking of arteries and myocardial infarction (MI). Many studies are focused on men. The aim of this study is to look at the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis, its severity, and arteries involved in postmortem hearts in reproductive age group women. Aims and Objectives: The objectives are (1) to estimate the occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis in reproductive age group women of 15–50 years. (2) To grade the atherosclerosis and stenosis. (3) To determine the cardiac changes associated. (4) To note the most common artery involved. Materials and Methods: This study was autopsy-based retrospective study done for period of 3 years. From the autopsy forms, details such as age, gender, cause of death, and gross findings were noted. The sections from the left coronary artery (LCA), right coronary artery, left anterior descending (LAD), and circumflex artery (LCA) were reviewed microscopically to note the atherosclerotic grade and percentage of stenosis. Myocardium was reviewed for associated cardiac changes. Range, frequencies, percentage, and P-value were calculated. P<0.05 was taken statistically significant. Results: Eighty-seven cases belonging to the reproductive age group of 15–50 years were categorized into 4 age groups. Type V American Heart Association atherosclerosis grade was seen more in women between 35 and 50 years. LAD was the most common artery to be involved. Eight cases showed acute MI. Conclusions: Women of reproductive age group should be screened from 3rd decade onwards for CAD.

A Study on Awareness of Cervical Cancer among Women of Reproductive Age Group in the Rural Field Practice Area of Medical College, Kolkata

A Study on Awareness of Cervical Cancer among Women of Reproductive Age Group in the Rural Field Practice Area of Medical College, Kolkata

Overcoming challenges into miraculous motherhood: successful pregnancy outcomes in patients with SLE: A case series

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem autoimmune disorder associated with multiple positive antibodies. Reproductive age group women have been found to develop SLE more commonly so than males, and pregnancy is associated with an increased rate of flare ups. The rate of pregnancy loss has decreased from 43% to 17% in recent years due to optimization of treatment and management during pre-pregnancy period. Recent studies have reported that both maternal and foetal outcome are favourable if SLE has been quiescent for at least 6 months prior to pregnancy. The effects of SLE over pregnancy and impact of pregnancy over SLE patients can be managed by optimization of pre-pregnancy treatment and management in antenatal period and follow-up. A multi-disciplinary team approach by an obstetrician, medical specialist and paediatrician for a successful management. Management of SLE to be continued in post-partum period and risk of flares and thrombotic events can be avoided by optimization of treatment in post-partum period till 6 weeks after delivery. Comprehensive maternal and new-born care has improved survival and quality of life outcomes in pregnant patients with SLE. Here, we present a series of three cases of SLE in pregnancy that had successful obstetric outcomes with an interdisciplinary management plan.

Determinants of pre-conception care awareness among young and middle-aged women in the Morena district of Madhya Pradesh

Pre-conception care pertains to any preventive, promotive, and curative interventions for improving the health outcomes of women. Contrary to the growing burden of intergenerational transmission of chronic diseases, women lacked awareness and access to services for pre-conception care. Considering this, we conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the awareness, perceptions, and practices of pre-conception care among women from young and middle-aged groups in the Morena district of Madhya Pradesh. It was a cross-sectional study conducted with 383 women of reproductive age group (15-40 years) using a structured and pre-validated quantitative questionnaire. Out of 383 women, 171 belonged to the younger age group (15-24 years) and 212 to the middle-aged group (25-40 years). More than 50% of women had not heard of pre-conception care, and more than 90% of women in both groups had low dietary diversity. Middle-aged women had higher pre-conception care compared to younger women (βeta coefficient (95% Confidence Interval); p-value: 0.49 (0.03, 0.95); 0.03).

Reasons for contraceptive discontinuation among women of reproductive age in Kano, Nigeria: A qualitative study

Women’s attempts to achieve their desired levels of fertility are hindered when they stop using contraceptives, which could lead to unwanted pregnancies. This study aimed to assess reasons for contraceptive discontinuation among women of reproductive age in urban and rural areas of Kano State, Nigeria. Qualitative data were collected in urban and rural communities of Kano State in February to May, 2022 from women of reproductive age group, their male partners, family planning service providers, and community and religious leaders. Focus group discussions (FGD), and key informant interviews (KII), using multi-stage sampling methods explored previous experience with contraceptive use, fertility consequences and reasons for contraceptive discontinuation. Following data collection, digitally recorded data were transcribed verbatim, translated, and coded using thematic analysis through an inductive approach. Study reported the high discontinuation rates and identified side effects as the primary reason for discontinuation, with injectable contraceptives being the most commonly discontinued method. Other reported reasons for contraceptive discontinuation by respondents in both urban and rural groups were: method failure, intention to get pregnant, health concerns, husband disapproval, methods not available, inconvenience to use and interference with body structure or functions. The high contraceptive discontinuation poses significant risks of unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions, thereby increasing maternal morbidity and mortality rates in Kano State. These consequences emphasize the need for family planning interventions that incorporate quality of care in service provision to address contraceptive discontinuation. Engaging men and other social influencers in family planning programs and services will help gather support for contraception, rather than focusing exclusively on women.

Histopathological pattern in endometrial biopsies in reproductive age group and Post-menopausal women.

To identify and analyse the different types and frequencies of morphological pattern in endometrial biopsies along with their associated diagnoses across different age groups. The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Histopathology Section of the Dow Diagnostics Reference and Research Laboratory, Dow University Health Sciences, Karachi, from October 2022 to October 2023. Data was obtained from pre-existing medical record of samples of endometrial biopsies. Open Epi sample size calculator is used for the estimation of sample size. The patients were divided into two aged-based groups; reproductive age ≤45 years in group 1 and postmenopause age ≥46 years in group 2. The histological diagnosis was made by a consultant histopathologist. Of the 430 endometrial biopsies 222(51.6%) were in group 1 and 208(48.4%) were in group 2. In both groups, the most common finding was polyps 271(63%). Malignant changes were found in 12(5.7%) group 2 cases compared to 4(1.8%) group 1 cases. The most common endometrial lesion in both age groups was endometrial polyp. Malignant changes were seen more in postmenopausal women compared to those in the reproductive age group.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme On Knowledge Regarding Preconception Care Among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Selected Rural Area of Jhalawar District, Rajasthan

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme On Knowledge Regarding Preconception Care Among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Selected Rural Area of Jhalawar District, Rajasthan

Assessment of nutritional status & dietary adequacy of women of reproductive age group residing in slum areas of Sitapur City, INDIA.

Assessment of nutritional status & dietary adequacy of women of reproductive age group residing in slum areas of Sitapur City, INDIA.

Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Antenatal Care Among Pregnant Women Of Angu Wan Rogo Sokoto State, Nigeria

Background: Antenatal care is a medical and general care that is provided to pregnant women during pregnancy. In Nigeria as well as in the world maternal mortality is high.The aim of this study is to access the level of knowledge, attitude and practice toward antenatal care service among women of Unguwar Rogo Sokoto. Materials and Method: The study design was cross sectional descriptive design and study population among married women of reproductive age group of Unguwar Rogo area Sokoto. A total of 250 women were selected based on systematic random sampling technique after estimating number of women (650). Interviewed administered questionnaire was the instrument used and data collected was entered into SPSS version 20 and analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard division and chi-square Result: Majority 232 (92.8%) of women knew about antenatal care and the rest 18 (7.2%) did not know about antenatal care. About ( 94%) of the respondents wanted to follow antenatal care while (6.0% ) women do not want to follow antenatal care if they get pregnant due to negative attitude.Home delivery was found to be 42.5%. Also, about 94% of women practiced antennal care follow up during their pregnancy time. The chisquare of mother knowledge and mother practice X 2 = 160.4622 and p-value = 0.000 show that there is statistically significant association between mother knowledge and practice of ANC. Conclusion and Recommendation: Both knowledge and practice of antenatal care service were found to be good among the study respondent but hospital delivery is low. The study further recommend the need to educate both women and husband to know the important of hospital delivery.

Vaginal candidiasis prevalence, associated factors, and antifungal susceptibility patterns among pregnant women attending antenatal care at bule hora university teaching hospital, Southern Ethiopia

BackgroundVulvovaginitis is common in women of reproductive age group characterized by purulent white discharge. The incidence of vulvovaginitis has risen recently due to the resistance of Candida species to commonly used antifungal agents and recurrent infections.ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine the prevalence, associated factors, and antifungal susceptibility patterns of vaginal candidiasis among pregnant women attending Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to August 2023. Using systematic random sampling, 317 pregnant women participated in the study. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Chromogenic Candida Differential Agar were used to isolate and identify Candida species from clinical samples. Antifungal susceptibility was performed using a modified disc diffusion method. Epi data version 4.6 was used for data entry and Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 25 was used for statistical analysis. A P-value < 0.05 was declared statistically significant.ResultThe prevalence of vaginal candidiasis was 26.8% (95%, CI 21.9–31.72%). History of using contraceptives (AOR = 5.03, 95%CI, 1.21–11.37), past vaginal candidiasis (AOR = 6, 95%CI, 1.61–12.92), pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (AOR = 4.24, 95%CI, 1.23–14.14), diabetic mellitus (AOR = 2.17, 95%CI, 1.02–4.64), history of antibiotic use (AOR = 3.55, 95%CI, 1.67–12.75), pregnant women in third trimester (AOR = 8.72, 95%CI, 1.30–23.07), were the significantly associated factors for vaginal candidiasis. The study revealed that itraconazole, amphotericin B, and miconazole were the most effective antifungal drugs for all Candida isolates.ConclusionThe present study has identified a high prevalence of vaginal candidiasis among pregnant women. The isolated Candida species showed resistance to fluconazole, ketoconazole, and clotrimazole. Therefore, healthcare providers should increase awareness of the risks of Candida infections to reduce Candida species among pregnant women. Physicians should prescribe suitable medications based on antifungal drug test outcomes to treat pregnant women with vaginal candidiasis.

Role of Laparoscopy in Reproductive Age Group Women with Gynecological Problems in a Tertiary Medical College

Background Laparoscopy has been a revolution in gynecological surgery as it is safe and minimally invasive. It can be used as a diagnostic as well as treatment modality for different gynecological problems like Chronic pelvic pain, adnexal cyst, ectopic pregnancy, Pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.MethodsThis study was carried out at College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital from April 2022 to March 2023 in 105 women. All the women undergoing laparoscopic surgeries were analyzed for indications, intraoperative findings and interventions.ResultsThe mean±SD of age of women was 30.34±7.73 years, most were in age group 26-35 years. The most common indications for Laparoscopy were for Adnexal cyst (74.28%), Chronic Pelvic Pain (14.28%) and Infertility (11.42%). The most common findings according to site were Ovarian pathology (48.60 %) followed by peritoneal pathology (22.9 %), Tubal pathology (17.14%) and normal findings (10.50%). In ovarian - Dermoid cyst (31.37 %), in tubal - ectopic pregnancy (55.56%), in peritoneal-Adhesions (45.83%) were the most common finding. In laparoscopic interventions, 26.70% had cystectomy, 14.3 % had salpingectomy and 13.3 % had Sterilization. Conclusions Laparoscopy as a modality for diagnosis and treatment of gynecological problems has been well established in recent times. It’s been a choice of surgery because of its reduce postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery and minimal scar. However, adequate advanced training and equipment are needed to perform skillful laparoscopic surgeries.

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS KNOWLEDGE REGARDING UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD BANKING AMONG WOMEN IN THE REPRODUCTIVE AGE

Umbilical cord blood stem cells are the name given to the blood remaining in the umbilical cord and placenta after childbirth. Umbilical cord blood has the potential to be a huge source of primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that can be used to reconstruct the hematopoietic system and restore immunological function in individuals who require treatment. A descriptive research methodology was adopted in this study and 100 reproductive age group women in Sharda Hospital were selected in the present study. Convenience sampling technique was adopted for the data collection. The information was gathered via a knowledge questionnaire, which was used to assess knowledge regarding umbilical cord blood banking. The result revealed that 30 women had poor knowledge, 63 women had moderate knowledge and 7 had knowledge about umbilical cord blood banking. The importance of umbilical cord blood banking information was given among selected 100 participating women via the help of a pamphlet to raise awareness of uses of umbilical cord bloodbanking.

Factors and consequences of early marriage among women in Jumla

Background: In Nepal, child marriage is seen as a significant obstacle to the country's social and economic growth as well as a significant threat to the health of women. Despite a steady decline in this harmful practice over the past decade, child marriage remains widespread, with approximately one in five girls married in childhood across the globe. The objective of the study was to find out the factors and consequences of early marriage among women in Jumla. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of Jumla District where 280 married reproductive age group women were taken as subjects. Simple random sampling technique was used. Data was collected by using semi-structured interview schedule. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Study findings showed that majority (77.9%) of the respondents got early marriage. Early marriage was statistically association with educational status at the time of marriage (p=0.000), occupational status (p=0.000), type of marriage ((p=0.014), educational status of father (p=0.009), occupational status of father (p=0.016), parental income (p=0.000), decision making (p=0.003), husband´s education and occupation (p=0.000). Inadequate education (70.7%) and economic resources (83.9%), customs (66.8%) and unemployment (63.2%) are the main reasons of early marriage. Likewise, increasing responsibility (80.7%), lower abdominal pain (67.5%), uterine prolapse (65.4%), early pregnancy (71.1%), unplanned pregnancy (58.9%) and prolonged labor (51.8%) are the main consequences of early marriage. Therefore, it is concluded that more than three fourth of the respondents were married early which lead to many consequences. Conclusion: The study concluded that more than three fourth of the respondents got early marriage. Early marriage had significant association with educational status at the time of marriage, occupational status, type of marriage, occupational status of father, parental income, decision making at time of marriage, husband´s education and occupation. Inadequate education and economic resources, customs and unemployment are the main reasons of early marriage. Likewise, early pregnancy, unplanned pregnancy, prolonged labor, lower abdominal pain, uterine prolapse, and increasing responsibility are the main consequences of early marriage. Hence, the efforts have to be made to prevent the early marriage through awareness and various educational programs.

Endometrial Microcalcification in a 31-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report

Endometrial microcalcifications are an uncommon event, though they may be a cause of amenorrhoea and infertility. It is often detected incidentally as echogenic lesions on ultrasonography and in endometrial samples sent for histopathological examination. A 31-year-old Para 0+3 presented with amenorrhoea and a “curettage sample” obtained from an evacuation performed for a missed abortion at ten weeks gestation. She brought the tissue obtained during the endometrial curettage, which was performed at a private hospital for histopathological examination and follow-up at the Gynaecology Clinic. A provisional diagnosis of atrophic endometrium was made following a pelvic ultrasound scan, while histopathological examination revealed placenta tissue with microcalcifications. The patient was subsequently placed on combined oral contraceptives for three cycles, having ruled out possible contraindications. She had regular per vaginam bleeding for three consecutive cycles. She resumed spontaneous menses and eventually achieved pregnancy. Although endometrial microcalcification is rare, it is a potential cause of secondary amenorrhea and infertility in women of reproductive age group.

Second Recurrence of Aggressive Angiomyxoma of Labia Majora in a 34-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report and Review of Literature

AbstractAggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare, slow-growing, benign neoplasm with high recurrence and local invasion. It is usually asymptomatic and frequently presents as a mass affecting the perineal and pelvic regions of women in reproductive age group. We present a rare case of a 34-year-old woman with second recurrence of a giant AAM arising from labia majora. The patient presented with a slow-growing pedunculated mass (around 20 × 12 cm) over the right labia majora for the past 1 year. In the last 10 years, she was operated on two different occasions (2013 and 2015) for similar lesion and was a confirmed case of AAM. Ultrasound of the lesion and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdominopelvic region was suggestive of recurrent AAM. The patient underwent en bloc dissection of the tumor with negative margin. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of recurrent AAM. En bloc dissection with negative margin leads to complete removal of tumor mass. However, long-term follow-up with annual magnetic resonance imaging is advised.

A study on the gynecological morbidity among women in reproductive age group in a rural area in Kannur district

Background: Concern for the health of women in poorer nations, is on the rise. Despite being more frequent than ill health during pregnancy, gynecological illnesses are often missed. These issues have a large effect on the lives of women creating discomfort and social fallout. There are only a few studies in Kerala dwelling into this subject. This was a pioneer study in Kannur looking into women’s gynecological issues. Methods: Cheruthazham Panchayat in Kannur district, serves as the field practice area for the department of community medicine at the Government Medical College in Kannur. Here a community-based descriptive research was conducted including 404 women, between June 2017 and July 2018. Relevant data was gathered utilizing a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire and SPSS was used for data analysis. Results: The study population’s mean age was 32.20±10.741 years. 81.7% was the prevalence of gynecological morbidity in the study. Menstruation related problems (68.1%) formed the majority of them. Gynecological morbidity was significantly associated with age at menarche, religion and education. Menstrual disorders and dysmenorrhoea also had significant associations with age at menarche, age and factors like parity, marital status, sexual activity. 30.6% of women sought treatment for their gynecological morbidity. Conclusions: The prevalence of gynecological morbidity was very high among the study population, but the treatment seeking behaviour was very low. Education and guidance on identifying and managing these issues should be provided so as to improve their quality of life.

A Study to Identify Extent of Difference between Son and Daughter Preference, Gender Discrimination and its Socio Demographic Predictors among Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age Group in Selected Rural Community of West Bengal

A Study to Identify Extent of Difference between Son and Daughter Preference, Gender Discrimination and its Socio Demographic Predictors among Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age Group in Selected Rural Community of West Bengal

Internet use, spatial variation and its determinants among reproductive age women in Ethiopia

BackgroundThe Internet is the preferred source of health information for retrieving relevant information. In Ethiopia, the Internet penetration rate is improving year to year, but it is still at a low level compared to the rest of the world and neighboring African countries. Due to a lack of adequate information, it is important to assess Internet use, spatial variation, and determinants of Internet use among reproductive-age group women in Ethiopia.MethodSecondary data from EDHS 2016 were used to analyze 15,683 women aged 15–49 years. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS 10.7. The Bernoulli model was used by applying Kuldorff’s methods using SaTScan 10.1.2 software to analyze the purely spatial clusters of Internet use. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression was applied to estimate community variance to identify individual- and community-level factors associated with Internet use. All models were fitted in STATA version 17.0, and finally, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported.ResultThe magnitude of Internet use was 4.97% ± 95% CI (4.63–5.32). The overall average age of women was 24.21 ± 8.06 years, with the age range 15–24 years constituting the larger group (39.2%). Women with secondary and above education [AOR = 6.47; 95% CI (5.04, 8.31)], unmarried [AOR = 2.60; 95% CI (1.89, 3.56)], rich [AOR = 1.95; 95% CI (1.00, 3.80)], own a mobile phone [AOR = 3.74; 95% CI (2.75, 5.09)], media exposure [AOR = 2.63; 95% CI (2.03, 3.42)], and urban [AOR = 1.80; 95% CI (1.08, 3.01)] had higher odds of Internet use. The spatial variation in Internet use was found to be nonrandom (global Moran’s I = 0.58, p value < 0.001). Fifty-seven primary clusters were identified that were located in Addis Ababa city with a relative likelihood of 10.24 and a log-likelihood ratio of 425.16.ConclusionsInternet use among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia is 4.97 and has significant spatial variation across the country. Both community- and individual-level factors affect Internet use in Ethiopia. Therefore, educating women, improving access to media, encouraging women to use family planning, and supporting household wealth could improve women’s Internet use.

Episiotomy Scar Endometriosis — A Rare Presentation

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is a benign disorder defined as presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the normal location. Perineal scar endometriosis, at the episiotomy scar site, is a very rare entity occurring in only about 0.03–0.15%¹ CASE STUDIES: Two cases of episiotomy scar endometriosis in perineum reported in department of obstetrics and gynaecology in Apollo KH hospital at different time period have been discussed in this article. CONCLUSION:Endometriosis is a chronic condition affecting women in reproductive age group. Episiotomy scar endometriosis is a rare entity requiring high clinical suspicion for diagnosis. Treatment of choice for perineal scar endometriosis is surgical excision with wide margins. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent morbidity