Women In Public Sphere Research Articles

Bhutanese Women in Public Spheres: Agency, Existence and Resistance

Bhutanese Women in Public Spheres: Agency, Existence and Resistance

Gender Construction in Manhaj Salaf's Account: A Study of Hadith Content on the Existence of Women in Public Sphere

This paper aims to discuss the gender construction of the ‘Manhaj Salaf’ account which regularly posts religious narratives containing hadith. The author specifically tried to read the gender construction of this account through the hadiths about the existence of women. In this case, the author read the contents carefully, then analyzed it with discourse analysis theory and classified it according to the typology of gender discrimination. In addition, the author also look at the implications and effects of the content on the lives of social media users. This study concluded that the Manhaj Salaf account has a bias understanding in narrating the content of hadith, especially about the existence of women. This is proven by its textual and subjective understanding in it. It also raises a negative and positive implications for social media users.

Negotiating Modernity with Caution: Women of Jama’at-e- Islami Pakistan

Role of Muslim women in public sphere has been a highly contested topic among international academia since many decades. Dominant Orientalist approach assumes universal and monolithic Islam that is uncompromisingly oppressive to women and confines them in homes. Many of recent studies contest this view and term it as reductionists. This article focusses on the transformation of policies of Jama’at-e-Islami Pakistan (JI), as a representative of contemporary Islamic movements, on the issue of Muslim women’s participation in public sphere and adoption of modernity at their own terms. It investigates the underpinning of these trajectories traversed by the party, synthesising the modernity with Islamic Principles. Research is qualitative in nature and based on textural analysis of the documents i.e. published material (books, articles, proceedings, resolutions, interviews etc.). Input managed through few face-to-face semi structured interviews is also included. Study shows gradual change in party policy; from hesitation in granting even rights of vote to the women, to putting women candidates for assemblies, involving them in street protests and using all modern techniques to further party’s agenda but at their own terms. Study finds that JI has taken every step for opening of public sphere for women, using all the available opportunities, resources and platforms. However there is conspicuous consistency in their narrative that, the first and most important responsibility of women is her home and family. When policies of JI on the issue are viewed in western feminism framework, these seem quite restrictive, oppressive and detrimental to women rights, however, there are others who admit that slowly and steadily, JI women, by using selective tools of modernity, have taken over the major portion of public space, once solely dominated by the secular women organizations in Pakistan.

Women in Public Sphere after The Implementation of Islamic Sharia in Aceh

This article discusses several activities intended for Acehnese women after the implementation of Islamic sharia. Activities aimed at women in public spaces have an impact on the marginalization and narrowing of women's public spaces. This article also explicitly provides an overview and analysis of what actually happened to Acehnese women so that it appears that there is a problem of the domination of male power over women based on religious, cultural, and political arguments. The purpose of this article is for the public to understand that the Aceh government has made policies aimed at women in the public sphere with the support of Wilayatul Hisbah, which has an impact on the marginalization of women. It is found that after the implementation of Islamic law in 2001 until now, in Aceh, there have been domestication of women with various regulations (qonuns) as well as text interpretations which are used as legitimacy by the power of conservative ideology on progressive understanding. This article makes Aceh a focus area. This article is based on the literature as a secondary source as well as interviews with experts.

Attitude of Men Folk towards Participation of Married Women in Public Sphere in Pakhtun Society

This paper aimed to investigate the attitude of men folk and participation of women in public sphere in Pukhtoon society. The study was quantitative in nature and a well thought interview schedule was used as a tool of data collection. The data was collected from the sample size of 384 respondents. The study found that the attitude of men folk significantly (Pd”0.05) associated with employed spouses share family expenses collectively, joblessness situation of husband influence his attitude towards his wife, husband shows authoritative behavior to control the status of wife, higher involvement of husbands in private sphere effects their relation, working wife is expected to be submissive, and clear roles have assigned to the husband and wife according to their culture. Furthermore, spurious relationship was found between women participation in public sphere and men folk on the basis of age, level of education and nature of job.

Mulheres e(m) quadrinhos: caminhos e perspectivas historiográficas

Nos primeiros anos do século XXI, observa-se a força do movimento feminista e de reinvindicações políticas comprometidas em estabelecer o protagonismo das mulheres na esfera pública. No mesmo contexto, ocorre um aumento no interesse sobre as histórias em quadrinhos (HQs) enquanto linguagem dotada de procedimentos bastante específicos, em que a narrativa visual possibilita representar outras perspectivas sobre a experiência humana no tempo. Não por acaso, as HQs permitem dar visibilidade e abordar de maneira única as lutas feministas do tempo presente, o que se expressa, por sua vez, numa crescente produção acadêmica que busca rever o lugar das mulheres no mundo das HQs. O presente artigo é uma aproximação sobre este vasto corpus bibliográfico, focando a análise em alguns trabalhos importantes dedicados a investigar a atuação das mulheres nas HQs, incluindo uma análise de pesquisas acadêmicas sobre HQs desenvolvidas mais recentemente no Brasil. A conclusão sinaliza para algumas das possibilidades de investigação futura, destacando as especificidades da linguagem das HQs para narrar e representar graficamente a condição feminina no mundo contemporâneo. Palavras-chave: Histórias em Quadrinhos. História das Mulheres. Feminismo.

Historical retrospective: Jewish women of Belarus in the development of dental tourism (second half of the 19 – early 20th cent.)

The article based on archival documents will consider such a direction in the tourism industry as medical tourism. Dentists were pioneers in this area in Belarus, but the history of this industry is much older than one might think. In the late 19th and early 20th cent. Jewish Pale of Settlement passed through the territory of Belarus. Belarusian provinces, which constituted a significant part of the Jewish population in that period entered a period of dramatic changes. The modernization process resulted in the appearance of women in public spheres. Since the second half of the 19th cent., after the development of the regulatory framework, it becomes possible to obtain the specialty of a dentist. Archival documents from the National Historical Archive of Belarus (NHAB) in Grodno and Minsk show that the dental industry was very attractive to Jewish women. Druskeniki was a special place for the Jewish population. Women Jewish dental offices were in great demand not only among the Jewish population, but also among Christians. This activity gave women the opportunity to have their own income, and, therefore, freed them from patriarchal dependence, destroying gender stereotypes imposed by society. The process of emancipation of the female Jewish population began. The end result of these processes was the formation at the turn of the 19th – early 20th cent. a new type of independent woman

MAINSTREAMING GENDER IN KARĀCHĪ’S PUBLIC TRANSPORT POLICY

Conversations around gender inequality often focus on access to health, education, and workplace rights, but scarcely concern the transportation sector. The latter is highly gender discriminatory, especially in developing countries such as Pakistan, affecting the mobility of women and third genders, who face inequities in the provision and accessibility of this public service. Such constraints to safe, efficient, and comfortable mobility create serious problems for certain genders reflecting their economic security: this by extension is both a cause and an effect of social inequality, and the failure of federal budget allocation towards transportation leading to profound gender disparities in cities. It not only affects mobility but also, consequently, shapes the way in which space is occupied by women in public spheres. In the light of these challenges, this policy paper seeks to highlight the specific mobility challenges faced by women and transgender population, in the metropolis of Karāchī, who commute via public transport that includes buses, taxis and rickshaws. It highlights existing shortcomings in, and recommends an urgent focus on a more inclusive, need-based public transportation system. By drawing on the principles of gender mainstreaming interventions in public transportation in other countries, and data from first-hand interviews with local conductors, bus drivers and passengers – this policy makes some pragmatic recommendations, paying special attention to issues of inclusion, accessibility, safety and mobility. The implications of this study are to enhance evidence-based policy-making in transportation with particular focus on urban planning and gender – sensitive city development.

KEDUDUKAN POLITIK PEREMPUAN DALAM METAFORA MASYARAKAT MINANGKABAU

This study examines the meaning of metaphors of women in Minangkabau community, which are expressed in the form of praise to the wise and high position of women. The praise for women in the methaporic discourse does not mean the same thing in its reality. Politically, such praise for women can be a trap for women’s position and freedom. Politics is closely related to the power of words, and many politicians often manipulated the words through metaphors to create political realities that are many times untrue. It is also used to change the impossibilities to be posible to attract followers. The manipulation of the metaphors are used to marginalize women in public sphere, as well.

The Politics of Naming Reform in the Gendered Spheres of Home and Work

Naming has been a central focus of feminist language planning. The initial emphasis was on reforming naming practices for women in public spheres (work, education, media). More recently public discourses about work/life balance have drawn together the public and private, shaping the naming practices for women and men in these domains. This paper explores the dynamics and politics of naming in the intersecting gendered spheres of work and home. Our focus is on the naming of men who occupy the space traditionally associated with women in the home: child care and home duties. We address the consequences of social change on planning agendas and reform strategies in the light of the role of gender-inclusive language planning to promote linguistic equality.

Women in Turkish Political Thought: Between Tradition and Modernity

This article aims at revealing the patriarchal pattern that has dominated Turkish political thought in the 20th century. I analyse the construction of woman's identity in the writings of three prominent thinkers of the early-republican era (1923–1945); namely, Ahmet Aǧaoǧlu, Peyami Safa and Zekeriya Sertel. The thinkers are deliberately chosen since each represents challenging political dispositions vis-à-vis the others. Ahmet Aǧaoǧlu is a liberal-nationalist, Peyami Safa is a well-known conservative thinker and Zekeriya Sertel is a leftist. However, despite the differences between and/or opposing foundations of their approaches all the three thinkers agree that there is a universally valid woman nature, attested by women's reproductive function, and approach the ‘woman issue’ on the basis of this assumption. The thinkers also argue that participation of women in public sphere inevitably results in their masculinization. Moreover, they distinguish between femininity and womanhood and offer their ideal models of womanhood. Although one can trace differences among the models, all converge on the concept of ‘nation's motherhood’ as the most significant feature of ideal womanhood. The main argument of the article is that women's subordination in the Turkish context is reinforced by the wide acceptance of these assumptions, and is further reproduced by the exclusion of the construction of gender typologies in the studies on Turkish political thought for a considerably long time.

Paradojas del familiarismo en el Estado del bienestar: mujeres y renta básica

In this study we try to show how the special feature of mediterranean family is related with public policies and law in southern Europe Welfare States. In the present conditions of structural changes, this characteristic relationship has outstanding consequences for women in public sphere but also in the private life. As far as public policies continue holding on family solidarity, they are ineffective to remove the subordinate rol of women. In this framework, we intend to give some reasons why an unconditional income guarantee is an appropriate policy to bring face that subordinate rol.

A comprehensive study of American writer Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, 1844-1911: art for truth's sake

Introduction - literary life of Elizabeth Stuart Phelps awakening to intellectual and spiritual life - Phelps and philosophy labour reform and class issues - the fingers of world crusading for temperance and women's rights - always kind when he's sober women in public sphere - breaking down walls true woman and man - confessions of an American wife concealing herself behind her autobiography, revealing herself in her fiction - some conclusions.