Women In Different Areas Research Articles

Tension between judicial practices and the procedural iter regarding domestic violence judicial cases involving women

Violence within the family is a global problem that addresses with special concern that relapse against women. International guidelines point to professionalized care for women in different areas of public life, including access to justice, promoting the generation of specials data. The objective of the study is to characterize the judicial cases on domestic violence against women and referred to the Legal Clinic of the Finis Terrae University from the Center for Precautionary Measures of the Family Courts of Santiago de Chile, between the years 2017-2021, providing a better knowledge and understanding of the development of this phenomenon, from the judicial process. The methodology used has been quantitative and includes a universe of 553 causes. The results project to the need for fluid interaction between Family Courts and Regional Governments, as well as the importance of complying with legal procedures. Judicial practices require judges and officials of the Family Courts who are educated and attentive to considering timely attention in the various phases of the trial, as part of the guarantee of access to justice.

The Integration of Gender Equality (SDG 5) into University Teaching: the View from the Frontline

Most universities are working committedly towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The University of Alicante (UA) (Spain) has designed a series of strategies to help crystallize its aims within these goals, including those related to gender equality (SDG 5). Given the context, the aims of this study are (1) to find out whether teachers integrate SDG 5 into their teaching and, if so, what strategies they use, (2) to analyse how they perceive the effects of this and what factors help or hinder the process, and (3) to check for possible differences in these perceptions according to sex and faculty. Some 310 teachers from all the UA faculties participated. A descriptive and comparative analysis was performed, as was a content analysis. Half of the participants were found to be implementing these strategies, with women in general and teachers from the Faculty of Humanities in particular appearing to be most aware of the subject. However, only a minority applied them on a mainstream basis. The most used strategy was inclusive language. Other strategies, such as reflecting on equality, promoting equal participation, visibilizing women in different areas of knowledge, equal treatment of students and gender research, were also present in their narratives but to only a very small degree. Improved professional development for teachers and greater student awareness of gender issues were identified as positive effects of incorporating these strategies. Participants also felt that low awareness and a lack of time and training were obstacles to the process. Universities should therefore establish specific institutional policies aimed at integrating SDG 5 as a quality indicator. Training programmes should be redesigned to take into account a more practical approach, the type of learning (classroom, online or mixed), and subsequent follow-up in the classroom to guarantee effective integration.

Traços de personalidade na área de tecnologia associados a segregação ocupacional por gênero

The access and unequal positions of women in different areas of work have been objects of study in the last decades. Gender inequality in the professional field can be observed by stereotypes attributed to men and women, as occurs today in the technology areas. Therefore, this study analyses two personality traits, Assistance and Affection, among professionals from technology companies to understand if these personality traits, often related to the female gender, are right or wrong. This sample is composed of 1700 workers of both genders, trained or undergoing training in technology courses that responds to the Factorial Personality Inventory (IFP-II), over 11 years, applied in potential tests for hiringin this area. As a result, both personality traits showed appropriate levels for women to work in the technology area, which suggests that occupational segregation to the female gender is moreinfluenced socially and culturally than by personality traits.

Theoretical studies focused on gender discrimination against Roma women in the Czech Republic

Discrimination affects the lives of many Roma women in different areas of their lives. Issues such as unequal access to the labor market for women and men, domestic violence, stereotypical expectations of the roles of women in society, other expectations in education for women and men are deepening in the context of discrimination and ethnicity expectations. Roma women in the Czech Republic are among the groups most at risk of unemployment. However, repeated failures to find a job reduce their self-esteem and, unfortunately, predetermine their future use in the family circle and in the natural community where they are more or less the role of careers. Relationships in the Roma community are much stronger than usual in Czech society. Many Roma women have a subordinate position towards husband and other male family members. Roma families often do not allow a woman to study, according to her usual practice; she should take care of her family and children. The current need is to listen to the voice of Romani women who strive for full participation in the Czech society and to act in this sense also on the attitudes of their surroundings.

Analysis of cervical cancer screening results in women aged 50 and older in Beijing and Guizhou

Objective: To analyze the screening results of cervical cancer in elderly women in Beijing and Guizhou. To compare the screening effectiveness of cervical cancer in elderly women in different areas. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the screening data of elderly women (≥50 years) who had examination at cervical lesion clinic in Peking University People's Hospital and Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2013 to January 2014, with histopathology as the gold standard, to compare screening effectiveness of cervical cytology or HPV detection for elderly women in cervical cancer screening in the two regions. Results: Among the patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and above (CIN2 + ) detected by colposcopy in Peking University People's Hospital and Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 44.1% (82/186) and 57.0% (98/172) were women aged 50 and older. In Beijing group 39.0% (32/82) of CIN2 + patients had clinical symptoms, which in Guizhou group was 31.6% (31/98). In Beijing group and Guizhou group, 50.0% (19/38) and 73.2% (30/41) patients with cervical cancer had never been screened, respectively. In Beijing group and Guizhou group, 5.4% (4/74) and 19.2% (10/52) of the patients with CIN2 + had cervical cytology negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), respectively (P=0.015). The cervical cytology showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) in 10.2% (13/127) and 24.6% (14/57), respectively, with significant difference (P=0.01). The cervical cytology showed low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) in 14.9% (11/74) and 37.5% (6/16) with no significant difference (P=0.08). Atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H) were 41.7% (5/12) and 71.4% (20/28) with no statistically significant difference (P=0.15). High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were 78.9% (15/19) and 86.4% (19/22) with no significant difference (P=0.83). In cases with HPV detection information, the sensitivity of CIN2+ diagnosis by high-risk HPV detection in Beijing group and Guizhou group was 95.2% (40/42) and 73.6% (39/53) that was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: In both Beijing and Guizhou, the incidence of CIN2+ in elderly women is at a relatively high level. There were differences in the detection of CIN2+ by cervical cytology or HPV detection in Beijing and Guizhou.

Od nastoletniego macierzyństwa do życia w dorosłości w wypowiedziach kobiety z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną

Maternity in the case of women with intellectual disabilities is exposed to many factors hindering its implementation. Research on this occurrence shows that one of the main reasons for that is insufficient or inept support for this group of women in different areas, such as educational, financial, informative, emotional. Teenage mothers with disabilities are in a particularly difficult situation. The article presents the analysis of statements of an adult woman with mild intellectual disability on her experience of teenage pregnancy as well as maternity as an adult woman. The humanistic attitude of giving the floor to the respondent allowed to determine other meaningful matters in the woman’s life (among others: relationships with life partners, relationship with the mother, vision of the future, financial situation) The methodology of research used was qualitative research. Two open interviews took place 8 months apart. The interviews were recorded to an electronic device. The material obtained was later transcribed. Triangulation of the sources was included (two family assistants were interviewed).

Género en el discurso: discriminación. Maltrato a la mujer

A través del presente trabajo se ofrece una visión generalizada sobre uno de los temas, desgraciadamente, de mayor actualidad y vital relevancia como es el tema del maltrato a la mujer en distintos ámbitos. Hemos seleccionado este tema para contrastarlo con diversos datos, fruto de una breve investigación, y serán relacionados con algunas de las referencias con las que la Doctora Encarnación Hidalgo obsequió a los asistentes durante las sesiones que impartió en el Máster en estudios de género en la Universidad de Almería, como es el caso de la discriminación de la mujer a través del discurso.

A Recipe Book of Traditional Sri Lankan Food

Although a number of various traditional foods and diversity of cooking styles and techniques were available in Sri Lanka, today most of them are getting lost as a result of ‘modernization’ dietary patterns. However, in Sri Lanka,a very limited number of researcheshave been conducted on traditional foods. Therefore, surveys about traditional foods and dishes are essential to cut down many problems related with the modernized foods and to increase use of locally available food sources. In Sri Lanka, there are many recipe books but they do not give an idea about nutrition composition. The survey was conducted to develop a recipe book by including traditional Sri Lankan food recipes and their nutrition composition. Different food recipes were collected from adult women in different areas (08 districts) by home visits, face to face interviews and through telephone calls. Further, available traditional recipes were collected by reviewing the recipe books and searching internet. The amount of ingredients for solid foods were measured by using household measures and home scale and expressed as grams. Liquid foods were measured by measuring cylinder and household measures and expressed as millilitres. The recipes which were taken from telephone calls were prepared at the University dietetics laboratory. Nutrition compositions of recipes were calculated using the Food Base 2000 software. The developed recipe book consists of 50 recipes of Sri Lankan traditional foods, the method of preparation as well as the nutritional composition. The recipes in the book have been presented under five food categories; cereal based foods, sweets, dishes, mallum and kola kenda / herbal drinks. Thus, the developed recipe book provides different recipes with way of preparation and nutrition composition of them. Therefore, this can be used as an educational tool for menu planning.

Household Decision Making Process of Rural Women in Bangladesh

Most of the women in Bangladesh are not empowered to participate in social, economical, and political decision-making process of the country, which is one of the important elements of women empowerment. Within this context the study is designed mainly to identify the areas of participation of women in household decision making and contributing factors of their participation level as well. The specific objectives of the study are to: (a) identify the area of women participation in household decision making (b) identify the significant factors influencing the participation of rural women in decision making processes, (c) measure the degree of participation of women in different areas of household decisions. Raichow village of Comilla Sadar Upazila was purposively selected as the sample for the study. Selected respondents (100) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. It was found that women participation in joint decision is comparatively higher (above 50%) in house making/repair, family planning, education of son/daughter, purchase of household goods, treatment of family members and membership in local institutions. On the contrary, the percentage of women’s alone decision in presence of household head was rarely observed (highest in family planning only 15.5%). It has been also observed that in the absence of household head/husband, women’s responsibility in the family increased. In the Raichow village, most of the women took household related decisions in absence of household head/husband. The correlation coefficient is significant between women decision level and their age (0.257; α = 0.05) and education (0.206; α = 0.10); but not significant relationship was found between women decision level and their income. That means women’s age and education is positively related to their decision making level.

Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women in Selected Rural and Urban Area of Bangladesh

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine nutritional status of pregnant women in different areas of Bangladesh by anthropometric and biochemical assessment. Measurement of body weight gain in different stages of pregnancy period was calculated as 20% and 14% severely malnourished, 54% and 30% moderately malnourished, 21% and 43% well nourished and 5% and 13% over malnourished ; hemoglobin (Hb) level was 16% and 19% severely anemic, 38% and 54% moderately anemic, 24% and 42% mildly anemic and 6% and 11% non-anemic; educational levels were 8% and 15% illiterate, 17% and 44% primary, 29% and 25% secondary, 10% and 39% under graduate and 2% and 11% post graduation of rural and urban pregnant women respectively. Monthly expenditure ≤ Tk.3000 to Tk.4000 food for rural and urban pregnant women were found and considered as important causes for nutritional status during pregnancy period. Beside these, early marriage, frequent birth, illiteracy, poverty, misconceptions, and lack of nutritional knowledge were follow up in this study period. The outcome showed that urban pregnant women were well nourished than rural pregnant women comparatively and also obesity was encountered as an indicator in urban pregnant women than rural.

P03-34 - Acute psychosis: are men and women different?

According to valid classification systems no difference is aknowledged considering gender in acute psycosis, which is true for all other disorders in psychiatry as well. However several studies suggest that differences in clinical presentation of psychosis do exist in men and women in different areas of symptomatology, function, help-seeking behavior, DUP, teatment and course as well as outcome. The diffreneces seem to be important for both recognition of psychosis as well as treatment.We are conducting a prospective study evaluating all patients with first episode acute psychosis that is currently at its second stage with revised instruments. At first stage we included 98 patients with acute psychosis and evaluated them using PANSS, CGI and GAS along with all other relevant information including therapy.We will present both first and partial second stage information on differences in symtpoms in acute psychosis according to gender. Results show that with men negative symtpoms along with function decline and neglect are significantly more prominent. In women positive and mood symtpoms are predominant with preserved function and self-care.Results are in concordance with other published studies and suggest that clincal presentations of acute psychosis might differ significantly to the point where these differences should be included in evaluating psychosis, the need for treatment and treatment choice as well.Implications for future studies and clinical work will be proposed.

O Futebol Feminino nos Jogos Olímpicos de Pequim

Gender relations put men and women in different areas of the hierarchy, for instance in the case of soccer. This work analyzed the news articles from the Beijing 2008 section of the Newspaper Folha de Sao Paulo to identify the space attributed to news articles about female and male soccer, and to qualitatively evaluate what is said to its readers. The result shows that the percentage of words addressing women was higher compared to other surveys and the area for pictures was similar for both genders, however this only happened on account of the influence of the event. The news allowed for an analysis of women in soccer: the entities that perpetuate the hierarchical difference between the genders when they don't support them; the raising of issues regarding aesthetics which explains why these athletes are not erotized by the media as is the case in other modalities; as soccer is considered to be a male area the media demanded better results from the men.

Plasma folate status and dietary folate intake among Chinese women of childbearing age

Maternal folic acid deficiency is an underlying risk for neural tube defects (NTDs). China has one of the highest prevalences of NTDs, and the prevalence rates of NTDs vary by region. We characterized plasma folate level and dietary folate intake among Chinese women of childbearing age by region (North and South, East and West, urban and rural) to provide evidence for establishing policy to prevent NTDs. A total of 1003 women of childbearing age from five provinces in China were interviewed. Fasting blood samples were collected. Plasma folate concentrations were determined by a microbiological assay. Dietary intake data were collected using a 24-h recall. Both the plasma folate concentrations and dietary folate intake of women in the South (25.9 nmol L(-1) and 211.0 microg day(-1)) were higher than those of women in the North (13.3 nmol L(-1) and 189.2 microg day(-1)). In the North, plasma folate concentrations and dietary folate intake of women in rural areas were lower than those of women in urban areas, whereas, in the South, an opposite pattern was observed. No difference was found between women in the East and West, in either the North or South regions. Plasma folate and dietary folate intake among Chinese women of childbearing age were suboptimal and varied by region. Different folic acid supplementation approaches and dosage should be undertaken to improve folate status of women in different areas. Particular attention should be paid to women in the North, especially in northern rural areas.

Anemia Prevalence among Pregnant Women and Birth Weight in Five Areas in China

Objectives: To investigate the current prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in different areas of China and the association with birth weight and educational level. Methods: A total of 6,413 women aged 24–37 in the third trimester of pregnancy from five areas were randomly selected from all gravidas who gave birth in the hospitals from 1999 to 2003. Blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) was measured by the cyanomethemoglobin method; Hb <110 g/l was considered as anemia. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 58.6%, ranging from 48.1 to 70.5% in the five areas. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of anemia between women who have mental jobs and those who have physical jobs (52.3 vs. 61.1%, p < 0.01). The prevalence of anemia depended on the level of education: with 52.9, 62.4 and 66.5%, for college, secondary school and primary education, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.005). Results showed that higher birth weight was associated with Hb concentrations ranging from 90 to 140 g/l, whereas lower birth weight occurred below 80 g/l and above 140 g/l Hb. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia in Chinese pregnant women was high both in rural areas and towns. Area of residence, education level and type of job influenced the prevalence of anemia. Low maternal Hb concentrations influenced birth weight.