Women In Cyberspace Research Articles

Perlindungan Perlindungan Terhadap Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online Dalam Era Digital

In today’s digital era, sexual violence crimes often occur in cyberspace. Based on the annual records of the National Commission on Violence Against Women, reports of cases of online gender-based violence have increased in the last five years. Cyberspace is currently not a safe space for women. As a basic law, the Indonesian Constitution of 1945 explicitly regulates the right to a sense of security and protection for everyone. The methods used in this study are normative juridical using a legislative approach and a case approach. The purpose of this study is to provide legal arguments regarding whether an event is right or wrong and how the event should be according to law. Based on the results of the study, in law enforcement, law enforcement officers often use the electronic information and transactions law and the pornography law which results in victims being in a vulnerable position. The negative stigma from society and criminalization of victims result in a minimum of cases being resolved through litigation so that victims do not get the right to handling and recovery as mandated by the law on sexual violence. The state must guarantee a safe space for women in cyberspace. The state must carry out its commitment to provide justice and restitution to victims as mandated by law. For the sake of legal certainty, the government must immediately ratify the implementing regulations of the law on sexual violence. Provide socialization to the public regarding the law on sexual violence to increase public legal awareness and improve the competence of law enforcement officers by providing training in handling cases of online gender-based violence.

Crimes of Stalking and Harassment against Women in Cyberspace

With the advancement of technology the world has become a global village. The most modern invention is the Internet which has broken national boundaries and has created a space known as cyberspace. The Internet is the new oil of the 21st century. Like any invention, the internet too has both boon and bane. Crimes against women are rising against women in every sphere of life. Crimes against women start with her fetus in the form of female feticide, when she is born in the form of female infanticide, in her youth matrimonial crimes, sexual crime and so on. With the coming of the internet and a new space have emerged which have become the playground for offences against women. Cyber crime is the most burning issue in contemporary times affecting the modesty; security and privacy of net users especially women. This paper is an attempt to highlight the legal provisions dealing with cyber stalking and harassment against women in India.

Feminist activisms: the appropriations of the podcast media for the mobilization and empowerment of women in cyberspace

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as apropriações da mídia podcast como meio de comunicação no contexto das lutas emancipatórias das mulheres na contemporaneidade. Especificamente, o que se pretende compreender é se as mensagens veiculadas pelo Olhares Podcast contribuem para ampliar a luta das ouvintes feministas no ciberespaço, empoderando e mobilizando mulheres. A pesquisa ancora a sua abordagem teórica em autores como Castells (2013, 2017), Cremades (2009), Alvarez (2014) e Costa (2018). Trata-se de um estudo de caso que utiliza técnicas de netnografia combinadas à coleta de dados a partir de entrevistas realizadas com ouvintes e a produtora do programa. A abordagem netnográfica se faz presente devido ao peso do componente online do objeto do estudo. A pesquisa aponta o potencial do podcast como mídia para engajamento, empoderamento e formação de mulheres, principalmente, se alinhado a outras estratégias que usam a força mobilizadora dos relatos pessoais como motor de conexão entre mulheres.

Intersection of Technology and Online Gender Violence in India

This study deals with online gender violence in India which is done with the aid of new advanced technology, its various forms and its causes. Online gender violence is the result of blend of digital revolution in the form of access of internet and social evil prevailing in society. Gender based violence is quite common in India. It is a harsh reality that the women in India have been ill-treated for ages in our male dominated society. She is not only robbed of her dignity and pride by way of seduction by the men outside, but also, has become a victim of cruelty by her saviors, within the four walls of her own house. The phenomenon of violence against women arises from patriarchal notions of Indian society. Gender violence is not a new concept in India it has been around in the Indian society for a long time only with the advancement of society it has changed its nature with its characteristics. Technological development has given rise to various new inventions in the virtual world especially in the field of Information technology in the form of digital communication which is considered to be one of the paramount gifts of modern day development of technology and science. But these gifts are being misused for harassing women in cyber space known as online violence against women. Online gender violence in India is another type of violence against women which is encouraged by internet and information technology which has given birth to new kind of crime against women called as cyber or online crime against women. Women who are often seen as at risk or who experience high volume of online harassment and are easily targeted via new avenues of harassment and violence such as cyber stalking, morphing, pornography, online defamation, blackmailing. Technology has integrated into pre-existing forms of criminal violence and harassment against women. This shows that women are not only subject to physical gender violence but are also subject to online gender violence which is increasing day by day with great extent. These online gender violence shows that there was a change to the background or scenery of crime and criminal justice system. In spite of several of legislations, efforts of government and judiciary the percentage of online gender violence is increasing day by day. So there is an urgent need to find the measure to cope up with the menace of online gender violence.

LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL RESPONSES TO CYBER STALKING AGAINST WOMEN: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

Cyber Crime is the dark side of digital technology. Cyber Stalking is one of the cybercrimes against Individual which has been continuously growing in Digital era. The Cases of cyberstalking or bullying of women or children increased by 36% from 542 in 2017 to 739 in 2018, data released recently by the NCRB showed. Meanwhile, the conviction rate for cyberstalking or bullying of women and children fell 15% points, to 25% in 2018 from 40% in 2017.2Despite Information Technology Act 2000 and other legislations Cyberstalking crime is on the rise in India. Despite these prevailing situations, the Indian judiciary is still a ray of hope. To curbing this digital crime we need to throw light on present Cyber Stalking crime’s situations and do amendments in current prevailing cyber legislations in India. Through this paper, the researcher will try to study Cyber Stalking against women in India. This paper is an attempt to analyze the Indian legislation, Cyber Legislation for Cyber Stalking, and the Judiciary's approach relating to the rights of women in cyberspace upholding Gender Justice.

Feminist Cyber-resistance to Digital Violence: Surviving Gamergate

Women in cyberspace do not escape patriarchal violence and are subject to strict social control exercised through technological means. Cyber-violence especially affects women with an explicitly feminist presence in virtual spaces. Their participation in and advocacy of feminist values are considered a transgression of the patriarchal mandate, which seeks to exclude women from public spaces or, failing that, to marginalise them. That is why they are the targets of grave intimidation, harassment and threats. At the same time, digital networks have spawned a plethora of spaces for women’s collective, political and social action. Thus, online activity has played a key role in the resurgence and revitalisation of feminist communities and debates. This paper analyses the projects launched by Zoë Quinn and Anita Sarkeesian, two of the main targets of the Gamergate movement. We will study: (1) Crash Override and Speak Up & Stay Safe(r), a helpline and a resource platform for cyber-violence victims, respectively; (2) feminist cyber-resistance projects, within the framework of cyber-feminism and the current paradigm shift in the culture of protest and feminist organisation.

Sexual Offences in the Cyber World: Emerging Technological Challenges

The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of the protection provided for privacy and the related interests of women in cyberspace. This research provides a review and analysis of state changes, guidelines, etc. regulatory tools to protect women's privacy and related interests in cyberspace. These instruments constitute an area of law and politics that has reached considerable maturity, diffusion and normative importance over the decades. Awareness of the law and policies in this area is the main objective and will reflect the state of India. All about regulation is a large body of academic commentary that analyzes privacy issues in cyberspace from different angles. This research will present a predictive analysis of sexual and cybercrime crimes against women in India and the laws that prevent cyber victimization in general and women in particular

Online Interpersonal Victimization as a Mechanism of Social Control of Women: An Empirical Examination.

Cyber space is an ever-expanding mode of perpetrating sexualized violence toward women. This article empirically examines the applicability of Susan Brownmiller's adaptation of the theory of social control to online interpersonal victimization (OIV) against women. Multiple regression analysis identified predictors of behaviors indicative of social control among a Canadian sample. Findings suggest that the theory of social control, which has been applied to violence against women in physical space, is applicable to OIV. This study also provides insights into the separate and compound effects of physical space and cyber space victimizations on women and identifies implications for improving methods and building theories for addressing violence against women in cyber space.

Violencia de género expandida: vigilancia y privacidad en red

En este trabajo exponemos una reflexión que enlaza la violencia de género en entornos digitales, la vigilancia masiva, las discusiones sobre la privacidad y el derecho a la intimidad en internet. Analizamos cómo internet puede ser escenario de dos tipos de violencias: una, localizada en el plano de las interacciones (doxing, acoso, extorsión y amenazas, robo de identidad, alteración y publicación de fotos y videos sin consentimiento, entre otras). La otra, más invisible, está implícitaen la arquitectura de la red, pues al propiciar un sistemático y gigantesco sistema de rastreo y análisis de datos personales para alimentar el modelo de negocios de internet, se ha instaurado un potencial sistema de vigilancia que puede afectar los derechos de las mujeres, vía rastros digitales. Para sostener esto examinaremos las diversas nociones de vigilancia y privacidad (Bruno, 2013; Siri, 2015; Sparrow, 2014) y la legislación vigente, en función de comprender cómo afectan los derechos humanos de las mujeres en el ciberespacio. Palabras clave: violencia de género, vigilancia y privacidad, internet.

Ciberativismo, empoderamento feminino e novas dinâmicas de enfrentamento à violência de gênero contra à mulher

Este estudo problematiza, a partir de uma perspectiva feminista, processos de resistência à violência contra às mulheres a partir de lutas sociais protagonizadas no ciberespaço. Assim, tem-se como objetivo geral identificar as perspectivas acerca dos processos de resistência à violência contra à mulher em espaços de ciberativismo. A metodologia utilizada na referida pesquisa se deu através do método dialético, a partir de abordagem qualitativa. O tipo de pesquisa utilizado fora o bibliográfico e a técnica de coleta de dados deu-se a partir de uma abordagem etnográfica em ambiente virtual, a qual propiciou apreciação dos dados através da análise de conteúdo, tendo-se imagens-posts/excertos colhidos em comunidades virtuais sitiadas no Facebook enquanto lócus. Os resultados alcançados permitem inferir que as mulheres têm elegido ambientes virtuais enquanto instrumentos à defesa de direitos e debates em torno de questões feminis. Ainda, que este espaço tem sido resignificado a noção hegemônica de cidadania, especialmente a partir do discurso e protagonismo de movimentos feministas na luta pelos direitos das mulheres. Em suma, a análise das práticas eleitas permite-nos apontar que os obstáculos vivenciados cotidianamente por mulheres no exercício de seus direitos têm sido redimensionados a partir do ciberespaço. Constata-se que a resistência a práticas violetas e opressoras na internet tem contribuído no empoderamento feminino e na propagação da resistência a posturas sexistas.

Seeing through the fog: Digital problems and solutions for studying ancient women

In spite of the proliferation of online resources dedicated to the study of the ancient world, there is nonetheless room for the improvement and expansion of methodology and content. This paper identifies two predominant problems in the realm of digital classics: the perpetuation of traditional methods of presenting research rather than the promotion of technology-driven analysis, and the virtual invisibility of ancient women in cyberspace. Arguing that there is a gender imbalance in Web-based resources for antiquity, two solutions are proposed beginning with the addition of more material regarding ancient women to existing platforms in the interest of equalization. Using an analogous project from McGill University as inspiration, an approach that combines ancient data with GIS analysis is proposed in order to make room for technology-driven research while beginning to mitigate the invisibility of women in the ancient world and on the Web.

Legal snarls for women in cyberspace

Many Internet researchers state that computer networks provide an egalitarian forum where users are not labeled by gender, race, age, national origin or disability. This assertion ignores the experiences of many women using electronic communication systems. Focusses on several legal issues of special relevance to women, including pornography and hate speech, stalking and sexual harassment, and exclusionary practices. Suggests that the conceptual models used in this research and Internet work may help to determine future legal practices.