Images Of Women Research Articles

Book Review: Provocateur: Images of Women and Minorities in Advertising, 4th ed.

Book Review: <i>Provocateur: Images of Women and Minorities in Advertising</i>, 4th ed.

Gendered Politics of Alienation and Power Restoration: Arab Revolutions and Women's Sentiments of Loss and Despair

From the start of the Arab revolutions in late 2010, a connection between the law, state, political economy, gender norms and orientalist ideology has formed the foundation of women's systematic exclusion from politics. By unmasking processes in Egypt that have created the ideological and material conditions of externalising women's revolutionary acts, estranging their political involvement, and exposing them to various forms of violence, this article offers a gendered political reading of the concept of alienation. The article suggests that gender-normative ideology's characterisation of women's images, roles and acts during and after revolutions, corresponds to the most profound form of alienation. The article identifies the externalisation and subjugation of women, and objectification of their revolutionary acts as modes of alienation. Moreover, it proposes that the implementing of these modes of alienation are necessary for creating conditions that allow for the reconfiguration of power dynamics that restore the authoritarian power of the state. This discussion suggests that the sphere of politics not only relates to political activism and conflict between revolutions and counterrevolutions, but that it is also a battlefield for the (re)production of gender-normative knowledge.

Imaging of the Endometrium: Physiologic Changes and Diseases: Women's Imaging.

The normal endometrium has a wide spectrum of appearances according to the patient’s age and phase of menstruation; understanding this variability is essential in differentiating normal entities from pathologic processes that may require further workup.

The Image of Women in the Books of National and Civic Education of Basic Stage in Jordan

The Image of Women in the Books of National and Civic Education of Basic Stage in Jordan

Role of Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Women With Suspected Ischemia But No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

ObjectiveSigns and symptoms of ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is often a diagnostic dilemma in women. The use of stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) for advanced diagnostic assessment in these patients is a nonionizing radiation option, but the diagnostic utility in this population is unknown. We examined the diagnostic role of stress CMRI in our patient population of these women. MethodsWe analyzed 113 consecutive female patients from February 2006 to November 2007 who had prior cardiac evaluations for signs and symptoms of ischemia but no obstructive CAD who underwent stress CMRI, which included anatomic, functional, adenosine stress perfusion, and delayed enhancement imaging. ResultsThe population demographics of 113 women included a mean age of 55 ± 12.2 years with an average body mass index of 25 ± 4.5. Overall, 43% had hypertension, 4% had diabetes, and 3% were smokers. Overall, 80 of 113 (70%) demonstrated abnormal stress CMRI results. Most patients demonstrated findings consistent with subendocardial perfusion abnormalities suggestive of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Of note, three patients (4%) were diagnosed with congenital coronary anomalies or cardiomyopathy not detected in prior cardiac evaluations. ConclusionAmong women with signs and symptoms of ischemia but no obstructive CAD, stress CMRI is frequently abnormal and valuable in diagnosis of CMD. Stress CMRI appears useful for advanced diagnostic assessment in these diagnostically challenged patients.

『日本霊異記』の〈女性〉観 : 説話の表現をいかに読むか( 変容する読書論・読者論)

『日本霊異記』の〈女性〉観 : 説話の表現をいかに読むか( 変容する読書論・読者論)

Women Image in “Miss Jinjing Belanja Sampai Mati” Book

Book of “Miss Jinjing Belanja Sampai Mati” or “Miss Carry Shops to Dies” explains about lifestyle, shopping world and woman leading to the emergence of Miss Jinjing’s icon for the spirit of shopaholic or shopping lovers. This research aims to reveal how Miss Jinjing Belanja Sampai Mati’s text book presents and reflects women image using of simulation imaginary model of Jean Baudrillard, and how the media is used as a means of capitalism legitimacy. This research uses a qualitative method. The research output concludes that women are as consumptive figures, connoisseur, and shopping lover. By having seen on simulation imaginary model of Jean Baudrillard, the form of image starts from representation, ideology, and simulation phases reflected in Miss Jinjing’s text book; while the simulacra leading to hyperreality happens when the readers are brought into text persuasion. Media’s work in forming the image of consumptive women, shopping lovers and shopaholic is a reflection of capitalism identity. Media presents an excessive reality in its writing on lifestyle and shopping world for women to control and dominate so that women are able to be voluntary and even do in many ways to achieve hyperreality formed by capitalism system. Woman image established in this case, is no longer another thing than as commodity which is expected to be sold out to advertisers.

The Image of Women in Selected Novels by Theodore Dreiser: Darwinist and Feminist Approaches

The Image of Women in Selected Novels by Theodore Dreiser: Darwinist and Feminist Approaches

Breast Cancer Screening With Mammography Plus Ultrasonography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Women 50 Years or Younger at Diagnosis and Treated With Breast Conservation Therapy

Younger women (aged ≤50 years) who underwent breast conservation therapy may benefit from breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening as an adjunct to mammography. To prospectively determine the cancer yield and tumor characteristics of combined mammography with MRI or ultrasonography screening in women who underwent breast conservation therapy for breast cancers and who were 50 years or younger at initial diagnosis. This multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized study was conducted from December 1, 2010, to January 31, 2016, at 6 academic institutions. Seven hundred fifty-four women who were 50 years or younger at initial diagnosis and who had undergone breast conservation therapy for breast cancer were recruited to participate in the study. Reference standard was defined as a combination of pathology and 12-month follow-up. Participants underwent 3 annual MRI screenings of the conserved and contralateral breasts in addition to mammography and ultrasonography, with independent readings. Cancer detection rate, sensitivity, specificity, interval cancer rate, and characteristics of detected cancers. A total of 754 women underwent 2065 mammograms, ultrasonography, and MRI screenings. Seventeen cancers were diagnosed, and most of the detected cancers (13 of 17 [76%]) were stage 0 or stage 1. Overall cancer detection rate (8.2 vs 4.4 per 1000; P = .003) or sensitivity (100% vs 53%; P = .01) of mammography with MRI was higher than that of mammography alone. After the addition of ultrasonography, the cancer detection rate was higher than that by mammography alone (6.8 vs 4.4 per 1000; P = .03). The specificity of mammography with MRI or ultrasonography was lower than that by mammography alone (87% or 88% vs 96%; P < .001). No interval cancer was found. After breast conservation therapy in women 50 years or younger, the addition of MRI to annual mammography screening improves detection of early-stage but biologically aggressive breast cancers at acceptable specificity. Results from this study can inform patient decision making on screening methods after breast conservation therapy.

The Body Image of Women at a Homeless Service Center: An Analysis of an Underrepresented, Diverse Group

The primary objective of this research was to explore the unique body image concerns of women receiving services at a day center for individuals experiencing homeless, an understudied population in body image research. The study also explored a number of factors relevant to homelessness that could relate to body image, including access to hygiene products or facilities, inconsistent access to food, sexual victimization, and self-esteem. A sample of 60 women from a nonprofit homeless service center in Boston, MA, were administered a written questionnaire. Results indicated that participants had moderately high body esteem on average across all three subscales of the Body Esteem Scale, and body esteem was positively correlated with self-esteem. A multiple regression analysis revealed that 54% of the variance in body esteem was explained by self-esteem, access to hygiene products, inconsistent access to food, and sexual victimization, as well as race, age, and BMI as covariates. Importantly, both self-esteem and access to hygiene products were significant predictors of body esteem, such that women with higher self-esteem and more access to hygiene products reported higher levels of body esteem. Because this is the first study to examine body image among women who have experienced homelessness, these results may influence the direction of future research on this diverse, underrepresented group of women, as well as inform the work of shelters and other organizations that provide services and resources to women affected by homelessness.

Institutionalized Images of Womanhood under the Orde Baru in Indonesia

Institutionalized Images of Womanhood under the Orde Baru in Indonesia

Bodies of Color: Images of Women in the Works of Firelei Báez and Rachelle Mozman

This essay explores the photographic and film work of New York–born artist Rachelle Mozman (of Panamanian heritage) and the paintings and drawings of Dominican-born artist Firelei Baez. Both artists make use of the form, the image, the representation, and the reading of the female body. Through their imagery, the body serves as a sign for presence and invisibility, for fearlessness and fragility. The permanence of the body’s surface becomes a kind of visible text that both artists develop through their narratives. By examining specific series of works by each artists, one sees similarities in their ways of working and defining the female body and in their ways of using historical and contemporary references in the narratives in which they place these gendered bodies.

Gender and Consumption in Porfirian Mexico: Images of Women in Advertising, El Imparcial , 1897–1910

Gender and Consumption in Porfirian Mexico: Images of Women in Advertising, El Imparcial , 1897–1910

The Image of Women in Late Victorian Times: The Case of “The Mandrake Venus”, “A White Night” and “The City of Blood”

The Image of Women in Late Victorian Times: The Case of “The Mandrake Venus”, “A White Night” and “The City of Blood”

An analytical and comparative study of male and female images in Qajar dynasty paintings during the reign of Fath-Ali Shah (1797–1834)

ABSTRACTQajar dynasty painting began in the reign of Fath-Ali Shah (1797–1834) and ended with the death of Naser al-Din Shah (1831–1896). In this period, art was influenced by the government; new rules assigned to art as to sociopolitical conditions and figurative paintings were exploited as a tool in governing the country. In the paintings ascribed to Fath-Ali Shah's period, women also appear alongside the images of men who were principally historical, political and religious key figures of their own time. The significant status of women was the most important factor in this. These images were not merely limited to eminent characters as musicians, dancers, servants, acrobats images were drawn as delicately and magnificently as male images and even enjoyed better radiance, vivacity, pep, variety and tonality than them. Male images were elegantly drawn in formal costumes, often with the same composition. The similarities and differences of male and female images in Qajar paintings can be assessed according to the criteria of composition, colour, positioning, and the number of figures, assimilation, the intricacies and the degree of characterization. This study also stresses the characteristics of men's and women's images in the paintings.

Women’s Spirituality in Gynecologic-Oncology: A Paradigm Shift from Purity to Womanhood

While women have traditionally been given an image of womanhood, purity, and even motherhood it is important for the spiritual care provider to help women in uncovering their own spiritual lives; especially within the care and treatment of gynecologic-oncology.

Intracranial translucency assessment at first trimester nuchal translucency ultrasound.

The antenatal diagnosis of open spina bifida (OSB), a neural tube defect, is predominantly made at the second trimester morphology scan by ultrasound detection of structural abnormalities resulting from the associated Chiari II malformation. Evidence has emerged suggesting that these structural abnormalities can be detected earlier, by examination of the posterior fossa as part of the first trimester nuchal translucency scan. In particular, absence of the intra-cranial translucency (IT) of the fourth ventricle has shown promise as a diagnostic marker of OSB, although the sensitivity and specificity of this finding varies widely in the literature. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of obtaining the image of the IT at our institution as part of the routine first trimester scan. This is a prospective study of 900 obstetric patients who presented to a tertiary women's imaging centre for routine first trimester nuchal translucency screening ultrasound for the year 2014. Their risk status was that of the general population (low risk) prior to presentation. A total of 158 patients were excluded, leaving a study group of 742. Sonographers obtained a mid-sagittal view of the fetal face with particular focus on optimum viewing of the IT. All images were examined by a Radiology Registrar for presence or absence of IT. Duration of each scan was documented. The IT image was successfully acquired in 94.9% of scans. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and fetal lie were shown to have a statistically significant effect on success of acquisition of the IT image. No cases of OSB were diagnosed during the study. Scan times were not lengthened by the addition of the image. We consider that acquisition of an image of the IT as part of the routine first trimester nuchal translucency scan is feasible, without lengthening appointment times.

Preoperative MR Imaging in Women with Breast Cancer Detected at Screening US.

Purpose To determine additional cancer yield of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in women with breast cancer detected at screening ultrasonography (US) and to identify a subgroup of women who are likely to benefit from preoperative MR imaging. Materials and Methods This study was approved by the institutional review board, and the requirement for informed consent was waived. A retrospective review of 374 women (median age, 48 years; age range, 30-74 years) with breast cancer detected at screening US (invasive, n = 321) who underwent preoperative breast MR imaging between 2007 and 2013 was performed. Cancer yield and positive predictive value of biopsy were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify clinical-pathologic features associated with additional cancer detected at MR imaging. Results Of 374 women, 21 (5.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.5%, 8.5%) were diagnosed with additional cancer (positive predictive value of biopsy, 42.0% [21 of 50 women]; 95% CI: 28%, 57%). Index invasive lobular cancer (ILC) histologic type was significantly associated with additional cancer detected at MR imaging (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 13.6; P = .03). In women with index invasive cancer, premenopausal status (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% CI: 1.2, 35.8; P = .03) and lobular histologic type (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% CI: 1.1, 12.3; P = .03) were factors associated with additional cancer detected at MR imaging. Conclusion Preoperative MR imaging helped to detect additional sites of cancer in 5.6% of women with breast cancer detected at screening US. Women with index ILC and premenopausal women are more likely to benefit from preoperative MR imaging. © RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Takeaways from Pre-Contrast T1 and T2 Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Women with Recently Diagnosed Breast Cancer.

BackgroundDynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE - MRI) has been widely used in the management of breast cancer, and its diagnostic value in breast imaging has been demonstrated. There have only been a few reports regarding the usefulness of pre-contrast imaging. Knowledge about clinically significant findings of preoperative, pre-contrast T1 and T2 MR images will allow more accurate decisions regarding patient treatment and management.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinically significant findings of preoperative, pre-contrast T1 and T2 MR images in recently diagnosed breast cancer patients.Patients and MethodsWe analyzed 390 preoperative 3-T MRIs of recently diagnosed breast cancer patients in whom the diagnosis was confirmed by a core needle biopsy.ResultsMRI findings that were correlated with post-core needle-biopsy changes were observed in 27.9% of the pre-contrast T1 and T2 MRIs (n = 109/390). Two of 35 cases that had a subareolar ductal high signal area on the pre-contrast T1 were confirmed by surgery as having nipple-areolar complex involvement.ConclusionA subareolar ductal high signal area on a pre-contrast T1 MRI must be carefully assessed in combination with dynamic, contrast-enhanced images for proper surgical management.

Toward a social critical, analytical prism in art therapy: The example of marginalized Bedouin women's images

This paper outlines a typology of visual analytical prisms based on social critical theories. Four compositional art analysis paradigms are presented. These include (a) two descriptive analytical prism-compositional analyses of spatial division for resources in the system, (b) compositional analyses of the reciprocal relationship between figure and background, or micro and macro levels of experience, and two transformative analytical prisms, (c) using compositional mechanisms as a way to self-define content for marginalized and silenced groups, and (d) using visual language to shift static social stands and negotiate multiple perspectives. Each of these analytical prisms is explained and illustrated using images created by Bedouin women in Israel, who are an Indigenous group experiencing marginalization. Implications for including a typology and methodology for using social theories to analyze art in art therapy are discussed.