Women Applicants Research Articles

Retinal Vascular Imaging Application in Women’s Reproductive Health: Clinical Implications and Future Directions

Abstract Over the past two decades, population-based studies employing semiautomatic computer-assisted programs have uncovered associations between retinal microvascular features and various systemic conditions. As the recognition of retinal imaging in cardiometabolic health grows, there is increasing evidence supporting its application in women’s health, particularly during the reproductive age. This review aims to summarize the indications of retinal imaging in women’s health and intergenerational health, where suboptimal retinal imaging has been found to mirror pathological systemic changes, such as suboptimal hemodynamic circulation, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hypoxia in vivo. Findings from Singapore Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes and Singapore Preconception Study of Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes cohorts have reported serial changes in retinal conventional microvascular features (e.g., retinal arteriolar narrowing, retinal venular widening) and retinal geometric microvascular features (e.g., sparse fractal dimension, enlarged branching angle, and increased curvature tortuosity) during the preconception and antenatal phases. These morphological abnormalities were found to be related to female fertility, maternal antenatal health conditions, postnatal maternal cardiometabolic health, and intergenerational health in the fetus. Given the compelling evidence of the ability to detect microvascular changes through noninvasive methods at an early stage, retinal imaging holds the potential to facilitate timely interventions, mitigate the progression of complications, and prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Looking ahead, the convergence of artificial intelligence and advanced imaging techniques heralds a promising era in women’s health research and clinical practice.

Vasodilatory Peripheral Response and Pain Levels following Radiofrequency Stressor Application in Women with Fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome of unknown pathogenesis that presents, among other symptoms, chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain. This study aims to analyze the effects of radiofrequency on core body temperature and the peripheral temperature of the dorsal surfaces and palms of the hands and its association with pain levels in patients with FM. A case-control observational study was conducted with a total of twenty-nine women diagnosed with FM and seventeen healthy women. Capacitive monopolar radiofrequency was applied to the palms of the hands using the Biotronic Advance Develops device. Peripheral hand temperature was analyzed using a thermographic camera, and core body temperature was analyzed with an infrared scanner. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and electrical pain were recorded with an algometer and a Pain Matcher device, respectively. A significant decrease was observed in women with FM in pain electrical threshold (95% CI [0.01-3.56], p = 0.049), electrical pain (95% CI [2.87-10.43], p = 0.002), dominant supraspinatus PPT (95% CI [0.04-0.52], p = 0.023), non-dominant supraspinatus PPT (95% CI [0.03-0.60], p = 0.029), and non-dominant tibial PPT (95% CI [0.05-0.89], p = 0.031). Women with FM have increased hypersensitivity to pain as well as increased peripheral temperature after exposure to a thermal stimulus, such as radiofrequency, which could indicate disorders of their neurovascular response.

Application of Women’s Representation As Election Supervisors in the Election Supervisory Board in the Indonesian Election Law

This study analyses the application of women's representation as election supervisors and election supervisors who are part of election organizers other than the General Elections Commission. The Election Supervisory Board (Bawaslu) is an election organizer with the authority and responsibility to oversee the process of election stages and election participants. This study uses a qualitative approach by using secondary data from the Bawaslu Decree of the Republic of Indonesia and primary data from the regulation of Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning general elections, journals, internet and social media from Bawaslu agencies, both from Bawaslu RI, Province, and Bawaslu Regency/City. Then, conclude using descriptive analysis techniques. The results of this study show that the implementation of women's representation in the election supervisory institution, namely Bawaslu, does not meet the women's representation requirement of 30%. Even in some districts/cities, women are not represented as election supervisors. Article 92 Paragraph 11, as a legal basis regarding women's representation in Bawaslu, is not fully implemented. Regulations are not only used as an obligation abort as a condition for women's entry into politics that have been given places and rules. In addition, implementation and supervision in the field are needed. There needs to be integrity and transparency from the selected selection team with no political content that benefits one candidate. However, due diligence and appropriateness are in the realm of Bawaslu of the Republic of Indonesia.

Research on the Application of Women's Book Symbols in Cultural and Creative Products Based on the Perspective of Cultural Experience

Women's calligraphy, a long-standing Chinese character variant font, has long been loved and cherished for its unique beauty and profound cultural connotations. However, how to combine this traditional culture with modern cultural and creative product design, so that it can be more widely used in modern life, becomes the issue to be explored. Through practice, retaining the original characteristics of the Women's Calligraphy symbol while giving modern design elements, a new cultural and artistic experience can be created.

Gender differences in cardiothoracic surgery letters of recommendation

ObjectiveTo investigate whether or not gender influences letters of recommendation for cardiothoracic surgery fellowship. MethodsFrom applications to an Accreditation Council Graduate Medical Education cardiothoracic surgery fellowship program between 2016 and 2021, applicant and author characteristics were examined with descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and Pearson χ2 tests. Linguistic software was used to assess communication differences in letters of recommendation, stratified by author and applicant gender. An additional higher-level analysis was then performed using a generalized estimating equations model to examine linguistic differences among author-applicant gender pairs. ResultsSeven hundred thirty-nine recommendation letters extracted from 196 individual applications were analyzed; 90% (n = 665) of authors were men and 55.8% (n = 412) of authors were cardiothoracic surgeons. Compared with women authors, authors who are men wrote more authentic (P = .01) and informal (P = .03) recommendation letters. When writing for women applicants, authors who are men were more likely to display their own leadership and status (P = .03) and discuss women applicants' social affiliations (P = .01), like occupation of applicant's father or husband. Women authors wrote longer letters (P = .03) and discussed applicants' work (P = .01) more often than authors who are men. They also mentioned leisure activities (P = .03) more often when writing for women applicants. ConclusionsOur work identifies gender-specific differences in letters of recommendation. Women applicants may be disadvantaged because their recommendation letters are significantly more likely to focus on their social ties, leisure activities, and the status of the letter writer. Author and reviewer awareness of gender-biased use of language will aid in improvements to the candidate selection process.

Retracted: Wearable Devices and Intelligent Application in Women's Postpartum Repair for Smart Healthcare.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4454926.].

Money Matters: Anticipated Expense of In-Person Obstetrics and Gynecology Fellowship Interviews Has Greater Impact for Underrepresented in Medicine and Women Applicants.

Background:Much of the expense of pursuing subspecialty training in obstetrics and gynecology (ObGyn) is due to in-person fellowship interviews. Although interviews were converted to a virtual platform for the 2020 fellowship interview season in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, candidates anticipated in-person interview expenses at the time of their application. It is unknown whether financial considerations influenced candidates' decision to pursue fellowship training. This study aimed to evaluate the financial impact of anticipated in-person fellowship interviews among applicants of ObGyn subspecialties.Materials and Methods:This was a planned secondary analysis of a survey administered during the 2020 interview season to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual ObGyn fellowship subspecialty interviews in creating a rank list. Information was obtained about anticipated and actual interview costs, the need for securing additional funding and whether financial considerations influenced the decision to apply for fellowship.Results:In total, 158 participants enrolled in the 2020 National Resident Matching Program for ObGyn fellowship programs (48%) completed the web-based survey. Women and Black fellowship applicants were more likely than men (p = 0.044) and White applicants (p = 0.014) to endorse a need to secure additional funding for in-person fellowship interviews. In addition, Hispanic and Black applicants were more likely than White applicants to report that the financial impact of fellowship interviews influenced the decision to apply “somewhat” or “to a great extent” (p = 0.025 and p < 0.001, respectively).Conclusions:The costs of applying to ObGyn fellowship programs may disproportionately affect women and underrepresented in medicine applicants. By reducing a financial barrier, virtual interviews may help promote greater gender and racial and ethnic diversity in ObGyn subspecialty pursuit.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and its Application in Women Living under a Situation of Intimate Partner Violence

The objective of the study was to describe whether Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was effective for the care of women living in a situation of intimate partner violence. A search was made in virtual libraries: Google Scholar, Redalyc, Scielo, Dialnet. The inclusion criteria focused on research on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) addressing victims of intimate partner violence in the last ten years. Protocols and interventions on women who experience intimate partner violence and men who generate it, treated from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in conjunction with other models such as Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Behavioral Activation (BA) and Functional Analytical Psychotherapy (FAP) were found. It was concluded that although there is little evidence of the results, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of postraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety.

Text Mining for Bias: A Recommendation Letter Experiment

This article uses computational text analysis to study the form and content of more than 3000 recommendation letters submitted on behalf of applicants to a major U.S. anesthesiology residency program. The article finds small differences in form and larger differences in content. Women applicants' letters were more likely to contain references to acts of service, for example, whereas men were more likely to be described in terms of their professionalism and technical skills. Some differences persisted when controlling for standardized aptitude test scores, on which women and men scored equally on average, and other applicant and letter‐writer characteristics. Even when all explicit gender‐identifying language was stripped from the letters, a machine learning algorithm was able to predict applicant gender at a rate better than chance. Gender stereotyped language in recommendation letters may infect the entirety of an employer's hiring or selection process, implicating Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Not all gendered language differences were large, however, suggesting that small changes may remedy the problem. The article closes by proposing a computationally driven system that may help employers identify and eradicate bias, while also prompting a rethinking of our gendered, racialized, ableist, ageist, and otherwise stereotyped occupational archetypes.

Examination of Intersectionality and the Pipeline for Black Academic Surgeons

The lack of underrepresented in medicine physicians within US academic surgery continues, with Black surgeons representing a disproportionately low number. To evaluate the trend of general surgery residency application, matriculation, and graduation rates for Black trainees compared with their racial and ethnic counterparts over time. In this nationwide multicenter study, data from the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) for the general surgery residency match and Graduate Medical Education (GME) surveys of graduating general surgery residents were retrospectively reviewed and stratified by race, ethnicity, and sex. Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, time series plots, and simple linear regression for the rate of change over time. Medical students and general surgery residency trainees of Asian, Black, Hispanic or Latino of Spanish origin, White, and other races were included. Data for non-US citizens or nonpermanent residents were excluded. Data were collected from 2005 to 2018, and data were analyzed in March 2021. Primary outcomes included the rates of application, matriculation, and graduation from general surgery residency programs. Over the study period, there were 71 687 applicants, 26 237 first-year matriculants, and 24 893 graduates. Of 71 687 applicants, 24 618 (34.3%) were women, 16 602 (23.2%) were Asian, 5968 (8.3%) were Black, 2455 (3.4%) were Latino, and 31 197 (43.5%) were White. Women applicants and graduates increased from 29.4% (1178 of 4003) to 37.1% (2293 of 6181) and 23.5% (463 of 1967) to 33.5% (719 of 2147), respectively. When stratified by race and ethnicity, applications from Black women increased from 2.2% (87 of 4003) to 3.5% (215 of 6181) (P < .001) while applications from Black men remained unchanged (3.7% [150 of 4003] to 4.6% [284 of 6181]). While the matriculation rate for Black women remained unchanged (2.4% [46 of 1919] to 2.3% [52 of 2264]), the matriculation rate for Black men significantly decreased (3.0% [57 of 1919] to 2.4% [54 of 2264]; P = .04). Among Black graduates, there was a significant decline in graduation for men (4.3% [85 of 1967] to 2.7% [57 of 2147]; P = .03) with the rate among women remaining unchanged (1.7% [33 of 1967] to 2.2% [47 of 2147]). Findings of this study show that the underrepresentation of Black physicians at every stage in surgical training pipeline persists. Black men are especially affected. Identifying factors that address intersectionality and contribute to the successful recruitment and retention of Black trainees in general surgery residency is critical for achieving racial and ethnic as well as gender equity.

Wearable Devices and Intelligent Application in Women's Postpartum Repair for Smart Healthcare.

Wearable devices are more and more widely used in the field of smart healthcare. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of contraceptive counseling and education on contraceptive behavior of women after induced abortion. The investigators will explain the situation of this topic to the respondents and select the respondents in strict accordance with the framework requirements of sampling design. All the data are from the induced abortion women in the first-, second-, and third-level hospitals, which reduces the selection bias of the respondents. It is found that the proportion of induced abortion among college students is the highest, reaching 66.03%. This study is helpful to reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancy, induced abortion, and repeated abortion and improve the reproductive health of women.

Finite Element Analysis on Contact Pressure and 3D Breast Deformation for Application in Women’s Bras

Finite Element Analysis on Contact Pressure and 3D Breast Deformation for Application in Women’s Bras

Body Composition Rate Results after Acupuncture and Diet Applications in Women with Obesity Patients

Obesity is a disease defined by excessive fat storage in the body. It is an energy balance problem; the increase in body fat is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Method/participants: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 in xxx University’s GETAT Center). Patients aged between 18–65 years with a BMI &gt; 25 were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Pregnant women, breastfeeding patients , susceptible demographics (acute coronary insufficiency, immunodeficiency, severe psychotic disorder, liver and kidney failure), and those who could not give consent were not included in the study. Weight, BMI, and metabolic age values were measured with a Tanita device; the same diagnostic device was used for all patients. Both body and ear acupuncture were performed. Results: A t-test was applied to pre- and post-acupuncture measurement values. After acupuncture, the waist circumference of the participants decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.005). The BMI of the participants also decreased significantly after acupuncture (p &lt; 0.005).

The Effect of Non-hormonal Gel Application in Women in the Menacme With Sexual Dysfunction

The Effect of Non-hormonal Gel Application in Women in the Menacme With Sexual Dysfunction

تطبيق الريفيات للتوصيات الإرشادية الخاصة بتربية ورعاية ماشية اللبن بمحافظة كفر الشيخ

استهدف هذا البحث بصفة رئيسية دراسة تطبيق الريفيات للتوصيات الإرشادية الخاصة بتربية ورعاية ماشية اللبن بمحافظة كفر الشيخ، وبلغ حجم العينة 346 مبحوثة تم اختيارهن من ثلاثة قرى في ثلاث مراكز بطريقة عشوائية بسيطة كمعيار موحد للاختيار، وكانت القرى المختارة هى: قرية جماجمون مركز دسوق، وقرية منية مسير مركز كفر الشيخ، وقرية الكفر البحري مركز قلين، وكانت أهم النتائج هي: أن مستوى تنفيذ المبحوثات الريفيات للتوصيات الفنية الخاصة بكل من تغذية ماشية اللبن، والتوصيات الفنية الخاصة بالإعداد للحلابة وإنتاج اللبن كان متوسطاً، على حين كان مستوى تنفيذهن للتوصيات الفنية الخاصة بالرعاية الصحية لماشية اللبن مرتفعا. واتضح أن أهم أسباب عدم تنفيذ المبحوثات الريفيات للتوصيات الفنية الخاصة برعاية ماشية اللبن في المجالات الثلاثة المدروسة تكمن في: إما ارتفاع أسعار الأعلاف أو مستلزمات التربية، وإما لأن المبحوثات الريفيات لديهن معلومات مغلوطة وخاطئة، وإما لأن المعلومة الصحيحة لا تتوافر لديهن من الأصل. وتبين أن أكثر مصادر المعلومات التي اعتمدت عليها المبحوثات الريفيات في الحصول على المعلومات الخاصة برعاية ماشية اللبن هي: خبراتهن الشخصية، والطبيب البيطري، والأم أو الحماه، والزوج.

LEVEL OF APPLICATION OF RURAL WOMEN FOR SCIENTIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE FIELD OF DAIRY MANUFACTURE IN DISTRICT OF SHARKAT - SALAH ADDIN GOVERNORATE

The study focused mainly on assessing the level of rural women's application of scientific recommendations in the field of dairy manufacture in Al-Sharqat district/ Salah El-Deen governorate in general, As well as on estimating the level of application of rural women in each of the fields. The study also aimed to determine the correlation between the level of application. of rural women to scientific recommendations in the field of dairy manufacturing with number of personal, social and communicative characteristics of female researchers. The research population included all rural women in dairy manufacture. A randomize multi-stage sample was chosen representing (50%) of the research population. the number of respondents was 150. The research data were collected by using a questionnaire specifically designed to determine the level of application: The first part included personal. social. communication and economic characteristics. while the second included scale to measure the level of application of rural women in the field of dairy manufacture. The results showed that the highest percentage of respondents was 46% of the respondents in the middle category application level followed by the high category of application level by 44%. Therefore, the level of application of rural women in Al-Sharqat district to the scientific recommendations in the fields of dairy manufacture can be described as average In general. The results also showed a significant correlation with the variables of age, social status, number of years of experience, purpose of manufacturing. and sources of information.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ACADEMIC MEDICAL SOCIETY FELLOWSHIPS

SESSION TITLE: Cultural Diversity SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/10/2018 01:00 pm - 02:00 pm PURPOSE: Medicine has historically been a field dominated by men, particularly for physicians. Women in medical professions face a number of unique obstacles, such as societal biases, stereotyping, and an unequal division of household labor that make the field of medicine unwelcoming to females. These challenges are barriers to academic advancement, and may contribute to the difficulties in academic advancement within medical societies. As the medical field workforce continues to equalize, analyzing current structures is a crucial step in identifying gaps in leadership opportunities. There is little data describing the relationship between gender and professional characteristics among Medical Society Fellows. Our goal is to describe the relationships between gender and academic advancement as defined by membership in a Medical Society Fellowship. METHODS: We compared shared data regarding demographics and certain professional characteristics of current CHEST Fellows, as well as the gender of the 2017 applicants to Fellow of the American College of CHEST Physicians (ACCP) and the gender of corresponding letter of recommendation authors. RESULTS: In 2017, 13% of the Fellows of the College of CHEST Physicians were women (n=1469 of 10,910). Within the cohort of CHEST Fellows, there were significant differences in gender by specialty; Pediatrics had the most women (23%), while there were significantly less women in Internal Medicine (14%), Allergy & Immunology (7%), Surgery (7%), Anesthesiology (5%), and Thoracic Surgery (4%). There were no differences in gender between United State and non-United States based fellows. In the cohort of applicants to Fellow in 2017, 20% were women. When examining the letters of recommendation, 75% of the sets of letters of recommendation were both from men, while only 3% were both from women, and 23% had one of each gender. Women applicants had at least one letter from another woman 38% of the time, while men had a letter from at least one women 21% of the time, although this was not statistically significant (OR 2.26; 95% CI 0.81-6.28). Male applicants had two letters from men 79% of the time, compared to 62% of women having both letters from men. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of female Fellows within the CHEST organization (13%) is low and below the national average of women physicians (30%) and pulmonary & critical care physicians (18-33%). However, there is a higher proportion of women in the 2017 applicants to Fellow of ACCP. Both applicant genders were more likely to receive letters of recommendations from male physicians. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This data can be used to bring more awareness to the struggles of finding mentors and sponsors for female physicians. It also highlights a possible opportunity to cultivate change by encouraging women to mentor other women in academic medicine. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Christopher Carroll, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Roozehra Khan, source=Web Response

‘Unless you are collaborating with a big name successful professor, you are unlikely to receive funding’

Women consistently remain underrepresented in senior academic roles within the academy worldwide. Academics increasingly require research funding to conduct research, leading to publications, both of which can then be used for promotion applications. This article explores fourteen academic women's experiences of the research funding process in New Zealand, to provide insights into one aspect of why this inequity continues. The findings identify institutional, personal, and funding issues that impact on women's application behaviour. Addressing these may assist in developing women's careers as academics and provides us with a more in-depth understanding of the issues than have previously been gleamed from large quantitative studies.

Should Women Applicants “Man Up” for Traditionally Masculine Fields? Effectiveness of Two Verbal Identity Management Strategies

Due to gender-based bias, women can be at a disadvantage when trying to enter into traditionally masculine fields (e.g., engineering) or job positions (e.g., top management). The present study examined the effectiveness of two verbal gender presentation strategies that women might be able to use to improve their evaluations in traditionally masculine hiring contexts: verbalizing agentic traits (describing oneself in terms of stereotypically masculine traits) and gender acknowledgment. In a laboratory study, 674 participants evaluated either a female or a male applicant applying for a traditionally masculine position in a traditionally masculine field (engineering manager). Results showed that verbalizing one’s agentic traits resulted in favorable fit evaluations for the female applicant but not the male applicant. Further, acknowledging one’s gender resulted in negative personal evaluations for both female and male applicants. Our findings suggest that applicants’ decisions concerning how to manage their gender presentation can influence how they are evaluated and that women seeking entry into traditionally masculine occupations may want to describe themselves in agentic terms and avoid acknowledging their gender.

The Application Of Women Towards Food Safety

Objective: This study aims to determine the applications of women towards food safety during purchasing, preparing, cooking, storing foods and factors affecting these implementations. Tools and Method: The study included 300 women, who resided in Ankara, were randomly chosen, were volunteered to join study and were responsible for purchasing and preparing food. The survey used in the study consisted of sections as demographical information, food purchasing, food cooking, vehicle hygiene, and personal hygiene. The frequencies of women in implementing these practices towards women were scored and statistical operations were made according to these scores. Findings: 28.0% of the women participating in the study were high school graduate, and 44.3% of them were university graduate. Their average age was 35.43±11.39 years. The lower the ages of women were, the significantly higher their food purchasing scores (FPRS), food preparing scores (FPS), food storing score (FSS), personal hygiene score (PHS) and total food security score (TFSS) were (p< 0.05). The increase in the income levels of women results in the increase in FPS (p= 0.015) and vehicle hygiene score (VHS) (p= 0.007). Statistically significant difference was found between education levels and FPRS and food cooking score (FCS) (p< 0.005). Result: Educational and income levels of women affect their applications towards food safety. The individuals domestically responsible for food preparing require education to provide hygiene in food preparing, storing, etc. applications. Women should be given trainings about food safety and personal hygiene.