Pelvis In Women Research Articles

Clinical cases of an accessory spleen in the pelvic and pelvic splenosis

The article describes cases of diagnosis of an additional spleen in the pelvis and splenosis of the pelvis in women, detected by ultrasound, confirmed by MRI. The relevance of the publication of the presented observations is determined by the rarity of such localization of the spleen and splenosis in the pelvis and the low awareness of obstetricians and gynecologists, most often conducting ultrasound examination of pelvic organs, about this pathology. Cases of an accessory spleen and splenosis in the abdomen are known and written in the literature, while similar findings in the pelvis are, firstly, a rare find, and secondly, ultrasound examination in gynecology is carried out by obstetricians-gynecologists, who rarely meet with surgical pathology, thirdly, the echographic picture requires differential diagnosis with endometrioma, hemangioma, primary and metastatic cancer, and splenosis and accessory spleen should also be differentiated from each other. The article presents two of our own clinical cases of splenosis and accessory spleen with US and MRI data, discusses the reasons for difficulties in diagnosis and key criteria for differential diagnosis, and also includes a review of the literature on this topic. Based on all of the above, it was concluded that should not forget about such a rare but possible diagnosis as pelvic splenosis, and also remember about a possible congenital condition – accessory spleen.

640 Ambulatory Ultrasound - Could We Be More Efficient? Re-Audit -a District General Hospital Experience

Abstract Aim Right iliac fossa (RIF) pain is a common presentation to General Surgery departments and appendicitis is a possible cause. There are diagnostic challenges in these patients. Over a fifth undergoing appendicectomy have a histologically normal appendix (1). National guidelines recommend performing Ultrasound Scans (USS) in select patients (2). Aim is to review if there is better use of a limited service. Method A retrospective review of all ambulatory USS from June - December 2020 comparing to data from June 2019 - December 2019 for RIF/lower abdominal pain. We collected demographics, working diagnoses, imaging request details and outcomes. Results 109 patients were included. 106 were female and 3 males. Of these, 35 had a working diagnosis of ovarian/ gynaecology pathology, whilst 25 had one of ‘appendicitis vs gynaecological pathology’. The USS was reported as no abnormality detected in 73 patients. 94(86%) had matching working diagnosis to USS request (41% in 1st audit). 22 (20%) had a working diagnosis matched with USS results (13%). In total 101 patients were discharged – there were 5 admissions (3 CT scans + 2 laparoscopic appendicectomies) and 3 referrals onwards to gynaecology. Conclusions We recommend using USS pelvis in women of childbearing age to identify gynaecological causes of RIF pain, more focused requests in order reduce requests of abdominal USS in lower abdominal pain, males should only receive hot clinic scans for biliary concerns, and increased use of CT for females >40 years old.

Clinical assessment of the condition of women of reproductive age with adenomyosis after experiencing COVID-19

Annotation. The relevance of the gynecological disease adenomyosis (N80.0) is beyond doubt, as this pathology is a serious problem today both in medicine and in society. The aim is to study the clinical condition of women of reproductive age with adenomyosis after suffering COVID-19. 150 women of reproductive age were examined after suffering COVID-19 disease, 120 of them with adenomyosis. The results obtained were processed using the methods of mathematical statistics and using the MS Excel XP, Statistica 6.0 software package using Student's parametric test. At the same time, differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. A clinical assessment of the condition of women of reproductive age with adenomyosis after suffering COVID-19 confirmed a significantly more severe course of adenomyosis in the early post-COVID period. After undergoing COVID-19, the frequency of complaints of general malaise, headaches, lethargy, pain in the joints, muscles, and pelvis in women aggravated by adenomyosis significantly increased. The more severe the degree of the disease (I-II, III-IV), the worse was the general condition of the examined patients. The frequency of complaints about general malaise, exacerbation of extragenital diseases (cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary system, anemia, etc.), gynecological pathology, including disorders of menstrual function, volume of menstrual blood loss, pelvic pain syndrome, presence of processes of inflammatory (infectious) etiology increased significantly. Determining the clinical assessment of the condition of women of reproductive age with adenomyosis after suffering COVID-19 is of fundamental practical importance for determining the tactics of managing this cohort of patients with the aim of timely qualified prevention of possible complications. Prospects for further research are aimed at developing and implementing an algorithm for managing women of reproductive age with adenomyosis after suffering COVID-19.

Antiphospholipid antibodies and combined pathology of small pelvis in women with tumors and tumoroid ovary formations, who suffer with infertility, and correction of revealed disorders

It is given in an article the obtained investigation results in studying antiphospholipid antibodies contains and combined pathology of small pelvis organs in 32 women with tumors and timorous ovary formations, who suffered with infertility. Analysis of anamnesis and clinic-laboratorial data, echography, operative laparoscopy and histological investigation is presented.

New technologies of the little invasive treatment of small pelvis abscesses

Comparative results of abscessed keen purulent processes treatment of the small pelvis in women by means of longtime proteolysis with immobilizing ferment imozimaza and sanative processingthe abscess cavity with antiseptic chlorhexidine bigluconate. The advantages of imozimaza use are marked. These kinds of treatment were performed by laparoscopic way; its efficiency was assessed according to trans-draining abscessoscopy.

Angiomyxoma of the pelvis in women. Clinical cases

Aggressive pelvic angiomyxoma belongs to one of the rare types of mesenchymal pelvic tumors found in premenopause patients. Currently, this pathology is mainly treated via surgical intervention. Alternatively, it may also be managed by using radiation or hormone therapy. The final diagnosis is usually established by histological examination of removed tumor, because biopsy analysis during examination may not always provide a high diagnostic value. This tumor type is able to relapse, even after 100 % surgically removed intervention. Immunohistochemistry examination reveals expression of progesterone and estrogen receptors. One of the hormone therapy options with good long-term effect is based on using gonadotropin-releasing hormone drugs. Taking into consideration slow tumor growth and hormonal sensitivity, one of the options for managing disease relapse is patient follow-up, especially in perimenopausal subjects. Single clinical cases have been published related to pelvic angiomyxoma so that it results in introducing individualized management for every certain patient, but unified therapeutic approaches have not been developed yet.

METHODS FOR THE PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE ADHESIONS IN GYNECOLOGY

One of the urgent problems in gynecological and abdominal surgery is the adhesion process in the abdominal cavity and in the small pelvis in women. According to the literature, the frequency of adhesion formation after gynecological operations ranges from 55 to 100%. The main cause of adhesion is trauma to the mesothelial layer of the peritoneum, which is observed in general abdominal and gynecological surgery, inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity and in the small pelvis in women and endometriosis.

Widespread myofascial dysfunction and sensitisation in women with endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain: A cross-sectional study.

Chronic pelvic pain persists in some women with endometriosis even after lesion removal and optimized hormonal treatment. Characterize the presence and distribution of pain, myofascial dysfunction and sensitisation beyond the pelvis in women with endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain. Cross-sectional study of 30 women prior to participation in a clinical trial. Evaluation included pain-focused abdominopelvic gynaecologic examination with the identification of pelvic floor muscle spasm. Neuro-musculoskeletal examination assessed paraspinal allodynia and hyperalgesia bilaterally and myofascial trigger points in 13 paired muscles. Pressure-pain thresholds were measured over interspinous ligaments and trigger points. Women completed the body territories element of the Body Pain Index. All women had a pelvic floor muscle spasm that they self-identified as a major focus of pain. Twenty of 30 women described their pelvic pain as focal. However, all demonstrated widespread myofascial dysfunction with low pressure-pain thresholds and trigger points in over two-thirds of 26 assessed regions. Widespread spinal segmental sensitisation was present in 17/30, thoracic in 21/30 and lumbosacral/pelvic in 18/30. Cervical sensitisation manifested as low pressure-pain thresholds with 23/30 also reporting recurrent, severe headaches and 21/30 experiencing orofacial pain. Those reporting diffuse pelvic pain were more likely to have widespread (p=.024) and lumbosacral/pelvic (p=.036) sensitisation and report over 10 painful body areas (p=.009). Women with endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain often have myofascial dysfunction and sensitisation beyond the pelvic region that may be initiated or maintained by on-going pelvic floor spasm. These myofascial and nervous system manifestations warrant consideration when managing pain in this population. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01553201. Women with endometriosis often have pelvic pain persisting after surgery despite hormonal therapies and these women have regional pelvic sensitisation and myofascial dysfunction. Pelvic floor muscle spasm is a major pain focus in this population. Sensitisation and myofascial dysfunction are widespread, beyond the pelvic region. On-going pelvic floor spasm may initiate or maintain sensitisation. Myofascial/sensitisation manifestations warrant consideration when managing pain in this population.

Electrification according to the method of Dr. Alexandrov in the treatment of gonorrhoea ascendens

Dear Comrades! Taking this opportunity, I will have the honor to bring to your attention the results from my clinical experience regarding the therapeutic significance of one of the types of internal and external electrification according to the method of Dr. Aleksandrov as applied to exudative processes in the small pelvis of women in general and gonorrhoea ascend in particular.

About fluctuations in the size of the pelvis in women in labor, depending on the degree of inclination of it

Last year, we reported the first 8 observations of the changeability of the size of C. diagonalis (verae) at various degrees of pelvic tilt in women in labor.

Modern methods for radiological diagnosis of endometriosis

Endometriosis is a widespread gynecological disease, which affects reproductive-aged women. An accurate diagnosis is critical to develop a more comprehensive treatment strategy for endometriosis than is currently available. This article provides an overview of current data on the value of radiation techniques for the diagnosis of external genital and extragenital endometriosis, deep infiltrating endometriosis, and adenomyosis. The necessity of using a systematic approach to examine the pelvis in women with suspected endometriosis is shown, modern terms and methods of measurement being given to describe ultrasound picture of endometriosis.

On the Opportunities of Using the Indices of Lipid Peroxidation – Antioxidant Defense System in the Diagnostics of Varicose Veins of Small Pelvis in Women

Background: The prevalence of varicose veins of small pelvic veins in women of reproductive age varies widely – from 5.4 to 80 %, due to the low specificity and low sensitivity of clinical diagnostic techniques, and the absence of biomarkers that can be used to identify the formation and progression of varicose veins of small pelvic veins in women.Aims: To identify changes in the levels of parameters of the system “lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection” with the development of varicose veins of the pelvis in women, as well as the possibility of their diagnostic use.Materials and methods: We examined 200 women with clinical signs of varicose veins of small pelvis. Control group included 30 women without any pathology of venous system. Treatment group included 137 women with varicose veins of small pelvis: with mild degree of severity – 39 women, with moderate degree of severity – 65 women, with severe degree of severity – 33 women. We performed comparative analysis of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense system in women with and without varicose veins of small pelvis taking into account the severity degrees of pathological process.Results: We obtained the most informative indices for lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense processes in blood of women with varicose veins of small pelvis: concentration of diene conjugate (DC) for the mild degree of severity of pathological process, lipid hydroperoxide (LHP), DC and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) – for the moderate and severe degree of severity, and also changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes with increase of the severity of the disease. Assessment of the level of catalase (Cat) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) showed their highest informative value at the mild degree of severity. Concentrations of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) are more statistically significant markers for severe forms of pathological process.Conclusions: Our research showed the relevance and advisability of the studying the levels of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense indices in women with varicose veins of small pelvis. We registered the highest diagnostic value of DC, Cat and GP in the beginning of the disease and of LHP, DC, MDA, GR, GST and GSH – at severe forms of the pathological process. We obtained reference values for DC, MDA, Cat, SOD and GP concentration that can be considered as the predictors of the development of varicose veins of small pelvis.

Ultrasound Evaluation of the Pelvis in Women With Suspected Endometriosis Scheduled for Laparoscopic Surgery

Ultrasound Evaluation of the Pelvis in Women With Suspected Endometriosis Scheduled for Laparoscopic Surgery

Клініко-морфологічні паралелі у патогенезі хронічних запальних процесів внутрішніх статевих органів у жінок з варикозним розширенням вен малого таза

Violation of hemomicrocirculatory processes is in the basis of the development of diseases of various organs and systems. The study of hemomicrocirculation at all levels allows us to understand the complexity and universality of these processes, as well as opens up new perspectives in the pathogenetic approach to the treatment and prevention of the diseases. The homogeneity of the reaction of all parts of the hemomicrocirculatory bed in various diseases has been proved on the basis of clinico-morphological comparisons. Study of some areas allows us to judge the state of hemomicrocirculation as an integral system. The objective: to study and compare the changes of the hemomicrocirculatory bed (HMCB) of the conjunctiva of the eyeball and adventitia of varicose veins of the small pelvis (VVSP) in women with chronic inflammatory processes of the internal genital organs (CIPIGO). Materials and methods. There were examined 54 women with chronic inflammatory processes of internal genital organs against the background of varicose veins of the small pelvis (group I); 30 – practically healthy women (control group). The age of women was between 18 and 45 years old. Bulbar microscopy was performed using the SHL-2B slit lamp. The results of microscopy were evaluated according to the system of V.S.Volkov et al. To evaluate the restructuring of the HMCB of adventitia of VVSP, the operating material of 12 women of reproductive age was used. Mainly, these were pieces of the ovarian vein. The study of HMCB in the vein wall was performed by the non-injecting method of silver impregnation according to V.V. Kupriyanov. To standardize the results, the state of the HMCB of venous wall adventitia was studied in norm in 5 women of reproductive age, who died as a result of various injuries. Results. Clinical-morphological parallels between changes in the HMCB of the conjunctiva of the eyeball and adventitia of the varicose veins of the small pelvis were revealed after the performed research. The arteriols’ architectonics was almost unchanged. Venules were dilated, twisted, somewhere varicose-enlarged, filled with formed elements. The structure of capillaries was polymorphic. The capillary net was localized and concentrated or shaped in the form of a thick planar net, the capillaries were expanded. In the micropreparations of the adventitia, there were arterio-venular anastomosis. The nuclei of the endothelial cells were shortened. In some preparations, the diameter of the arterioles corresponded to the diameter of the collection venules. Conclusions. 1. Our studies confirm both clinically and pathomorphologically that one of the links of the pathogenesis of CIPIGO, which occur against the background of VVSP, is a violation of HMCB. 2. Firstly, changes in the HMCB of the conjunctiva of the eyeball and adventitia of the varicose veins of the small pelvis in women with CIPIGO show that they are systemic. 3. The results obtained by us prove the necessity of the use of medicines that improve hemomicrocirculation in the treatment of CIPIGO against the background of VVSP. Key words: hemomicrocirculatory bed, bulbar conjunctiva, adventitia, varicose veins of the small pelvis, chronic inflammatory diseases of the small pelvic organs.

Modern approach to treatment of a recurrent bacterial vaginosis at women of the reproductive period

Bacterial vaginosis is closely associated with increase in frequency of inflammatory diseases of woman's pelvis organs, infertility, spontaneous abortions, preterm labor, contaminating fetus, postnatal inflammatory complications and cervical neoplasia. Goal of the study was to improve treatment of relapsed bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age and asses the efficacy of the pathogenetic combination therapy. Materials and methods. In our research we observed 40 female patients, at the age of 18-35 years who were revealed relapsed bacterial vaginosis according to clinical and laboratory examination. We studied their anamnesis, clinical manifistation, microscopic examination of cervical discharge to detect bacterial vaginosis. Also we carried out polymerase chain reaction to identify conditionally pathogenic microbes (Femoflor-16) and pH-metry of vagina contents with colpotest. Results. Our research revealed increased quantity or lack of a normal microflora (Lactobacillus spp.) in all patients. Streptococcus spp. 45.00%; Staphylococcus spp. 40.00%; Atopobium vaginae 80.00%; Gardnerella vaginalis + Prevotella bivia Porphyromonas (titer106) 70.00% were identified. Combination therapy allows to restore a vaginal ecosystem and prevents bacterial vaginosis relapse over period of 12 months in our patients. Conclusion. Polymerase chain reaction in real time (Femoflor-16) with vaginal pH-metry are the basic laboratory examination methods to confirm bacterial vaginosis. Use of a combination therapy allows to restore a vaginal ecosystem and prevents bacterial vaginosis relapse over period of 12 months in our patients.

The State of the Hemomycocirculatory Bed of Adventitia of Varicose Veins of the Small Pelvis in Women with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases of the Internal Genital Organs

Hemomicrocirculatory system – is a complex structure that reacts in every pathological process even before the clinical period and takes the first blow. The study of microhemocirculation will provide an opportunity to solve the important for practical medicine questions of pathogenesis of many diseases, as for the prevention and treatment of regional disorders of blood circulation.The objective of the research is to study the state of the hemomicrocirculatory bed (HMCB) of adventitia of varicose veins of the small pelvis (VVSP) in women with chronic inflammatory processes of the organs of the small pelvis (CIPOSP).Materials and methods of research. To evaluate the restructuring of the HMCB of adventitia of VVSP, the operating material of 12 women of reproductive age was used. Mainly, there were pieces of the ovarian vein. The study of the HMCB in the vein wall was performed by the non-injecting method of silver impregnation according to V.V. Kupriyanov. To standardize the results, the condition of the HMCB of adventitia of the venous wall in norm was studied in 5 women of reproductive age, who died as a result of various traumas.Results of the research. After the performed studies, the structural-morphological changes of the HMCB of the adventitia of the small pelvis veins were revealed. The dilation of capillaries, postcapillaries, postcapillary venules was observed. The diameter of the vessels of the HMCB of the ovarian vein adventitia was: venule – 94.21 ± 1.38 μM in comparison with the norm – 48.78 ± 1.60 μM (p<0.001); post-capillary venules – 46.76 ± 1.04 μM in comparison with the norm – 28.29 ± 1.1.01 μM (p<0.001); the capillaries were 11.22 ± 0.14 μM in comparison with the norm – 8.24 ± 0.16 μM (p<0.05), arterioles – 29.02 ± 0.76 μM in comparison with the norm – 25.19 ± 1.15 μM (p<0.01). The architectonics of the arterioles is almost unchanged. Lumen of venules is filled with formed elements. The structure of capillaries is polymorphic. The capillary net was localized and concentrated or was formed as a thick planar net, the capillaries were expanded. There were arterio-venulous anastomoses. Endothelial nuclei are shortened. In some preparations, the diameter of the arterioles corresponded to the diameter of the collection venules. Conclusions:1. The first discovered by us changes in HMCB of adventitia of varicose veins of the small pelvis in women with CIPOSP can be one of the pathogenetic links of the development and progression of the varicose vein itself, which in turn aggravates the course of chronic inflammation. 2. The timely appointment of drugs that improve microcirculation will enable to prevent the development of dystrophic changes in the vein wall, improve the course of chronic inflammatory processes and reduce or completely eliminate the syndrome of “chronic pelvic pain”.

Features of delivery in patients with perinatal fetal death

The article presents the features of the course of the birth act in patients with perinatal fetal death, in comparison with the control group of women who gave birth to children who survived 7 days of life. The comparison of the anthropometric data on the parturient (weight at the time of delivery, the results of pelviometry), the incidence of various anomalies of the bone pelvis in women, the sex of the newborn, the timing of delivery, the presentation of the fetus, the duration of the anhydrous interval, the first, second and third periods of labor, Epidural anesthesia, perineotomy and episiotomy, the imposition of obstetric forceps, the imposition of a vacuum extractor, the provision of a medical sleep, labors induction, labors stimulation, amniotomy, manual examination of the uterus cavity, blood transfusion) and surgical delivery by cesarean section. A number of significant differences in the main group and the comparison group that can be regarded as predictors of perinatal fetal death are revealed. For example, women with various abnormalities of the pelvis, in particular the uniformly deformed and transversely pelvic pelvis, children born from premature pregnancy, in the pelvic presentation, with a reduction in the duration of the first period of labor, an increase in the duration of the second and third periods of labor, are at risk for perinatal fetal death, Performance of amniotomy, manual examination of the uterine cavity, blood transfusion at the puerpera. At the same time, the frequency of most obstetric manipulations in both groups does not differ significantly.

Pelvimetry for fetal cephalic presentations at or near term for deciding on mode of delivery.

Pelvimetry assesses the size of a woman's pelvis aiming to predict whether she will be able to give birth vaginally or not. This can be done by clinical examination, or by conventional X-rays, computerised tomography (CT) scanning, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To assess the effects of pelvimetry (performed antenatally or intrapartum) on the method of birth, on perinatal mortality and morbidity, and on maternal morbidity. This review concentrates exclusively on women whose fetuses have a cephalic presentation. We searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 January 2017) and reference lists of retrieved studies. Randomised controlled trials (including quasi-randomised) assessing the use of pelvimetry versus no pelvimetry or assessing different types of pelvimetry in women with a cephalic presentation at or near term were included. Cluster trials were eligible for inclusion, but none were identified. Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and risk of bias, extracted data and checked them for accuracy. We assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Five trials with a total of 1159 women were included. All used X-ray pelvimetry to assess the pelvis. X-ray pelvimetry versus no pelvimetry or clinical pelvimetry is the only comparison included in this review due to the lack of trials identified that examined other types of radiological pelvimetry or that compared clinical pelvimetry versus no pelvimetry.The included trials were generally at high risk of bias. There is an overall high risk of performance bias due to lack of blinding of women and staff. Two studies were also at high risk of selection bias. We used GRADEpro software to grade evidence for our selected outcomes; for caesarean section we rated the evidence low quality and all the other outcomes (perinatal mortality, wound sepsis, blood transfusion, scar dehiscence and admission to special care baby unit) as very low quality. Downgrading was due to risk of bias relating to lack of allocation concealment and blinding, and imprecision of effect estimates.Women undergoing X-ray pelvimetry were more likely to have a caesarean section (risk ratio (RR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19 to 1.52; 1159 women; 5 studies; low-quality evidence). There were no clear differences between groups for perinatal outcomes: perinatal mortality (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.45; 1159 infants; 5 studies; very low-quality evidence), perinatal asphyxia (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.10; 305 infants; 1 study), and admission to special care baby unit (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.01 to 4.13; 288 infants; 1 study; very low-quality evidence). Other outcomes assessed were wound sepsis (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.26 to 2.67; 288 women; 1 study; very low-quality evidence), blood transfusion (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.39 to 2.59; 288 women; 1 study; very low-quality evidence), and scar dehiscence (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.14 to 2.46; 390 women; 2 studies; very low-quality evidence). Again, no clear differences were found for these outcomes between the women who received X-ray pelvimetry and those who did not. Apgar score less than seven at five minutes was not reported in any study. X-ray pelvimetry versus no pelvimetry or clinical pelvimetry is the only comparison included in this review due to the lack of trials identified that used other types or pelvimetry (other radiological examination or clinical pelvimetry versus no pelvimetry). There is not enough evidence to support the use of X-ray pelvimetry for deciding on mode of delivery in women whose fetuses have a cephalic presentation. Women who undergo an X-ray pelvimetry may be more likely to have a caesarean section.Further research should be directed towards defining whether there are specific clinical situations in which pelvimetry can be shown to be of value. Newer methods of pelvimetry (CT, MRI) should be subjected to randomised trials to assess their value. Further trials of X-ray pelvimetry in cephalic presentations would be of value if large enough to assess the effect on perinatal mortality.

The Biomechanical and Energetic Advantages of a Mediolaterally Wide Pelvis in Women.

Here, we argue that two key shifts in thinking are required to more clearly understand the selection pressures shaping pelvis evolution in female hominins: (1) the primary locomotor mode of female hominins was loaded walking in the company of others, and (2) the periodic gait of human walking is most effectively explained as a biomechanically controlled process related to heel-strike collisions that is tuned for economy and stability by properly-timed motor inputs (a model called dynamic walking). In the light of these two frameworks, the evidence supports differences between female and male upper-pelvic morphology being the result of the unique reproductive role of female hominins, which involved moderately paced, loaded walking in groups. Anat Rec, 300:764-775, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Systematic Approach to Sonographic Evaluation of the Pelvis in Women with Suspected Endometriosis: A Consensus Opinion from the International Deep Endometriosis Analysis (IDEA) Group

The IDEA (International Deep Endometriosis Analysis group) statement is a consensus opinion on terms, definitions and measurements that may be used to describe the sonographic features of the different phenotypes of endometriosis. Currently, it is difficult to compare results between published studies because authors use different terms when describing the same structures and anatomical locations. We hope that the terms and definitions suggested herein will be adopted in centers around the world. This would result in consistent use of nomenclature when describing the ultrasound location and extent of endometriosis. We believe that the standardization of terminology will allow meaningful comparisons between future studies in women with an ultrasound diagnosis of endometriosis and should facilitate multicenter research.