Wireless Power Transfer Method Research Articles

WIRELESS CHARGING TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES: CURRENT TRENDS AND ENGINEERING CHALLENGES

Wireless charging technology (WCT) for electric vehicles (EVs) has gained significant attention as a promising alternative to traditional plug-in charging systems due to its convenience and efficiency. This paper systematically reviews 100 peer-reviewed studies on the advancements in WCT, focusing on wireless power transfer (WPT) methods such as inductive and resonant coupling, and the critical engineering challenges that limit widespread adoption. Key issues identified include power transfer efficiency, misalignment between the vehicle and charging pad, and electromagnetic interference (EMI). Additionally, this review explores the infrastructure and scalability challenges of implementing WCT in urban environments and highways, including the potential of dynamic wireless charging systems, which allow EVs to charge while in motion. Despite recent innovations, such as adaptive control systems and advanced coil designs, gaps remain in the research on long-term feasibility and standardization. This study emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration across technical, economic, and policy domains to support the large-scale commercialization of WCT.

A Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer Method Utilizing a Novel Coupler Design for Rotary Steerable Systems

A Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer Method Utilizing a Novel Coupler Design for Rotary Steerable Systems

A Noncommunication Mutual Inductance Estimation Method for Multiple Transmitters SS-Compensated Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer With Low Calculation Effort

A Noncommunication Mutual Inductance Estimation Method for Multiple Transmitters SS-Compensated Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer With Low Calculation Effort

Orthogonal-Frequency Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer for High-Power Wireless EV Charging

In a simultaneous wireless power and data transfer (SWPDT) system using common coils, achieving high-speed communication in high-power wireless charging systems is challenging due to power transfer interference on communication. Based on high-frequency data carrier-based SWPDT (HFDC-SWPDT) technology, this paper proposes an orthogonal-frequency simultaneous wireless power and data transfer (OF-SWPDT) method to minimize interference where the data carrier frequency is orthogonal to the power carrier frequency and its harmonics. In addition, a guard band is inserted between the spectra of power harmonics and data in order to further separate the power and data spectra. Thus, a high-power, high-speed SWPDT system is achieved. Finally, an 11 kW prototype with 64.125 kbps full-duplex communication is developed to validate the proposed method.

Research on Wireless Power Transfer Method for Intelligent Sensing Device of Non-Directly Buried Distribution Cables

This paper presents a study on the impact of circuit parameters on the transmission of electrical energy in wireless power transfer systems designed for intelligent sensing devices within the urban electric power Internet of Things (IoT). Relying on the essential principles of resonant mutual inductance models, the paper conducts an analytical investigation into the phenomena of power-frequency splitting characteristics, efficiency-frequency splitting characteristics, and efficacy synchronization characteristics within wireless energy transmission technologies. The investigation includes a detailed analysis of a wireless power transfer system model operating at 100 kHz, delineating how varying circuit parameters influence the system’s efficiency. Via the utilization of graphical software and computational programming for simulation modeling, this research delved into the dynamics between key parameters such as equivalent load and coupling coefficient and their influence on distinct splitting phenomena. This rigorous approach substantiated the validity of the proposed power-frequency and efficiency-frequency splitting characteristics outlined in the study. Based on the analytical results, it is shown that selecting an appropriate equivalent load or utilizing impedance matching networks to adjust the equivalent load to a suitable size is crucial in consideration of the system’s output power, voltage withstand level, and transmission efficiency. The research findings provide a theoretical basis for the design of wireless power supply systems for non-directly buried cable front-end sensing devices.

Optical Wireless Power Transmission under Deep Seawater Using GaInP Solar Cells

Optical wireless power transmission (OWPT) attracts attention because it enables wireless power transfer over longer distances than current wireless power transfer methods, irradiating laser light to a light-receiving element. In this study, an OWPT system was investigated under water and deep seawater using visible lasers with low optical absorption loss in water. Three laser beams (450 nm, 532 nm, and 635 nm) were transmitted through 30 cm, 60 cm, and 90 cm long tanks filled with tap water and deep seawater and were irradiated to 1.0 × 1.0 cm2 GaInP solar cells. The light reaching rate (ηop) of laser light and the system efficiency (ηsys) of the system (excluding the laser efficiency) were investigated. GaInP solar cells showed photo-electric conversion efficiencies of 30.6%, 40.3%, and 39.3% for 450 nm, 532 nm, and 635 nm irradiations, respectively. As a result, a 532 nm laser through a 90 cm water tank in tap water showed a 78.4% ηop and a 30.8% ηsys. Under deep seawater, a 532 nm laser through a 90 cm tank exhibited a 58.3% ηop and a 23.5% ηsys. A 532 nm green laser showed a higher efficiency than the other 450 nm and 635 nm lasers in this underwater system using GaInP solar cells.

Emergency power supply enabling solar PV integration with battery storage and wireless interface

ABSTRACT This paper presents a detailed investigation of an emergency power supply that enables solar photovoltaic (PV) power integration with a battery energy storage system (BESS) and a wireless interface. Through the utilisation of solar PV-based generation and BESS with wireless/contactless power transmission, the proposed method offers an easy-to-setup and flexible alternative solution for the emergency power supply (EPS) for household appliances and wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging for all weather conditions. During bad weather conditions, the battery acts as the main power supply and can be charged from the solar PV panel and during rainy days, it can be charged from the grid by the proposed wireless interface for emergency use. The proposed system is analysed by mathematical modelling, focusing on the interface of the solar PV, BESS, and load, with inductive power transfer (IPT) as a wireless power transfer (WPT) method. The simulation and a scaled-down experimental prototype are built to demonstrate that the proposed system enables wireless power transfer with PV and BESS, and easy installation can be achieved by just placing the primary charging coil of the proposed power supply close to the wireless charging pad that is available in the existing system for e.g. EV charging. The results show that the load voltage is kept constant at 48 V against the varying input characteristic of the solar panel which is the solar irradiance ranging from 20% to 100% and output characteristics of the load of the proposed integrated system with variation of 20–50%, respectively. Moreover, the wireless power transfer efficiency across the inductive coils is maintained at about 97% under these variations.

Methods, Standards and Components for Wireless Communications and Power Transfer Aimed at Intra-Vehicular Applications of Launchers

In the world of space systems and launchers in particular, there is always a strong demand for the reduction of the weight of all components/subsystems that are not related to the payload and simplification of the integration phase. A possible solution to both these problems is the replacement of cables and connectors with wireless systems for communication and power supply. With this aim, a survey was carried out through an analysis of the technical/scientific literature available on wireless communication standards and electric power transfer methods. To evaluate wireless systems’ effective applicability, the existence of applicable standards and commercial components that could facilitate their implementation was also verified. To provide information on specific applications, a synthesis of experiences in the aeronautical and space fields of wireless system demonstrators was reported. Consequently, it is clear that there is interest in the subject, but some applications are still limited to the demonstration of systems or, at most, to non-critical functions. Since wireless power transfer methods need less energy from the sensor nodes, a brief investigation into the architectures and components necessary to implement low-power sensor nodes is also included in this study.

A mm-sized acoustic wireless implantable neural stimulator based on a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer

Implantable medical devices are increasingly being used to perform electrophysiological stimulation, thus calling for wireless implantable neural stimulators for which wireless power transfer is needed. Compared with radio frequency and inductive coupling wireless power transfer methods, acoustic wireless power transfer features lower attenuation, a smaller size and a higher safe power threshold. This paper demonstrates the design, fabrication, assembly and characterization of a mm-sized acoustic wireless implantable neural stimulator based on a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer. Ex vivo experiments in water are conducted to characterize the power transfer link, showing improvement of the power transfer efficiency by more than two times with a matching circuit. Following FDA guidelines, the wireless implantable neural stimulator achieves a 3.24 μW output power in tissue. The feasibility for rat sciatic nerve stimulation is successfully demonstrated in vivo by the implantable prototype with a size of 5 × 5.5 × 2.5 mm3. The proposed solution has the potential to shrink the entire implanted system to a monolithic transducer-IC chip, paving the way toward an acoustic wireless implantable neural stimulator with higher levels of biocompatibility, integration and miniaturization.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МЕТОДОВ БЕСПРОВОДНОЙ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ЭНЕРГИИ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ УСТРОЙСТВАХ

This paper examines modern wireless power transfer methods, including inductive, radio frequency, ultrasonic and laser technologies. The working principles of each technology, their advantages and limitations, as well as current and future applications are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the application of these technologies in consumer electronics, automotive industry, medical devices and smart homes. The paper also considers technical and economic aspects, including transmission efficiency, technology cost and regulatory requirements. Finally, the issues and challenges related to safety, environmental impact and technical limitations are discussed, as well as the prospects for the future development and commercialization of wireless power transfer.

Wireless power transfer technologies for electric vehicles: Principles, challenges and opportunities

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is a promising solution for charging electric vehicles, which have many advantages such as zero emissions, low noise, and convenience. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art of WPT technology for electric vehicles, focusing on the classification, principle, advantages, and disadvantages of different WPT methods, such as capacitive WPT, inductive WPT, microwave WPT, and laser WPT. The paper also discusses the future trends and challenges of WPT technology, such as coil design, international standards, safety issues, multiple charging modes, and compensation networks. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of WPT technology for electric vehicles and to inspire further research and development in this field.

An adaptive feedback regulation method of wireless power transfer systems for compensating battery‐based source's fluctuations

SummaryThis article proposes an adaptive feedback regulation method for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, which can be applied to solve the problem of the drop in input voltage from the emergency power supply such as a battery‐based source. The whole WPT system transfers power mainly through the mutual inductance between the transmitter and receiver coils. The compensation coils are accessed to form the power feedback side, which can achieve constant voltage output by adjusting the duty cycle of the DC/DC converter. Furthermore, the finite element simulation result analyzes the constant voltage output characteristics of the proposed topology under different load conditions. Finally, an 85 kHz prototype based on the proposed method is built and tested to verify the performance and effectiveness of the design. The proposed method achieves a constant 48 V output when the load varies from 60 to 120 Ω and the horizontal offset distance varies from 20 to 80 mm.

Field Deployable Sensor Arrays with Molecular Selectivity for Soil Health

Monitoring soil health is very important in agriculture. Soil health can be monitored by the sensing the metabolomic activities of microbiota as increased concentrations in CO2, CH4, N2O, vapors in the soil. A vapor sensor based on microfabricated cantilever array is an ideal sensor platform for field deployable miniature sensors. Many such platforms, such as cantilever arrays, have been demonstrated as sensitive sensors for chemical and biological detection. In fact, the array-based sensor platform satisfies almost all of the requirements of an ideal high-performance sensor, such as its very high sensitivity, miniature size, array based multi-analyte detection, and low power consumption. However, poor molecular selectivity, especially for small molecules at trace level, as well as the lack of reproducibility, pose formidable challenges in translating this highly sensitive sensor platform into a practical reality. Traditionally, selectivity in chemical and biological sensing is achieved by using immobilized receptors or chemical interfaces on sensor surfaces. While poor selectivity in small molecule detection using reversible receptors is due to the lack of uniqueness of receptor-analyte interaction, nonuniformity in the immobilized receptor graft density is the reason for unacceptable rates of reproducibility in these sensors. We have used a multi-modal, multi-physics approach in overcoming these challenges. Multi-modal data when analyzed using deep learning techniques, show enhanced selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability. In order to operate these sensors in a field-scale study, a long range through-the-soil (TTS) wireless power transfer method is developed. Energy from an adjacent solar panel array is distributed wirelessly via conduction currents that propagate outward along and through the soil. Power transfer within a 0.25-ha (0.6acre) area is demonstrated using an average input power of 6W.This research is supported by NSF-SitS Award Nos. 2226614 and 2226612

A Simultaneous Wireless Power and High-Rate Data Transfer System Based on Transient Responses Regulation

In this letter, a simultaneous wireless power and data transfer (SWPDT) method for wireless power transfer systems is proposed. Data and power are transferred via the same coupler. To achieve a high transfer power and a high data transfer rate, double-side LCC compensation topology with band-pass filtering is adopted to create a favorable condition for data transfer. An inductor fully compensated at the power carrier frequency and connected serially with the coupled coil is used to inject and extract the data carrier and multiplexed to conduct the power carrier. In addition, the duration time of the transient responses of the data transfer channel is regulated based on complex frequency-domain analysis. Finally, a 1.1 kW SWPDT experiment prototype with a data transfer rate of 1 Mbps and a data transfer delay of 0.4 μs is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

Enhanced-efficiency Capacitive Coupling Intra-body Power Transfer Systems with 1.8 V Output for Neural Interfaces.

Traditional wireless power transfer methods for powering neural interfaces have many restrictions such as short transmission distance and strict device alignment. The recently proposed capacitive coupling intra-body power transfer (CC-IBPT) which utilizes human body as the medium supports flexible placements of the transmitter electrode. In this paper, we established two prototype systems based on CC-IBPT with different power sources of a grounded signal generator and a battery-powered board to explore the maximum output power levels with 1.8 V load voltage. To improve the power transmission efficiency, LC impedance matching (IM) and backward compensation (BC) are conducted at the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) respectively. Measured results show that 2.5 and 7.4 times load power is enhanced in the two prototype systems. Moreover, the maximum power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 11.16% can be obtained with the TX-RX distance of 16 cm. Therefore, our work verifies CC-IBPT's capability of achieving a high PTE in long-distance wireless power supply for neural interfaces and promotes its widespread application.

Double-Sided LCC Compensation Network and Its Tuning Method for Wireless Power Transfer for EV charging

Abstract: This research explores a double-sided LCC compensation network's utilization in an inductively coupled wireless power transfer (WPT) system for electric car charging applications and its wireless power transfer tuning procedure (WPT). A wireless power transmission system is offered with a double-sided LCC compensating network. The compensation circuit is crucial because it may be used to adjust the system's resonance frequency, lower reactive power in the power electronics converter, and boost the efficiency and capability of transferred power. The proposed architecture and its tuning technique allow the system to operate at a constant switching frequency since the resonant frequency is unaffected by the coupling coefficient between the two coils and is also independent of the load status. Also, it has been discovered that the corrected receiving coil inductance is a useful tuning parameter for ensuring the primary side zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation.

Design of a wireless charging system in DC microgrids with accurate output regulation and optimal efficiency

This paper presents a general circuit and control design method for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems in DC microgrids to achieve optimal power transfer efficiency, while maintain accurate output voltage regulation. An auxiliary inductor is added at the transmitter resonator to form a current sink to ensure zero voltage switching (ZVS) of the primary-side full-bridge inverter with even extreme-light load conditions. Besides, an adaptive proportional-integral (PI) controller is adopted to track the output voltage references by regulating the phase shift angle of the phase shift control for the full-bridge inverter. The coefficients of the adaptive proportional-integral controller are determined by the inductor of the auxiliary inductor. Both simulation and experimental results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed circuit and control design in achieving optimal efficiency and output voltage regulation for wireless power transfer systems in DC microgrids with source and load variations.

Wirelessly Powered 3-D Printed Headstage Based Neural Stimulation System for Optogenetic Neuromodulation Application

This work presents a miniaturized wireless power transfer (WPT) system integrated with a neuromodulation headstage for duty-cycled optical stimulation of freely moving rodents. The proposed WPT system is built using the commercially available off-the-shelf components (COTS) for the optogenetic neuromodulation system consisting of a bridge rectifier, a DC-DC converter, an oscillator circuit, an LED driver, and a μLED. The total power consumption of the stimulation system is 14 mW which is provided using the WPT method. The WPT system includes a novel transmitter (TX) coil implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB), and a solenoid receiver (RX) coil wrapped around a customized 3-D printed headstage. The proposed TX coil is designed in such a way that the magnetic field all across the TX coil is sufficient to provide the required power to the optical stimulation system that is worn as a headstage by the freely moving rat. The headstage device's dimension is 18.75 mm × 21.95 mm, weighing 4.75 g. The ratio of the weight of the headstage and rat is 4.75:300. The proposed system is able to achieve a maximum overall efficiency of ∼63% at 5 cm separation between the TX and RX coils, where the maximum power transfer efficiency (PTE) of the WPT system is ∼88% and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the rectifier is 71.6%. The proposed system with reconfigurable stimulation frequency is suitable for exciting different brain areas for long-term health monitoring.

Novel Coil Detection Method for Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles

Novel Coil Detection Method for Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles

Powering Electronic Implants by High Frequency Volume Conduction: In Human Validation.

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is used as an alternative to batteries to accomplish miniaturization in electronic medical implants. However, established WPT methods require bulky parts within the implant or cumbersome external systems, hindering minimally invasive deployments and the development of networks of implants. As an alternative, we propose a WPT approach based on volume conduction of high frequency (HF) current bursts. These currents are applied through external electrodes and are collected by the implants through two electrodes at their opposite ends. This approach avoids bulky components, enabling the development of flexible threadlike implants. We study in humans if HF (6.78 MHz) current bursts complying with safety standards and applied through two textile electrodes strapped around a limb can provide substantial powers from pairs of implanted electrodes. Time averaged electric powers obtained from needle electrodes (diameter = 0.4 mm, length = 3 mm, separation = 30 mm) inserted into arms and lower legs of five healthy participants were 5.9 ± 0.7 mW and 2.4 ± 0.3 mW respectively. We also characterize the coupling between the external system and the implants using personalized two-port impedance models generated from medical images. The results demonstrate that innocuous and imperceptible HF current bursts that flow through the tissues by volume conduction can be used to wirelessly power threadlike implants. This is the first time that WPT based on volume conduction is demonstrated in humans. This method overcomes the limitations of existing WPT methods in terms of minimal invasiveness and usability.