Wireless Keyboards Research Articles

Inclusion in the clinic: A mixed methods study of left-handed student's perceptions of using cordless keyboards.

Little is written on obstacles for left-handed students in the dental clinic. This mixed methods study evaluates the experiences of using cordless keyboards for left-handed dental students. Researchers purchased four Logitech K400 Plus wireless keyboards. Using Qualtrics, a survey software, a pre-survey was sent out at the beginning of the spring semester prior to introducing the cordless keyboards. A post-survey circulated at the end of the semester. Quantitative analysis statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics. Researchers conducted a thematic analysis of the qualitative survey responses. Twenty-three left-handed D3 and D4 dental students were asked to participate in a survey about cordless keyboards. The pre-survey had a 100% response rate, and the post-survey had a 71% response rate. The surveys indicated that left-handed students often face a range of barriers in clinical settings, including ergonomic challenges to enter data, difficulty managing time due to double entry of data on right-handed equipment, and feelings of psychological unsafety due to fear for asking for support. The most significant finding was as follows: not only did the cordless keyboard assist clinical performance, but the cordless keyboard project also helped students feel heard and validated as left-handed learners. Researchers recommend that educators prioritize the inclusion of left-handed learners through various practices like making adjustments to physical spaces and creating inclusive environments where all learners feel supported.

Protecting Data at Risk of Unintentional Electromagnetic Emanation: TEMPEST Profiling

Unintentional electromagnetic (EM) emissions often include information about the data processed by electronic devices. Intrusion based on an unintentional EM emission leaves no evidence of an attacker’s activity, while the data owner is unaware that it has been lost. EM attacks can be performed without physically damaging a device that operates regularly. The most typical intrusion activities involve sensitive data exfiltration using various methods that do not require the physical connection of devices to the computer network or communication channels. This research examines EM emissions from computer monitors, wireless keyboards and mice, printers, scanners, conductors, piezoelectric sensors (PES), and radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. The telecommunication electronics material protected from emanating spurious transmissions (TEMPEST) profiling as a performance engineering of the EM footprint is discussed. This study also presents different TEMPEST standards and highlights their importance concerning unintentional EM radiation.

Bezbednost bežičnih tastatura - pretnje, ranjivosti i mere zaštite

Introduction/purpose: This paper provides an overview of research on computer system vulnerabilities caused by compromised electromagnetic radiation by wireless keyboards. Wireless devices that use event-triggered communication have been shown to have critical privacy issues due to the inherent leakage associated with radio frequency emissions. Wireless connectivity technology is a source of signal emanation that must be protected in terms of performance and security. Methods: Wireless device vulnerabilities and side-channel attacks are observed, along with electromagnetic emission of radio waves. Results: The findings highlight a specific wireless keyboard's security and encryption flaws. The results of penetration testing reveal vulnerabilities of targeted wireless keyboards in terms of outdated firmware, encryption, wireless reliability, and connection strength. Conclusion: Wireless keyboards have security flaws that disrupt radio communication, giving a malicious user complete access to the computer to which the keyboard is connected. An attacker can steal sensitive data by observing how the system works using compromised electromagnetic emissions.

A 600 mV +20 dBm IIP<SUB align="right">3 CMOS LNA with <i>g<SUB align="right">m</i> smoothening auxiliary path for 2.4 GHz wireless applications

CMOS low noise amplifiers (LNA's) finds a large-scale of applications in biomedical applications and other mission sensors which include cordless telephones, wireless keyboards, and radio equipment. For radio-frequency (RF) applications where signal frequencies are high, consequences of intermodulation distortion results from the nonlinearities of the MOS transistors used in the LNA. As it is impracticable to eradicate nonlinearities completely, second-order nonlinearities were added in out of phase with the third-order nonlinearities in derivative and modified derivative methods which suppress the third-order nonlinearities up to an input intercept point (IIP3) of 8 dBm only. In this article, proposed LNA reduces the nonlinearity interaction increases the IIP3 performance up to 12 dBm using the common source differential architecture with PMOS loads in the auxiliary path. The proposed LNA offers gain (S21) of 12 dB operates at ultra-low voltage supply headroom of 600 mV with good stability deemed as a favourable requirement for low power wireless applications.

Bio and non‐bio materials‐based quasi‐solid state electrolytes in DSSC : A review

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are more attractive than silicon solar cells due to their low dependency on light intensity so that they can perform both indoor and outdoor with low-level lightings. DSSC's global revenue exceeded 16 million USD in 2014 for emerging portable charging, solar bags, and wireless keyboards. However, on-grid DSSC modules are still under R&D for massive commercialization to improve their long-term stability and safety issues due to the liquid electrolyte leakage. Therefore, quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSE) have been proposed as a novel alternative to overcome the limitations stated above since 2001. Here, we deliver a short outline of the QSE properties, which are linked with the performance of DSSC in terms of different types of QSE structures: gel, hydrogel, and aerogel. Furthermore, these QSE structures are classified under bio and non-bio materials. Finally, the impact, outlook, and future prospects of QSE-DSSC are included as a conclusion in this review.

Creating and Deploying USB Port Covers at Hudson County Community College

In 2016, Hudson County (NJ) Community College (HCCC) deployed several wireless keyboards and mice with its iMac computers. Shortly after deployment, library staff found that each device’s required USB receiver (a.k.a. dongle) would disappear frequently. As a result, HCCC library staff developed and deployed 3D printed port covers to enclose these dongles. This, for a time, proved very successful in preventing the issue. This article will discuss the development of these port covers, their deployment, and what worked and did not work about the project.

Stationary computer devices: identification and assessment of the electromagnetic field in the working space

This article discusses the electromagnetic field emitted by stationary computer devices (personal computers and servers): CRT and LCD screen monitors, system units and peripheral equipment such as wireless communication mice and keyboards, direct current suppliers (AC/DC), uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and network and electrical supplying cables. Computer devices emit an electromagnetic field from 50 Hz to several GHz. Electromagnetic hazards in the working space near those computer devices do not require individual assessment of the compliance of the level of electromagnetic exposure with the limits provided with respect to the protection of workers against electromagnetic hazards, because the distance between the operator’s body and the equipment is at least 20 cm. This article does not discuss other exposure scenarios such as repairing devices or using portable devices.

Comparing methods for numerical input in immersive virtual environments

Numeric input is a sub-case of alphanumeric input where a user wishes to communicate a numerical value to the computer. While this is a straightforward task for windows-based environments, this is not the case for immersive virtual environments. In this paper we design, implement, and evaluate different methods based on gestures or hand-held devices such as wireless numeric keyboards and gamepads. The assessment showed that hand-held devices can be easier to use and faster for data input. A numeric keyboard can offer fast input for positive, small numbers, while the gamepad-based method can offer uniform performance. Although the gesture-based method did not perform as well, there is still scope for its use when a designer needs a method that leaves both user’s hands free during interaction.

27MHz 무선 키보드의 취약성 분석

Internet generalization has led to increased demands for Internet banking. Various security programs to protect authentication information are being developed; however, these programs cannot protect the wireless communication sections of wireless keyboards. In particular, vulnerabilities have been reported in the radio communication sections of 27 ㎒ wireless keyboards. In this paper, we explain how to analyze M’s 27 ㎒ wireless keyboard. We also experimentally show that an attacker can acquire authentication information during domestic Internet banking using a 27 ㎒ wireless keyboard. To do this, we set up an experimental encironment to analyze the electromagnetic signal of a 27 ㎒ wireless keyboard.

Single‐Thread‐Based Wearable and Highly Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Their Applications in Cloth‐Based Self‐Powered Human‐Interactive and Biomedical Sensing

The development of wearable and large‐area fabric energy harvester and sensor has received great attention due to their promising applications in next‐generation autonomous and wearable healthcare technologies. Here, a new type of “single” thread‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and its uses in elastically textile‐based energy harvesting and sensing have been demonstrated. The energy‐harvesting thread composed by one silicone‐rubber‐coated stainless‐steel thread can extract energy during contact with skin. With sewing the energy‐harvesting thread into a serpentine shape on an elastic textile, a highly stretchable and scalable TENG textile is realized to scavenge various kinds of human‐motion energy. The collected energy is capable to sustainably power a commercial smart watch. Moreover, the simplified single triboelectric thread can be applied in a wide range of thread‐based self‐powered and active sensing uses, including gesture sensing, human‐interactive interfaces, and human physiological signal monitoring. After integration with microcontrollers, more complicated systems, such as wireless wearable keyboards and smart beds, are demonstrated. These results show that the newly designed single‐thread‐based TENG, with the advantage of interactive, responsive, sewable, and conformal features, can meet application needs of a vast variety of fields, ranging from wearable and stretchable energy harvesters to smart cloth‐based articles.

0235 Barriers and Facilitators of Supplying a Treadmill Workstation to Office Workers: usability, safety, comfort, and productivity. A qualitative study0235 Barriers and Facilitators of Supplying a Treadmill Workstation to Office Workers: usability, safety, comfort, and productivity. A qualitative study

ObjectivesCharacterise usability, safety, comfort, and impact on productivity of treadmill workstations in real worksites.MethodOffice workers volunteered to try out for six months a treadmill workstation consisting of a height adjustable...

Analyzing the Secure Simple Pairing in Bluetooth v4.0

This paper analyzes the security of Bluetooth v4.0’s Secure Simple Pairing (SSP) protocol, for both the Bluetooth Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate (BR/EDR) and Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) operational modes. Bluetooth v4.0 is the latest version of a wireless communication standard for low-speed and low-range data transfer among devices in a human’s PAN. It allows increased network mobility among devices such as headsets, PDAs, wireless keyboards and mice. A pairing process is initiated when two devices desire to communicate, and this pairing needs to correctly authenticate devices so that a secret link key is established for secure communication. What is interesting is that device authentication relies on humans to communicate verification information between devices via a human-aided out-of-band channel. Bluetooth v4.0’s SSP protocol is designed to offer security against passive eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. We conduct the first known detailed analysis of SSP for all its MitM-secure models. We highlight some issues related to exchange of public keys and use of the passkey in its models and discuss how to treat them properly.

Wireless keyboards and mice: could they enhance teaching and learning in the secondary English classroom?

This paper reports on the first year of a pilot study on the use of wireless keyboards and mice by student teachers with small groups of pupils across the 11–16 age range in the secondary English classroom. It investigates the equipment’s suitability for use with a range of teaching and learning strategies including collaborative writing and textual analysis and considers the affordances which may be offered to the learning context through use of the technology. Provisional findings reveal some technical difficulties with the equipment but suggest that it has the potential, particularly when used as a motivational tool, to develop pupils’ creative engagement with composition processes during small group collaborative writing.

Guest Editor's Introduction: Wired on Wireless

In the past few years, we’ve seen wireless keyboards, mice, headsets, broadband networking, and even high-fidelity speakers. Radio frequency-based products’ move toward the consumer space has greatly reduced the equipment’s price, and this in turn has caused a groundswell of new consumer- and enterpriseoriented products that use wireless technology. This, however, creates the potential for security and privacy problems--the focus of this special issue. The articles in this issue aim to have frank and open debates on the problems as well as advantages so that the results benefit everyone.