Wireless Healthcare Monitoring System Research Articles

Optimization analysis of average message delivery time for healthcare monitoring using a developed NB-IoT technology in a smart city

In contrast to prior research that lacked a comprehensive analysis of a fundamental parameter, namely the average message delivery time (AMDT), this study significantly contributes to the academic community by offering cutting-edge insights into AMDT analysis for wireless healthcare monitoring in smart cities. Employing the innovative Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology, this article thoroughly investigates AMDT within wireless healthcare monitoring. The study focuses on analyzing AMDT during the transmission and reception of messages from base stations (BS) to remote healthcare data aggregators (HDAs) serving remote patients (RPs). Various vital parameters are considered, including modulation rate, average message length (AML), the average number of hops per path (H) required to reach remote patients, patient count, sub-carrier spacing (SS), and the modulation type within the communication range of the BS. This proposed assessment of health network performance offers a brief overview based on essential criteria, facilitating swift and precise evaluations of the efficacy of mobile health applications. The results obtained and the in-depth discussion of the outcomes of AMDT analysis provide valuable insights that can be harnessed to enhance the design and operation of wireless healthcare monitoring systems.

Transfer Printing of Photoactive Layer Enabling Efficient, Wearable, and Dual‐Function Organic Solar Cell Modules for a Wireless Healthcare Monitoring System

AbstractWhile transfer‐printing is a great technique for efficient film fabrication of many emerging devices on various substrates, its application in organic solar cells (OSCs) is rarely explored. Besides, it is highly challenging to fabricate a large‐scale production of a “dual‐function OSC module” that runs two‐objective functions simultaneously in a given single system. Through comprehensive investigation on the transfer‐printing feasibility of various π‐conjugated organic materials, in addition to successful transfer‐printed OSC and flexible OSC module, implementation of dual‐function OSC modules via the transfer‐printing, in which two individual sub‐cell series based on dual‐purpose photoactive layers are separately integrated into a single system is showcased here. Moreover, the fabrication and operation of a wearable integrated self‐powered system for wireless healthcare monitoring with the wearable transfer‐printed dual‐function OSC module are also demonstrated. This study opens the door to fabricating OSCs with multi‐objective structures via the transfer‐printing technique, which enables the extra device‐level values for advanced energy‐related applications.

Implementation of Smart Health Monitoring System Using Egde Computing

The last ten years have seen a shift in the healthcare monitoring systems, making them one of the most important systems. Because of a lack of timely medical attention for individuals suffering from various illnesses, humans are struggling with the issue of untimely mortality. The main objective was to create a dependable IoT-based patient monitoring system that would enable healthcare providers to keep track of their patients, whether they are in a hospital or at home, in order to provide better treatment. Sensors, a data collecting unit, and a microprocessor make up the majority of a mobile device-based wireless healthcare monitoring system that was built in order to offer real-time online information about a patient's physiological status. The Internet of Things (IoT), edge computing, cloud computing, and other emerging information technologies have all contributed to the development of smart healthcare. The Internet of Things (IoT) concepts have been widely applied to connect the available medical resources and provide patients with intelligent, dependable, and efficient healthcare. One of the paradigms that can harness the benefits of the IoT to improve the patient's lifestyle is health monitoring for active and supported living. We have introduced an IoT architecture that has been specially designed for healthcare applications in this project. Hence the proposed architecture collects the sensor data through Node MCU microcontroller

Implementation of Smart Health Monitoring System Using Edge Computing

The last ten years have seen a shift in the healthcare monitoring systems, making them one of the most important systems. Because of a lack of timely medical attention for individuals suffering from various illnesses, humans are struggling with the issue of untimely mortality. The main objective was to create a dependable IoT-based patient monitoring system that would enable healthcare providers to keep track of their patients, whether they are in a hospital or at home, in order to provide better treatment. Sensors, a data collecting unit, and a microprocessor make up the majority of a mobile device-based wireless healthcare monitoring system that was built in order to offer real-time online information about a patient's physiological status. The Internet of Things (IoT), edge computing, cloud computing, and other emerging information technologies have all contributed to the development of smart healthcare. The Internet of Things (IoT) concepts have been widely applied to connect the available medical resources and provide patients with intelligent, dependable, and efficient healthcare. One of the paradigms that can harness the benefits of the IoT to improve the patient's lifestyle is health monitoring for active and supported living. We have introduced an IoT architecture that has been specially designed for healthcare applications in this project. Hence the proposed architecture collects the sensor data through Node MCU microcontroller

Development of Low-Cost IoT-Based Wireless Healthcare Monitoring System

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.

Patient health monitoring system using IoT

Healthcare monitoring systems have been one of the most important system in the last decade, and they have become increasingly technological. Humans are facing various issue and untimely death due to multiple illness, due to a lack of medical treatment for patients. To overcome this issue a real time health monitoring system has proposed based on IOT. The proposed system consists of mobile application and GSM for continuous wireless monitoring of patients. The main aim is to create a dependable patient management system based on IoT so that healthcare professionals can monitor their patients who are either hospitalized or at home using an IOT based integrated healthcare system to ensure quality patient care. Sensors are used to track vital parameters, and the data collected by the sensors is sent to the cloud via a WiFi module. A wireless healthcare monitoring system has created that can provide real time online information about a patients conditions. The system is made up of sensors, a data acquisition unit, a microcontroller (i.e. ESP32) and software. The patients temperature, heart beat rate, ECG, blood pressure and SPO2 are regularly monitored, displayed and stored by the system and the same has been sent to the doctors mobile containing the application. Additionally a message is sent to the doctors mobile if any of the parameter crosses the threshold value. Thus, IOT based real time health monitoring system systematically monitor the condition of patients health and save their life on time.

Security and Privacy in IoT Smart Healthcare

Patient care is a key element of healthcare practices. The use of Healthcare IoT could enhance the lives of patients and the quality of services provided by medical practitioners, nurses, clinicians, pharmaceutical companies, and government in general. Wireless healthcare monitoring systems tremendously used in hospitals and other healthcare practices and witnessed as a revolution in the medical field. Nevertheless, security and privacy for interconnected things are mostly overlooked on the Internet of Things paradigm. In the context of healthcare and remote health monitoring, it is crucial a systematic approach for security and privacy measures must be used in device manufacturing, interconnecting things, communication, data handling and storage, and destruction of such devices and data. This article examines the current state of security and privacy of the Internet of Things in the healthcare system, the challenges encountered in implementing security frameworks and advocates security and privacy solutions.

A highly miniaturized freestanding kinetic-impact-based non-resonant hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator for human induced vibrations harvesting

Energy harvesting from human motion can be considered a promising and sustainable energy source for powering portable electronics and sensors. Herein, a highly miniaturized freestanding kinetic-impact-based hybridized nanogenerator (MFKI-HNG) is presented to harvest human-induced vibrations effectively. The MFKI-HNG was designed to simultaneously generate hybridized outputs under the same mechanical load through a rational integration of an electromagnetic generator (EMG) and a freestanding-mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). A non-resonant mechanical system with nonlinearity significantly improved the EMG's output performance in the low-frequency vibration range (≤5 Hz). Subsequently, nanowire and micro-nano hierarchical structures developed on tribo-materials further enhanced the output performance of the TENG. After optimizing via theoretical modeling and simulations, the as-fabricated MFKI-HNG was tested using both shaker and human motions. The MFKI-HNG generated maximum output powers of 102.29 mW across the optimum resistances, with a corresponding normalized power density of 3.67 mW cm−3 g−2 at 5 Hz under 10 ms−2 (1 g = 9.8 ms−2). During diverse activities, the MFKI-HNG could harvest a significant amount of energy in different body-worn positions and drive thermo-hygrometers and 380 commercial light-emitting diodes simultaneously. Using a customized power management circuit, the MFKI-HNG can act as a portable power source for modern electronics, such as smartphones and smartwatches. A wireless temperature sensor has successfully run continuously for more than 70 s with the MFKI-HNG from just 6 s of excitations. This study shows the immense potential of harvesting human-induced vibrations via a hybridized nanogenerator for developing a feasible self-powered system for portable/wearable electronics and wireless healthcare monitoring systems.

A low power fuzzy logic based variable resolution ADC for wireless ECG monitoring systems

Portable low power and high quality monitoring devices play an important role for improving the performance of wireless body sensor networks. Mixed signal processor is required in ECG monitoring unit that comprises of analog front end, analog to digital converter (ADC) and digital signal processor. ADC is a core element in mixed signal processing unit and the proper design of ADC is crucial for data acquisition without losing heart related information and originality. The adaptive sampling has been used in the existing ADCs for choosing the sampling clock adaptively. Adaptive sampling rate ADC performs compression and reduces power consumption to some extent, however low powers ADCs are essential in wireless healthcare monitoring systems. In this paper, fuzzy logic based variable resolution controller is proposed to design the ADC efficiently in terms of circuit complexity and power. To further reduce the power consumption, power gating technique is adopted for static power reduction. Under 90 nm CMOS technology, gate count, core area utilization and power consumption have been determined for existing adaptive sampling ADC and fuzzy logic based adaptive sampling ADC. Cadence design tools have been used for the measurement of power in the designed circuit. The performance has been found to be better in terms of area and power that are very much essential for wireless ECG monitoring systems.

Dedicated real-time monitoring system for health care using ZigBee.

Real-time monitoring systems (RTMSs) have drawn considerable attentions in the last decade. Several commercial versions of RTMS for patient monitoring are available which are used by health care professionals. Though they are working satisfactorily on various communication protocols, their range, power consumption, data rate and cost are really bothered. In this study, the authors present an efficient embedded system based wireless health care monitoring system using ZigBee. Their system has a capability to transmit the data between two embedded systems through two transceivers over a long range. In this, wireless transmission has been applied through two categories. The first part which contains Arduino with ZigBee will send the signals to the second device, which contains Raspberry with ZigBee. The second device will measure the patient data and send it to the first device through ZigBee transceiver. The designed system is demonstrated on volunteers to measure the body temperature which is clinically important to monitor and diagnose for fever in the patients.

Real-time healthcare monitoring system using wireless sensor network

This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a wireless portable healthcare monitoring system. It has a set of medical sensors connected to an embedded microcontroller with a wireless communication module. By scanning the medical sensors, the embedded microcontroller checks if the patient health condition is normal or not. In the case of abnormal condition, the embedded unit transmits the measured signals directly to a medical centre through the internet. According to the patient health condition, a doctor will send medical advice to the patient to address the abnormality of the patient. A prototype system has been designed, implemented, and validated by both laboratory test and comparison with recommended medical standards. A detailed analysis and evaluation of the healthcare unit is given in the paper. The obtained results indicate that the proposed healthcare system is accurate in scanning, clear in monitoring, reliable in communication, and can be used as a portable medical kit for outdoor patient monitoring and supervising, or as a medical station at home.

In Vivo Self-Powered Wireless Cardiac Monitoring via Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

Harvesting biomechanical energy in vivo is an important route in obtaining sustainable electric energy for powering implantable medical devices. Here, we demonstrate an innovative implantable triboelectric nanogenerator (iTENG) for in vivo biomechanical energy harvesting. Driven by the heartbeat of adult swine, the output voltage and the corresponding current were improved by factors of 3.5 and 25, respectively, compared with the reported in vivo output performance of biomechanical energy conversion devices. In addition, the in vivo evaluation of the iTENG was demonstrated for over 72 h of implantation, during which the iTENG generated electricity continuously in the active animal. Due to its excellent in vivo performance, a self-powered wireless transmission system was fabricated for real-time wireless cardiac monitoring. Given its outstanding in vivo output and stability, iTENG can be applied not only to power implantable medical devices but also possibly to fabricate a self-powered, wireless healthcare monitoring system.

Reliable Smartphone Based Wireless Healthcare Monitoring System For Post Operative Heart Surgery Patients On Driving Conditions

Reliable Smartphone Based Wireless Healthcare Monitoring System For Post Operative Heart Surgery Patients On Driving Conditions

Wireless laptop-based phonocardiograph and diagnosis.

Auscultation is used to evaluate heart health, and can indicate when it’s needed to refer a patient to a cardiologist. Advanced phonocardiograph (PCG) signal processing algorithms are developed to assist the physician in the initial diagnosis but they are primarily designed and demonstrated with research quality equipment. Therefore, there is a need to demonstrate the applicability of those techniques with consumer grade instrument. Furthermore, routine monitoring would benefit from a wireless PCG sensor that allows continuous monitoring of cardiac signals of patients in physical activity, e.g., treadmill or weight exercise. In this work, a low-cost portable and wireless healthcare monitoring system based on PCG signal is implemented to validate and evaluate the most advanced algorithms. Off-the-shelf electronics and a notebook PC are used with MATLAB codes to record and analyze PCG signals which are collected with a notebook computer in tethered and wireless mode. Physiological parameters based on the S1 and S2 signals and MATLAB codes are demonstrated. While the prototype is based on MATLAB, the later is not an absolute requirement.

Design and Implementation of Wireless Healthcare Monitoring System

Design and Implementation of Wireless Healthcare Monitoring System

Power Efficient Ultra Wide Band Based Wireless Body Area Networks with Narrowband Feedback Path

The basic requirement of wireless healthcare monitoring systems is to send physiological signals acquired from implantable or on-body sensor nodes to a remote location. Low-power consumption is required for wireless healthcare monitoring systems since most medical sensor nodes are battery powered. The emergence of new technologies in measuring physiological signals has increased the demand for high data rate transmission systems. Ultra-wide band (UWB) is a suitable wireless technology to achieve high data rates while keeping power consumption and form factors small. Although UWB transmitters are designed based on simple techniques, UWB receivers require complex hardware and consume comparatively higher power. In order to achieve reliable low power two-way communication, a sensor node can be constructed using a UWB transmitter and a narrow band receiver. This paper proposes a new medium access control (MAC) protocol based on a dual-band physical layer technology. Co-simulation models based on MATLAB and OPNET have been developed to analyze the performance of the proposed MAC protocol. We analyzed the performance of the MAC protocol for a realistic scenario where both implantable and wearable sensor nodes are involved in the data transmission. Priority-based packet transmission techniques have been used in the MAC protocol to serve different sensors according to their QoS requirements. Analysis is done with regard to important network parameters, such as packet loss ratio, packet delay, percentage throughput, and power consumption.

Zigbee Based Wearable Remote Healthcare Monitoring System for Elderly Patients

Remote health care monitoring system (RHCMS) has drawn considerable attentions for the last decade. As the aging population are increasing and at the same time the health care cost is skyrocketing there has been a need to monitor a patient from a remote location. Moreover, many people of the World are out of the reach of existing healthcare systems. To solve these problems many research and commercial versions of RHCMS have been proposed and implemented till now. In these systems the performance was the main issue in order to accurately measure, record, and analyze patients’ data. With the ascent of wireless network RHCMS can be widely deployed to monitor the health condition of a patient inside and outside of the hospitals. In this work we present a ZigBee based wireless healthcare monitoring system that can provide real time online information about the health condition of a patient. The proposed system is able to send alarming messages to the healthcare professional about the patient’s critical condition. In addition the proposed system can send reports to a patient monitoring system, which can be used by the healthcare professionals to make necessary medical advices from anywhere of the World at any time.

A Secure Wireless Telehealthcare Monitoring System and its Web Application

Efforts to prepare for a growing number of elderly patients, reducing the escalation of healthcare costs, and avoiding hospitals emergency room overcrowding are some of the driving forces for adopting wireless healthcare monitoring systems. However, due to the open-to-air commination nature of multilayer wireless networks, it is important to consider reliability, accuracy, security and privacy of such data transmission. We have developed a low-cost and wireless telehealthcare system for monitoring of basic physiological parameters and automatically transmitting the measured data to an electronic patient record. It employs off the shelf wireless products and a secure web-based application which have been tested in a hospital with satisfactory outcomes.

Bioelectronics and Medical Diagnostics

The growing field of Bioelectronics deals with advanced electronics techniques to meet the needs of health care industry as well as other environmental and security applications. This interdisciplinary field integrates electronics and computer science with biology, medicine and applied sciences to solve problems related to design manufacturing and maintenance of medical devices and help to increase the span and quality of our lives. Healthcare assisted technology and medical diagnostics are among the main challenges that could be addressed by Bioelectronics. There is still room to improve medical diagnostics and healthcare services by providing high-quality, innovative and cost-effective solutions that enable safe and effective patient care. Wireless patient monitoring and diagnostics as well as intelligent medical imaging are among the high priority Bioelectronics research topics. A market analysis report indicates that the U.S. market for wireless healthcare monitoring systems has grown from $3.9 billion in 2007 to $8.9 billion in 2011 and is forecast to reach $20.9 billion by 2016 [1,2]. An embedded mobile ECG monitoring system was developed based on client–server architecture where the server (normally located in a hospital) stores ECG signals from the patient monitor (located in the patient’s house) or a RFID reader [3]. This system communicates between medical device network and a mobile GPRS interface. The development of ‘Electronic Doctor’s Bag’ [4], with mobile communication link, is an example of remote medical diagnostics services. It measures patient’s vital signs and performs ultrasonic diagnosis of the patient with compressed and coded video images. Some case studies have been set up with pilot trial of the system in integrating telehealthcare and decision support in the patient care management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure [5] or automated diagnosis of heart arrhythmia [6].

An Algorithm That Predicts CSI to Allocate Bandwidth for Healthcare Monitoring in Hospital's Waiting Rooms

In wireless healthcare monitoring systems, bandwidth allocation is an efficient solution to the problem of scarce wireless bandwidth for the monitoring of patients. However, when the central unit cannot access the exact channel state information (CSI), the efficiency of bandwidth allocation decreases, and the system performance also decreases. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to reduce the negative effects of imperfect CSI on system performance. In this algorithm, the central unit can predict the current CSI by previous CSI when the current CSI is not available. We analyze the reliability of the proposed algorithm by deducing the standard error of estimated CSI with this algorithm. In addition, we analyze the efficiency of the proposed algorithm by discussing the system performance with this algorithm.