Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System Research Articles

Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles

This paper presents a comprehensive review of wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging technologies, focusing on the advancements, challenges, and prospects in this domain. With the increasing adoption of electric vehicles globally, the demand for efficient and convenient charging solutions has grown significantly. Wireless charging offers promising opportunities to enhance the user experience by eliminating the need for physical connections between the charger and the vehicle. This review discusses the underlying principles of various wireless charging technologies, including inductive charging, resonant charging, and capacitive charging. Furthermore, it examines the key components and system architectures involved in wireless EV charging systems. The paper also addresses the technical challenges such as efficiency, alignment, safety, and interoperability that must be overcome to realize the widespread deployment of wireless charging infrastructure. Additionally, the regulatory and standardization efforts governing wireless EV charging are discussed, along with their implications for market adoption. Finally, the review provides insights into future research directions and potential applications of wireless EV charging technology, including dynamic charging systems and integration with smart grid networks. Overall, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers interested in understanding the current state and future prospects of wireless electric vehicle charging.

A Novel Asymmetrical Quadrupolar Coil for Interoperability of Unipolar, Bipolar, and Quadrupolar Coils in Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Systems

The unipolar, bipolar, and quadrupolar coils used in an electric vehicle wireless charging system are not interoperable with each other. Thus, there would be interoperability issues when the transmitting and receiving coils are not the same. To solve this issue, this letter proposes an asymmetrical quadrupolar coil that can be interoperable with the four conventional coils at the same position for efficient wireless power transfer, namely the unipolar coil, the bipolar coil along two perpendicular directions, and the quadrupolar coil. Large coupling coefficients can be achieved for the proposed coil with the four conventional coils when perfectly aligned. The misalignment performance with the four conventional coils is also investigated. An experimental prototype is developed to compare the conventional symmetrical quadrupolar coil and the proposed asymmetrical quadrupolar coil for validation of interoperability. The proposed asymmetrical quadrupolar coil achieves a maximum coupling coefficient of over 0.10 and a maximum dc-dc efficiency of over 85% with the four conventional coils.

Misalignment Tolerance of Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Based on Reconfigurable Adaptive Topology and Centrosymmetric Coils

Misalignment Tolerance of Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Based on Reconfigurable Adaptive Topology and Centrosymmetric Coils

Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles: A Survey and Comprehensive Guide

This study compiles, reviews, and discusses the relevant history, present status, and growing trends in wireless electric vehicle charging. Various reported concepts, technologies, and available literature are discussed in this paper. The literature can be divided into two main groups: those that discuss the technical aspects and those that discuss the operations and systems involved in wireless electric vehicle charging systems. There may be an overlap of discussion in some studies. However, there is no single study that combines all the relevant topics into a guide for researchers, policymakers, and government entities. With the growing interest in wireless charging in the electric vehicle industry, this study aims to promote efforts to realize wireless power transfer in electric vehicles.

Comparison of Buck-Type DC-DC Converter Design for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Using Railway Power Grid

Comparison of Buck-Type DC-DC Converter Design for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Using Railway Power Grid

A Dual-Band Coil Array With Novel High-Order Circuit Compensation for Shielding Design in EV Wireless Charging System

For the wireless power transfer (WPT) system in electric vehicle (EV) applications, a serious concern lies in the leakage electromagnetic field (EMF) emission. In order to address this issue, this article presents a dual-band coil array (DB-CA) with novel high-order circuit (HOC) compensation. The most attractive feature of DB-CA is that both the first and third harmonics of leakage EMF can be reduced simultaneously, while the system still resonates at the same frequency. A detailed mathematical model is established to intuitively reveal the relevance between impedance design and shielding performance, as well as the constraints to achieve resonance. In addition, the novel HOC compensation is employed to decouple the shielding design at each harmonic. Both simulated and experimental results verify the effectiveness of DB-CA, and a 1-kW WPT prototype operating at 85 kHz is established. By applying DB-CA, the leakage EMF can be reduced by 3.88 dB at 85 kHz and 1.84 dB at 255 kHz, respectively. Meanwhile, the system resonant frequency still locates at 85 kHz, and the achieved zero phase angle condition is independent with load condition. It can provide significant guidance to the design of shielding configurations in EV Wireless Charging System.

An Interoperable Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Based on Mutually Spliced Double-D Coil

An Interoperable Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Based on Mutually Spliced Double-D Coil

Magnetic coupling resonant ultra‐high voltage electric vehicle wireless charging system based on parity‐time symmetry

SummaryIn recent years, the electric vehicle (EV) industry has developed rapidly, and research on wireless charging systems for the EV is very meaningful. This paper proposes a magnetic coupling resonant ultra‐high voltage EV wireless charging system based on parity‐time symmetry to meet the need of high transmission efficiency and high transmission power for the EV wireless charging system. Through the application of magnetic coupling resonance and parity‐time symmetry, the charging system can maintain constant transmission efficiency within a larger spatial range, which greatly reduces the high‐precision requirements for coil alignment. Through the proposed intelligent coil alignment system, the alignment degree of the power transmission coil, user experience, and energy transmission efficiency can be improved further, promoting the intelligence of the charging system. At the same time, an ultra‐high voltage booster module is added to the primary side of the system to provide high‐power input for the EV charging system. Simulation analysis and experiments verify the rationality and practicability of the charging system. Finally, the practical significance of the proposed system applied to power grid inspection work is discussed.

Research on Metal and Living Foreign Object Detection Method for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System

In the electric vehicle wireless power transmission system, the high-frequency alternating magnetic field between the transmitter and receiver can have a certain impact on the health of living organisms and may even lead to lesions. In addition, metal foreign objects in an alternating magnetic field can cause their own heating or even cause fires due to the eddy current effect, so foreign object detection is an essential function in the wireless power transmission system of electric vehicles. In order to prevent metals and living organisms from entering the charging area and causing harm to the charging system and living organisms, this paper proposes a method for detecting living organisms and metal foreign objects. Firstly, the equivalent circuits for the detection systems of the living organism foreign objects and metal foreign objects are established, respectively, and the working theory of the detection system is analyzed by deriving equations. Secondly, the comb capacitor simulation model was constructed, and the comb capacitor electrode spacing, wire thickness, and capacitor spacing were designed based on the scale factor γ to explore the effects of the height and bottom area of the living organism’s foreign object on the comb capacitor. We constructed a simulation model of the detection coil and designed the inner diameter D, the number of turns N, and the wire spacing S of the detection coil according to the scale factor β. An arrayed detection coil and comb capacitor combination mode is proposed to realize the function of the simultaneous detection of metal and living organism foreign objects, and a compensation capacitor is introduced to keep the detection system in a resonant state. Lastly, a platform for foreign object detection experiments was set up to detect metal screws and beef chunks compared to the detection area without foreign objects. Metal screws entering the detection area cause a 20% voltage drop in the detection circuit resistor, and beef chunks entering the detection area cause a 30% voltage drop in the detection circuit resistor, so the detection method is effective in detecting both metals and living organisms. The feasibility of the combined mode of arrayed detection coils and comb capacitors was verified.

Energy management of grid connected PV with efficient inverter based wireless electric vehicle battery charger: A hybrid CSA-QNN technique

A Hybrid CSA-QNN approach is proposed in this manuscript for grid-connected PV with an efficient inverter-based wireless electric vehicle (EV) battery charger. The proposed hybrid method combines the performance of both the circle search algorithm (CSA) and quantum neural networks (QNN), commonly named the CSA-QNN technique. The Circle Search Algorithm helps find the best charging spot by creating a virtual circle, while the Quantum Neural Network optimizes the overall power flow and charging efficiency. Together, these technologies contribute to making wireless charging for EVs more efficient and convenient. The major goal of the manuscript is the design of a wireless EV battery charger with PV integration. Wireless EV charging systems (WEVCS) may be a feasible alternative technology for charging EVs without a plug-in problem. The CSA-QNN method is performed in the MATLAB platform and it is compared to different existing approaches. The CSA-QNN method shows better results than the existing approaches like the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Wild horse optimizer (WHO), and Particle Swarm optimization (PSO).

A Strong Offset-Resistant Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Based on Dual Decoupled Receiving Coils

A Strong Offset-Resistant Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Based on Dual Decoupled Receiving Coils

Interoperability Study of Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Based on Three Decoupled Non-overlapping Unipolar Transmitting Coils

Interoperability Study of Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Based on Three Decoupled Non-overlapping Unipolar Transmitting Coils

Solar wireless electric vehicle charging system

vehicles (EVs) are increasingly prevalent on roads today. These vehicles have demonstrated their effectiveness to minimize travel costs through transitioning from traditional fuel sources to electricity, that is notably more cost-efficient, alongside the associated environmental benefits. The primary aim is to implement a charging system that accommodates extended vehicle usage by applying higher charging rates for prolonged periods. Presently, the prevailing charging infrastructure for EVs involves conductive methods where the vehicle connects to a charging station; however, this process typically takes longer. Advancements in technology are introducing wireless charging solutions. Inductive EV charging, a wireless alternative, eliminates the need for physical wires. This innovative approach proposes charging electric vehicles while they are in motion, eliminating the necessity for vehicles to stop for refueling. Notably, this charging mechanism operates on solar energy, obviating the requirement for an exterior source of power. The system-design encompasses the utilization of various components such as batteries, transformers, solar panels, copper coils, regulator circuits, ATmega328p controllers, AC to DC converters, and the LCD.

Recognizing Multitype Misalignments in Wireless EV Chargers With Orientation-Sensitive Coils: A Data-Driven Strategy Using Improved ResNet

In wireless electric vehicle charging systems, misalignments between ground-assembled transmitter and vehicle-assembled receiver are undesirable but inevitable, which may cause efficiency deterioration and even thermal risks. The recognition of horizontal misalignment, including that in the longitudinal and lateral direction, has been made gradual progress by previous works. While yaw angle, with rare attention, can also degrade the charging performance, especially for those employing non-centrosymmetric coupling coils, such as rectangular coils. In this paper, a data-driven strategy based on improved ResNet is proposed to recognize the above multi-type misalignments simultaneously, which is accurate, reliable, and of practical and general value. Large-scale data is sampled using the proposed detection coils by double-group cooperation, which features high sensitivity to the misalignments of all kinds, especially yaw angle. Benefit to the compression technique in the pre-processing phase, the number of training data and labels can be successfully reduced by 3/4. As the core algorithm of the overall strategy, the adaptive channel parameter recalibration ResNet (ACPR-ResNet) can effectively perceive slight differences among similar input samples and map them to proper labels. This is achieved by an adaptive operation of nonlinear transformation and recalibrated importance of channel features during the training process. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified experimentally using a 6.6-kW prototype. Within the 24×24 cm range, 95.2% of the test cases have an error of less than 1.7 cm when recognizing horizontal misalignment, and 91.7% of the test cases have an error of less than 1.5° when recognizing yaw angle.

Recent Results in Shielding Technologies for Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Systems

Recent Results in Shielding Technologies for Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Systems

Modeling EV Charging Station Loads Considering On-Road Wireless Charging Capabilities

Electric vehicle (EV) customers are expected to charge EV batteries at a rapid EV charging station or via on-road wireless EV charging systems when possible, as per their charging needs to successfully complete any remaining trips and reach their destination. When on-road wireless EV charging systems are considered as an alternative charging method for EVs, this can affect the load of a rapid EV charging station in terms of time and magnitude. Hence, this paper presents a probabilistic framework for estimating the arrival rate of EVs at an EV rapid charging station, considering the availability of on-road wireless charging systems as an alternative charging method. The proposed model incorporates an Electric Vehicle Decision Tree that predicts the times when EVs require rapid charging based on realistic transportation data. A Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to capture uncertainties in EV user decisions regarding charging types. A queuing model is then developed to estimate the charging load for multiple EVs at the charging station, with and without the consideration of on-road EV wireless charging systems. A case study and simulation results considering a 32-bus distribution system and the US National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data are presented and discussed to demonstrate the impact of on-road wireless EV charging on the loads of an rapid EV charging station. It is observed that having on-road wireless EV charging as complementary charging to EV charging stations helps to significantly reduce the peak load of the charging station, which improves the power system capacity and defers the need for system upgrades.

Static and dynamic wireless charging system for electric vehicle

Electrified transportation will help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and petrol prices. Electrified transportation demands that a wide variety of charging networks be set up, in a user-friendly environment, to encourage adoption. Wireless electric vehicle charging systems (WEVCS) can be a potential alternative technology to charge electric vehicles (EVs) without any plug-in problems. This paper outlines the currently available wireless power transfer technology for EVs. In addition, it also includes wireless transformer structures with a variety of ferrite shapes, which have been researched. WEVCS are associated with health and safety issues, which have been discussed with the current development in international standards. Two major applications, static and dynamic WEVCS, are explained, and up-to-date progress with features from research laboratories, universities, and industries is recorded. Moreover, future upcoming concepts-based WEVCS, such as ‘‘vehicle-to-grid (V2G)” and ‘‘in-wheel” wireless charging systems (WCS) are reviewed and examined, with qualitative comparisons with other existing technology.

Design optimization of electromagnetic shielding and charging efficiency for electric vehicle wireless charging system

Electric vehicle (EV) technology is rapidly advancing, yet the wireless charging system for EVs still faces challenges in terms of insufficient charging efficiency and electromagnetic safety. To overcome these obstacles, this study proposes a novel approach by integrating the double-ended charge-level capacitance charging model with a composite electromagnetic shielding scheme, resulting in the charge-level capacitance composite shielding charging model. Experimental verification confirms the effectiveness of the proposed composite electromagnetic shielding model, demonstrating superior shielding performance compared to conventional models. Furthermore, performance analysis of the suggested charge-level capacitance composite shielding charging model reveals a disk loss of 0.087 W, a transmission efficiency of 98.25%, and a magnetic induction strength of 9.09 T. Collectively, these comprehensive findings indicate that the proposed charging model offers enhanced charging performance and electromagnetic shielding capabilities, surpassing those of traditional models, and holds practical value for real-world implementation.

Solar Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System

Solar Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System

Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System

Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System