Wireless Controller Area Network Research Articles

Engineering Autonomous Mobility: Wired and Wireless CAN Bus Design Principles

<div>The controller area network (CAN) bus, the prevailing standard for in-vehicle networking (IVN), has been used for more than four decades, despite its simple architecture, to establish communications between electronic control units (ECUs). Weight, maintenance overheads, improved flexibility, and wiring complexity escalate as the quantity of ECUs rises, especially for high-demand autonomous vehicles (AVs). The primary objective of this study is to examine and discuss the significant challenges that arise during the migration from a wired CAN to a wireless CAN (WCAN). Suggested remedies include changing the configuration of the conventional ECU, creating a hidden wireless communication domain for each AV, and developing a plan to counteract the jamming signals. The simulation of the proposed WCAN was done using MATLAB and validated using OPNET analysis. The results showed that the packet loss of the eavesdropping electronic control unit ranged from 63% to 100%. Anti-jamming results show that when packet loss reaches 2% for a continuous period of time of 0.01 sec, the passive channel is automatically activated, ensuring secure data transmission.</div>

Encrypted Vehicular Communication Using Wireless Controller Area Network

In this paper, we focus on ensuring encrypted vehicular communication using wireless controller area network performance at high node densities, by means of Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) algorithms. We analyses the effect of the vehicular communication parameters, message-rate, data-rate, transmission power and carrier sensing threshold, on the application performance. After a state-of-the-art analysis, we propose a data-rate DSRC algorithm. Simulation studies show that DSRC performs better than other decentralized vehicular communication algorithms for a wide range of application requirements and densities. Vehicular communication plays one of the most important roles for future autonomous vehicle. We have systematically investigated the impact of vehicular communication using the MATLAB© application platform and achieved an accuracy of 93.74% after encrypting all the communications between the vehicles and securing them by applying the encryption on V2V communication in comparison with the existing system of Sensor Networks which stands at 92.97%. The transmission time for the encryption is 165 seconds while the rate of encryption is as low as 120 Mbps for the proposed awareness range of vehicles to vehicle using DSRC algorithm in Wireless-Controller Area Network for communication. Experimental results show that our proposed method performs 3% better than the recently developed algorithms.

Modelling, analysis and validation of wireless controller area network

The controller area network (CAN) is the pioneer in standardising vehicle and automation bus standards. For the wired CAN to meet the emergent pervasive wireless technology, wireless controller area network (WCAN) is introduced. WCAN is based on wireless token ring protocol (WTRP); a MAC protocol for wireless networks to reduce the number of retransmissions due to collision and the wired counterpart CAN attribute on message-based communication. CAN uses token frame method to provide channel access to the nodes in the system. This method allow all the nodes to share common broadcast channel by taken turns in transmitting upon receiving the token frame which is circulating within the network for specified amount of time. This method provides high throughput in bounded latency environment, consistent and predictable delays and better packet delivery ratio. WCAN is tested by simulation using QualNet and compared with IEEE 802.11 and is found to outperform it in ring network. The test results are validated using SAE benchmark.

Implementation and Response Time Analysis of Messages in Wireless Controller Area Network

The Controller Area Network (CAN)is a vehicle bus standard for over two decades. In recent times CAN finds application in industrial automation as well, CAN is mostly employed for safety critical applications where low response time is essential. With the advent of wireless technology, there is a possibility for CAN messages to be exchanged wirelessly; there are several applications where wireless exchange of CAN messages is preferred. The Wireless Controller Area Network (WCAN) is a new approach of using CAN message-based protocol in wireless network. Message with higher priority gets transmitted first into the medium. This work investigates the possibilities to wirelessly communicate Controller Area Network (CAN) messages using the radio protocol IEEE 802.15.4, which is a very quick protocol and so the delays and jitter can be ignored in a small network. This work involves the implementation of Wireless Controller Area Network (WCAN) on FlexDevel board manufactured by Eberspascher. The idea is modelled and is shown to be a very smart way of sending CAN-data without using wires. SAE benchmark for Class C automobiles for safety critical control applications is used to validate the results.Keywords: CAN, IEEE 802.15.4, Response Time Analysis, WCAN, WCAN Implementation

Development of Field Control System of Automated Guided Vehicle Based on Wireless Local Area Network and CAN Bus

In this paper, we realize a real-time communication based on wireless local area network (WIFI) and controller area network (CAN) bus and develop a distributed control system for an automated guided vehicle (AGV). The system consists of two levels: (1) communication between AGVs and main computer based on WIFI, (2) communicationg between control units of AGV based on CAN bus. A real-time operating system μC/OS-II was used to control time, which significantly reduces the time for program and improves development efficiency. Finally, a small-size distributed AGV controller is developed as the main control unit of AGV and a distributed I/O system is developed based on it.

Performance Evaluation of Wireless Controller Area Network (WCAN) Using Token Frame Scheme

In this paper, a proposed new wireless protocol so-called wireless controller area network is introduced. WCAN is an adaptation of its wired cousin, controller area network protocol. The proposed WCAN uses token frame scheme in providing channel access to nodes in the system. This token frame method follows the example used in wireless token ring protocol which is a wireless network protocol that reduces the number of retransmissions as a result of collisions. This scheme based on CAN protocol allows nodes to share a common broadcast channel by taking turns in transmitting upon receiving the token frame that circulates around the network for a specified amount of time. The token frame allows nodes to access the network one at a time, giving `fair' chance to all nodes instead of competing against one another. This method provides high throughput in a bounded latency environment. The proposed WCAN protocol has been developed and simulated by means of QualNet simulator. The performances of this proposed protocol are evaluated from the perspective of throughput, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio, and are compared against the IEEE 802.11 protocol. Simulation results show that the proposed WCAN outperforms IEEE 802.11 based protocol by 62.5 % in terms of throughput with increasing network size. Also, it shows an improvement of 6 % compared to IEEE 802.11 standard at a higher data interval rate.

Modeling and Analysis of Wireless Controller Area Network—A Review

This paper reviews the research work done on the Modeling and Analysis of Wireless Controller Area Network (WCAN). The controller area network (CAN) has been long regarded as the pioneer in standardizing vehicle bus standard. Its influence has even been reached out to various applications in industrial automation; which includes military, aviation, electronics and many others. With wireless technology becoming more pervasive, there is also a need for CAN too to migrate and evolve to its wireless counterpart [1]. A few methods were proposed in the last decade [2-6] that utilized the advantageous of CAN into a wireless network system called wireless controller area network (WCAN). This paper reviews these approaches of WCAN.

Design of a CAN Network with Ethernet and Wireless CAN Interface

Controller Area Network (CAN) is a leading serial bus or network for embedded control since this protocol’s development in the early 1980s, and Ethernet has become the dominant LAN architecture, currently which also is widely applied in embedded control. In order to resolve the interconnection of CAN network and Ethernet, a CAN network with Ethernet and wireless CAN interface is designed, which contains a wired and wireless CAN-Ethernet gateway based on μIP TCP/IP stack protocol, a wired CAN network and a wireless CAN network. Microprocessor STC12C5A60S2 is used as the MPU in the gateway, Ethernet controller ENC 28J60 is connected to Internet through adapter HR911105A and RJ45, CAN interface chips are SJA1000 and PCH82c250, wireless module utilize the single RF transceiver chip nRF2401. The structure of hardware and software of this system are presented, and testing program show that this system can transport data with each other among Ethernet, the wired CAN nodes and the wireless CAN.

Review of Researches in Controller Area Networks Evolution and Applications

Initially designed as a new mean in providing communication network between control units in automotive industries, the controller area network (CAN) has shown a great surge of interest due to its vast advantages. Since then it is widely used in various automation industries including military, aviation, electronics, factories and many others. CAN was designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other without the presence of a host computer and avoiding extensive load to the main controller. It is a high performance and high reliable advanced serial communication protocol which effectively supports distributed realtime control. Ideally, CAN is suitable in application requiring a large number of short messages with high reliability in rugged environment. These characteristics along with many others, allows wide opportunity in development of intelligent ubiquitous sensor network and controller system. This paper presents a brief introduction on CAN operating principles, its architecture and protocols. Also, various applications of CAN are introduced and surveyed with more attention given on smart home. Due to its reliability, efficiency and robustness, an extension of CAN applicants in home automation is proposed that uses sign language smart controller. Finally, this paper concludes with a proposed improvement by converting CAN into wireless CAN (WCAN) by using wireless token ring (WTRP) protocol. WCAN gives a solution when industrial mobile stations under certain constraints should continue to use CAN protocol as frame exchange protocol.

A new method for transferring CAN messages using wireless ATM

Considering widespread use of controller area network (CAN) FieldBus communication systems in process control environments it is usually required to interconnect them. Remote CAN nodes in industrial applications, automation systems and military applications may need communicating with each other or a central management unit for several purposes such as exchanging time-critical information. Along with the wireless communication revolution, networking without wires will play a leading role in the industry affecting customers' strategies and implementation plans. Interconnection of remote CAN nodes in industrial real-time applications using wireless asynchronous transfer mode (WATM) will provide significant benefits to global system integration and control. This paper presents a new method describing fixed wireless CAN networking exploiting WATM as an over the air protocol. CAN over WATM mapping issues using encapsulation technique are explained. The performance analysis of the proposed scheme is presented through computer simulation results provided by OPNET Modeler. The results show that benefiting also from the ATM's QoS control mechanisms, different kind of CAN messages carrying various data source traffics are delivered within 100 ms arrival time deadline as required by the SAE benchmark.