Broadband Wireless Access Technology Research Articles

Frequency migration challenges and strategic decisions-making in broadband wireless access networks

Purpose: The impetus for this study lies in the pressing need for telecommunication companies to adapt to the rapidly evolving technological landscape and regulatory environment to maintain competitiveness and meet increasing consumer demands. Method: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis using SWOT analysis, Qualitative Data Analysis, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the best course of action. Results: This study navigates through the initial stages of identifying the strategic, operational, and financial implications of PT. XYZ Frequency Migration. It delves into the background of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technology, the significance of the 3.3 GHz and 10 GHz bands in telecommunications, and the broader context of industry trends necessitating this shift. Methodologically, this research integrates SWOT, stakeholder, qualitative data analysis (QDA), and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to provide a holistic understanding of the complexities of migration. This multi-faceted approach facilitates a comprehensive evaluation of the technological, operational, and strategic aspects of migration and offers nuanced insights into the challenges and opportunities inherent in the transition to the 10 GHz band. The study proposes that the convergence of various factors necessitates a strategic realignment that encompasses operational efficiency, technical excellence, financial prudence, regulatory compliance, and customer focus to effectively adapt to the 10 GHz spectrum. Contributions: This study contributes to the academic and practical understanding of network migration within the telecommunications sector, offering nuanced insights into the complexities of transitioning to higher frequency bands. It provides a framework for other telecommunications entities considering similar migrations, emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted strategic approach to navigating challenges and leveraging opportunities presented by such technological advancements.

Optimizing throughput value through re-examining of 4G LTE infrastructure link budgets: A Case Study in Lubuk Kilangan

Broadband wireless access technology has taken the lead in communication technology development, enabling users to communicate with fast data speeds and extensive coverage.. Problems that frequently arise in mobile communication systems are the wide range of services and the level of network service quality. Thus, optimization is carried out to improve network quality in the Lubuk Kilangan area by using the drive test method to determine the quality of the network and bad spot areas and analyzed using terms discovery software. The reason behind the findings of this study is that the optimal link budget value for 4G LTE infrastructure in Lubuk Kilangan is higher than the current industry standard due to the unique characteristics of the area. According to the analysis and calculation of the link budget, power additions, and antenna tilting alterations were carried out for optimization. The power quality of the RSRP parameter increased from the fair (orange) area of 2.58 to 0.29. For the SINR parameter, For the SINR parameter, there was also an increase in quality at poor category locations in the KPI parameters (Range RSRP) locations from 0.08% to 0.05%, resulting in SINR bad spots decreasing. The proportion for Throughput after optimization remains the same, at 100%. Indicating that there had been a good increase in the coverage area, making the coverage in the Lubuk Kilangan area good. It is necessary to conduct a deeper study by comparing several types of antenna orientation, including tilt, depending on various factors such as the deployment scenario, coverage requirements, interference considerations, and the specific characteristics of picocells, femtocells, and repeaters. Future research could explore the impact of other factors, such as network topology and user behavior, on link budget optimization of 4G LTE infrastructure in different contexts

Broadband wireless access and IP technologies - VBLAST detection algorithm

MIMO technology was proposed as early as 1908 to cope with wireless channel fading. In 1995, Bell Labs was the first to discover the great potential of MIMO system in channel capacity, and in 1996, Foshini of Bell Labs first proposed a space-time coding scheme, i.e., the diagonal-Bell Labs hierarchical space-time model, which can obtain very high spectrum utilization, but due to the complexity of its structure, it is difficult to be applied in practice, and is now rarely investigated. 1998, P.W. Wolniansky et al. gave a simple and practical space-time coding scheme on this basis, i.e., the vertical-Bell Labs layered space-time model. In 1998, P.W. Wolniansky et al. gave a simple and practical space-time coding scheme on this basis, i.e., Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST, Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time) model, which can obtain very high spectrum utilisation and is easy to implement, and therefore has received wide attention once it was proposed. In this paper, we focus on airtime layered codes as well as the ZF detection algorithm and the MMSE detection algorithm in VBLAST systems and improve them to further enhance the performance of the two detection algorithms through sequential serial interference cancellation.

Broadband wireless access and IP technologies - VBLAST detection algorithm

MIMO technology was proposed as early as 1908 to cope with wireless channel fading. In 1995, Bell Labs was the first to discover the great potential of MIMO system in channel capacity, and in 1996, Foshini of Bell Labs first proposed a space-time coding scheme, i.e., the diagonal-Bell Labs hierarchical space-time model, which can obtain very high spectrum utilization, but due to the complexity of its structure, it is difficult to be applied in practice, and is now rarely investigated. 1998, P.W. Wolniansky et al. gave a simple and practical space-time coding scheme on this basis, i.e., the vertical-Bell Labs layered space-time model. In 1998, P.W. Wolniansky et al. gave a simple and practical space-time coding scheme on this basis, i.e., Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST, Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time) model, which can obtain very high spectrum utilisation and is easy to implement, and therefore has received wide attention once it was proposed. In this paper, we focus on airtime layered codes as well as the ZF detection algorithm and the MMSE detection algorithm in VBLAST systems and improve them to further enhance the performance of the two detection algorithms through sequential serial interference cancellation.

Can the WiMAX IEEE 802.16 Standard Be Used to Resolve Last-Mile Connectivity Issues in Botswana?

Some of the advantages of using Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology at the last-mile level as an access technology include an extensive range of 50 km Line of Sight (LOS), 5 to 15 km Non-Line of Sight, and fewer infrastructure installations compared to other wireless broadband access technologies. Despite positive investments in ICT fiber infrastructure by developing countries, including Botswana, servicing end-users is subjected to high prices and service disparities. The alternative, the Wi-Fi hotspot initiative by the Botswana government, falls short as a solution for last-mile connectivity and access. This study used OPNET simulation Modeler 14.5 to investigate whether Botswana’s national broadband project could adopt WiMAX IEEE 802.16e as an access technology. Therefore, using the experimental method, the simulation evaluated the WiMAX IEEE 802.16e/m over three subscriber locations in Botswana. The results obtained indicate that the deployment of the WiMAX IEEE 802.16e standard can solve most of the deployment issues and access at the last-mile level. Although the findings suggest that WiMAX IEEE 802.16e is more suitable for high-density areas, it could also solve rural areas’ infrastructure development challenges and provide the required high-speed connectivity access. However, unlike the Wi-Fi initiative, which requires more infrastructure deployment and relies less on institutional and regulatory frameworks, the deployment of WiMAX IEEE 802.16e necessitates institutional and regulatory standards.

Modeling Of Subscriber Station Energy Consumption Network 802.16

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technology that has high speed and wide access for multimedia communication. The reception of quality video or voice packets at the receiver is related to how efficient the energy consumption is sent by the Subscriber Station (SS). The more video or voice packets that are sent, the more energy consumption is needed. One way to calculate energy consumption at a WiMAX subscriber station is by using mathematical modeling. This final project is modeling energy consumption in WiMAX. From the simulation, it is found that the change in the bit rate affects the energy consumption of the subscriber station. Through simulation, training data is generated to obtain a mathematical model.The mathematical model contains the components of the state duration and the level of energy consumption. Mathematical models are then used to predict energy consumption in WiMAX. The model is tested through the generation of test data. The test results through simulation showthe percentage deviation of the average energy consumption of training data with mathematical modeling on average is 0.180%. Meanwhile, the energy consumption of test data and mathematical models has an average deviation of 0.187% and 0.191%. The least energy consumption is generated when the MAC Initialization state (state i0) is 0.001 Joule, while the highest energy consumption is the Uplink Frame state (state i14) of 101.017226 Joule.

Realization of Mobile Education Resource Sharing Method Based on Wireless Broadband Connection

Educational resource sharing among students is always an essential component for the development of education level. With the progress of digital and communication networks among institutions, the use and sharing of high-grade educational resources can reach a new level. This paper proposes a new platform for mobile educational resource prediction and sharing via wireless broadband access technology. The architecture of the resource sharing system comprises resource, management, and service layers. An evaluation index system is established to assess the quality of the resource, and a detailed description of the resource assessment methods is presented. Moreover, the social impacts on the allocation of resources and similarities between the social metrics such as response time, success rate, and resource acquisition were investigated. The system has the potential to provide a high success rate and low response time. The system proposed in the paper will stimulate teamwork between teaching groups and increase the ability of resource sharing and optimization more comprehensively.

Proposed Prediction Framework for Improving the Accuracy of Path loss Models of WiMAX Network

Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is an advanced wireless broadband access technology for delivering high speed voice, video and multimedia access for fixed as well as mobile users. Planning and deployment of this network is considered as a crucial challenge because it depends upon the accurate estimation of parameters such as link budget, coverage area, capacity, capital expenditure and operational expenditure etc. However, estimation of the above mentioned parameters is substantially relied on accuracy of predicted path loss model between the base station and the receiver. From data analysis theory, it is found that the presence of outliers in data set have notable impact on the correctness of predicted models. Hence, in this paper a prediction framework is proposed which suggests the inclusion of outlier removal algorithm along with data collection, statistical analysis and regression analysis for improving the accuracy of path loss model. Several measurement campaigns are conducted in a WiMAX network deployed in a suburban area for collection of data such as received signal strength indicator (RSSI), and carrier to interference plus noise ratio (CINR). Further, the impact of proposed framework in improving the accuracy of predicted RSSI, CINR and path loss models for the concerned scenario is investigated through simulation based study. Also, the impact of proposed algorithm on probability density function of path loss as well as link budget performance is investigated. From the result analysis, it is observed that the estimated path loss model closes to SUI A path loss model and SUI C path loss model without and with using the proposed approach respectively. Further, the path loss exponents of the predicted path loss models are evaluated as 3.78 and 3.47 without and with utilizing the proposed framework respectively.

Digital AGC Circuit Design based on FPGA

Users' demand for broadband wireless and mobile is increasing, making wireless broadband access technology WiMAX, arise at the historic moment, rapid development, has become the focus of attention in the industry these two years. In this paper, based on the WiMAX transmission standard 802.16D, the AGC of channel demodulation in WiMAX receiver is described in detail. Firstly, the basic components and main characteristic indexes of the AUTOMATIC gain control system are introduced, and the output formula of AGC model is obtained through the analysis of a step-type AGC. Then the adc and AGC circuits in THE AGC system in the WiMAX receiver are introduced and analyzed theoretically. In this paper, SPW model is used to analyze the algorithm of the basic structure of AGC circuit. Combined with the simulation results, AGC circuit is explained in detail and parameters are explained. Finally, the verification results based on SPW and FPGA are given. The individual performance test of AGC is carried out through SPW, and combined with the performance test of the simulation system, it shows that AGC can work in cooperation with other modules of the system. In FPGA test, it can be proved that AGC can also work well with Verilog.

Performance Evaluation of Angular Separation on Cell Site Diversity Gain

There have been remarkable advancements in the field of broadband wireless access (BFWA) technologies. These technologies operate in microwave frequencies where rain attenuation is the most important factor leading to signal impairments. The use of cell site diversity (CSD) can help in overcoming the signal fading. During the event of rain, when the signal level falls below a particular threshold, the subscriber station switches to another base station in the coverage area. The CSD gain bears strong correlation with the angular separation between the various base stations. This paper analyses the effects of CSD gain on angular separation.

Design of of DM with interpolated FIR Filter channel estimation based Fixed WIMAX System for Data and Image Transmission

The growth in the today’s wireless communication has lend the demand of highly quality of service (QoS) in transmission. The existing telecommunication industries are providing the transmission with the speed of Kbps to Mbps while most of the industries are failed to better QoS. The significant technique called Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) provides the better QoS but leads to high Cyclic Prefix (CP). The WIMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a broadband wireless access technology that adopts the OFDM. This paper introduces OFDM based WIMAX system performance analysis using CP. The Simulink model is designed with 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) with CP using MATLAB. The QAM scheme was examined for Bit Error Rate (BER) over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and multipath Rayleigh fading channel that is subjected to the CP. The proposed OFDM system proved to possess a better BER for without fading channels. The OFDM data/image transmission includes AWGN and Rayleigh with different cyclic prefix values- 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 is plotted. The Cyclic prefix values are changing accordingly for transmitter and receiver. When Eb/No is 22db, the BER value 6.8e-5, 5.6e-5 and 5.8e-5 generated, for 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 different cyclic prefix values respectively. Similarly, for image transmission proposed design achieves 19.94dB of PSNR value for SNR value of 7dB with respect to code rate ½ with 16-QAM

Технологии беспроводного широкополосного доступа: оценка возможности применения для управления движением судов

Технологии беспроводного широкополосного доступа: оценка возможности применения для управления движением судов

Adjusting Holdoff Algorithm Dynamically According to Network Conditions for Improving Performance of Wireless Mesh Networks

Unlike Wi-Fi, Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technology provides a high-speed communication in a wide area. The IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) standard of wireless mesh networks is one of the widely used BWA standards. WiMAX mesh mode achieves data transmission in conflict-free manner in multihop networks by using the control messages (three way handshake messages or MSH-DSCH messages) to reserve channel for sending data. Concurrently, the coordination of three way handshake messages depends on the mechanism named Election based Transmission Timing (EBTT). However, IEEE 802.16 mesh mode uses a static holdoff algorithm, which leads to a low performance in the majority of cases. In this paper, after analyzing the IEEE 802.16 mesh mode with coordinated distributed scheduling, we propose a novel method to improve the throughput by a dynamic holdoff algorithm. The simulation results show that our proposal gets a better throughput performance.

Energy-signal quality trade-offs in a WiMAX mobile station with a booster amplifier

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a broadband wireless access technology that is able to provide high bit rate mobile internet services. Battery endurance remains a problem in current mobile communication. On the other hand, signal quality determines the successful run of the mobile applications. Energy consumption optimization cannot sacrifice the signal level required by the application to run smoothly. On the contrary, the application should consider battery life time. This paper examines the tradeoffs between energy and signal quality in WiMAX subscriber station by adjusting signal level using a booster amplifier. Simulation evaluations show that an increment of 0.00000104% energy consumption on using amplifier adaptively produces 16.411% signal to noise ratio (SNR) increment and 10.7% bit error rate (BER) decrement. By keeping the amplifier turned on, energy consumption increases up to 0.00000136%, causing the SNR rises to 17.2638% and BER drops to 11.13%. The evaluated application is video streaming, other application may behave differently.

Capacity Improvement and Protection of LTE Network on Ethernet Based Technique

High demands for data rates in mobile communications is the reason for developing broadband wireless access technologies. Long Term Evolution (4G LTE) networks which offer significantly higher data rates and require suitably higher capacity backhaul networks. To prepare for the high data rates usage in 4G LTE, operators are using ethernet services in terms of backhaul connectivity. Protection packet switching developed to anticipated network failure on ethernet based network technology. The failures in the network include the link fails to connect to each network element, the network element fails to transfer the data to the destination, or the quality drops below the standard. In this paper we used two ethernet based technique, namely Ethernet over SDH and MPLS-TP with ring protection to anticipated network failure on these techniques. Furthermore, we measured performance of network by measuring and comparing the throughput, latency and jitter between Ethernet over SDH and MPLS-TP. We used bandwidth capacity 240 Mbps as plant bandwidth link and worked in MIMO 2 2. The results of measurements indicated that MPLS-TP with ring protection is the best technique to enhanced the performance of LTE network.

Analysis of Mobility Impacts on LTE Network for Video Streaming Services using Distributed Antenna System

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technology that allows high speed and a wide range of access. LTE is designed to meet the needs for Quality of Service (QoS), i.e. the ability to download up to 300 Mbps and upload up to 75 Mbps. This study investigated the impacts of user mobility on the LTE network for video streaming services. The approach employed in this study included multi-user with Distributed AntennaSystem (DAS) and various variations of user mobility speed. Observations were made on the condition of the user moving from one cell to another so that the handover occurred. The throughput value will increase by 33% and 47% when the user’s distances are respectively 1250 m and 2000 m from eNode B. In addition, the delay value will reduce by 66.32% an 67.58% when the user’s distances are respectively 1250 m and 2000 m from eNode B. Moreover, the PDR value will increase by 48.74% and 55.45% when the user’s distances are respectively 1250 m and 2000 m from eNode B. The use of a distributed antenna system (DAS) model on LTE network has resulted in improved quality of performance when the user streams a video.

Anonymous Communication Scheme for Wireless Mesh Network Based on Network Coding

Wireless Mesh Network, holding the features of self-organization, strong scalability, low deploymentcost, is considered to be the most competitive technology for broadband wireless access service.However, the security and privacy issues become the bottleneck for WMN’s rapid popularization.Network coding, which can improve both network throughput and anonymity, is adopted for thecommunication security in WMN recently. However, the related network-coding based anonymouscommunication schemes suffer from the efficiency and security issues. In this paper, an efficientanonymous communication scheme for WMN is proposed, which combines the opportunistic routingprotocol and network coding approach. The global coding vector is protected with the lightweightpermutation encryption mechanism. In addition, the security and performance analysis demonstratethat the proposed scheme can provide strong privacy protection for WMN communication with highnetwork throughput.

Design of efficient wireless communication system with improved SER using different relay environment

It is very challenging to design an efficient wireless communication system. It is because of many factors, affecting the performance of a typical wireless communication system. With all these years’ rapid development in wireless communication, high demands for broadband mobile wireless communications and the emergence of new wireless multimedia applications have constituted the motivation to the development of broadband wireless access technologies. The long term evolution (LTE) system has been specified by the third generation partnership project (3GPP) on the way towards fourth-generation (4G) mobile to ensure 3GPP keeping the dominance of the cellular communication technologies. LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is the project name of the evolved version of LTE that is being developed by 3GPP. LTE-A will meet or exceed the requirements of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for the 4G radio communication standard. LTE-A is being specified initially as part of the 3GPP specifications. Where the current generation of mobile telecommunication networks are collectively known as 3G (for “third generation”), LTE is marketed as 4G. In this paper, LTE-A WINNER MIMO uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for the downlink that is, from the base station to the terminal. OFDMA meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for very wide carriers with high peak rates. The multiple access schemes in LTE downlink uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). Power saving in transmission is an extensive issue for the multiple access techniques used in LTE, therefore in this paper, an important transmission factor SER for OFDMA system, is considered. This paper provides comparison of SER performance versus SNR of OFDMA system for different relay environment in WINNER, MIMO LTE-A.

Simulation of Memory-Based 1024-Point Fast Fourier Transform for Broadband Wireless Access Technology on FPGA

The limited radio frequency spectrum that can be used for transmission leads to bandwidth and power efficiency being a key requirement in the development of wireless access technology from 3G to 5G today. Data communication technology also requires this as mentioned on high speed network standards such as DSL, WLAN and WMAN with its products ADSL, WiFi and Wimax. In the last few decades we have seen the evolution of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technique used in the technologies mentioned earlier to this day. This technique is regarded as a standard technology for broadband wireless access technology. In hardware implementation, the most preferred by many researchers is the Field Programmable Gate Array chip, as it can be reconfigured. The OFDM technique can be easily implemented because it uses Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithms that are coding and programming capable of reducing the computational time of Discrete Fourier Transform. This paper discusses the implementation of the memory-based 1024-point IFFT / FFT for BWA communications. The design is focused on synthesizing and implementing the system block FFT 1024-point radix-4 using Decimation in Frequency (DIF) method. Implementation for IFFT / FFT 1024-point resource usage slice number 1%, the number of slice flip-flop 1%, the number 4 LUT (Look Up Table) 1%, and the number of IOB 27%. of the FPGA are used.

The Performance Evaluation of Voip for a Mobile User

Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technology has developed rapidly and it has dominated the advancement of technology especially in wireless networks. This paper studies the performance evaluation of VoIP for a mobile user and how the QoS parameters vary for different speeds. The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of mobility of a user on the performance of VoIP. In the meanwhile, it is evaluating the simulation and emulation method for its validity to be used for any new upcoming technology. However, the results of the simulation need to be verified and assessed by emulation tested results, hoping that both results match closely with each other.