Wireless Application Protocol Research Articles

Examining the evolutionary trends of mobile banking platforms in Nigeria

This paper takes a critical review of the evolutionary trend of mobile banking platforms deployed by commercial banks in Nigeria, with the aim to recommend a more secure and robust one. It identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each and highlights the factors that led to the invention of the next succeeding one. The mobile banking platforms reviewed includes Short Messaging Service (SMS), Interactive Voice Response (IVR), Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), SIM Application Toolkit (SAT), and Application (APP) based platforms. Many of these mobile banking platforms are still utilized by most commercial banks in Nigeria today. However, it is obvious that, although most commercial banks combine two or more of the mobile banking platforms in order to get better result, there are inherent security problems and other challenges in them, which need to be addressed. Having a mobile banking platform (APPbased) with inbuilt ability to confirm a user’s authenticity before his transaction is completed, would bring a better security check and thereby bring enhancement to mobile banking transactions. The Application is made more flexible for users by allowing more than one user to use the application to transact once installed in a phone. It is as well equipped with more functionalities like including means for users to: enable/disable their SMS alerts, Change their SMS phone number, Edit their residential address, and Update their next of kin information, as their needs may arise.

A WAP-Based Concept Acquisition Teaching Model in Cleft Lip and Palate Phenotype and Embryonic Development: Functionality and Usability Study.

Taking advantage of the broad coverage of Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), we developed a Content Management System (CMS)-programmed mobile learning application. This application can help the undergraduate to obtain a comprehensive understanding of concepts in Cleft lip and palate Phenotype, and Embryonic development (CPE). The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the concept acquisition teaching model on the basis of WAP in a practical undergraduate course of CPE. The concept acquisition teaching model based on WAP was programmed by CMS, covering definitions of various cleft lip and palate, the mechanisms underlying the phenotypes, practical medical cases, as well as corresponding tests after learning. The CPE concept acquisition teaching model was distributed to a total of 524 undergraduate students and 46 tutors participated in CPE teaching from seven highly ranked schools of stomatology in China since April 2022. 524 undergraduate students and 46 tutors from seven highly ranked schools of stomatology in China. The CPE concept acquisition teaching model. The effectiveness of the CPE teaching model. The response rate to the survey was 100%. The grading of the questionnaires indicated that the students were satisfied with the usability, practicality, and outcome, whereas the tutors were more positive with the contents, cooperation, and outcome. The present study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of the WAP-based concept acquisition teaching model of CPE and a high level of satisfaction among undergraduate students and tutors who major in Stomatology.

Aplikasi WAP dengan WML, PHP & MySQL dalam Sistem Informasi Akademik

Academic Information System is a system designed to manage academic data with the application of computer technology both hardware and software so that the entire process of academic activities can be managed into useful information in the management of higher education and decision-making for decision-makers or top management. in a college environment. This system aims to support the implementation of education so that universities can provide better and more effective information services to their communities, both inside and outside the tertiary institutions via the internet. The various needs in the field of education and the regulations that surround it are so high that academic management in an educational institution becomes a very draining job of time, energy, and mind. Therefore, the academic information system was built to directly answer the problems and needs of higher education institutions for academic management quickly and without tiring. The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) allows cell phones (mobile devices) to be used to access information easily and quickly. Based on this background, the problem taken is how to create an academic information system using the WML programming language, PHP through the MYSQL database system. The aim is to find out how the WAP-based academic information presentation system can be accessed. The research method used is the method of observation, literature, or interviews with existing academic information systems. The result of this research is a WAP-based academic information system application with the collaboration of WML and PHP code scripts that are connected to the MYSQL database.

Performance Test of WAP Gateway Over Web Server Using OPNET

The Security for the portable devices such as mobile phones,iPad and laptops becoming extremely important day by day.The intermediates such as gateway are the main source for communication through wireless media. In today's era, maintaining the transport level security amongst cellular devices like mobile phones and PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) become the most burning issue.During communications of smart phones with the web server through broadband method pass communication through the gateway known as Wireless Applications Protocol. The main purpose of WAP gateway is to transfer all the protocol used in WAP to the protocols used on the internet server. The WAP proxy server uses marshalling and unmarshalling methodology for the content to reduce the size of the data that has been sent through the wireless link. Further, the communication between the mobile phones and wireless application protocol is secured by using the security protocol called WTLS. The communication between the WAP gateway and web server is secured through the TLS/SSL security protocols. This paper simulates an assessment of wireless and wired networks using OPNET simulation tools. This paper simulated 2 different scenarios comparing wireless mobile client communication using WTLS gateway MD5_RSA encryption and Firewall gateway TLS encryption using MD5_RSA.The investigation results shows how the end to end security takes place between wireless clients to web servers using hybrid security protocol.

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pencarian Alamat Rumah Sakit Di Kota Bekasi Berbasis WAP

Abstract - Current address retrieval information systems are only manually created through books or official documents such as drawing maps in the form of paper mounted on the wall or in official places in the Bekasi City neighborhood. Based on the description of the above problems, then made improvements in the field of information services. The manual address search information system will be developed into a digital (computerized) information system in the form of a Mobile Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) technology. This technology is created using srcipt html, xlm, and MySQL database. The purpose of this system planning is to provide convenience in the delivery of information searches the important addresses in the city of bekasi widely for the mobile phone users who can be accessed via the internet. Through the development of this system access to information can be done anytime and anywhere without having to deal directly with existing sources.

A Study of Consumer Attitudes towards Mobile Advertising among the Undergraduates of University of Jaffna Srilanka

Since the development of communication technology. The mobile advertisement has played a major role in the day today life. Currently around 4.9 billion people in the world own 7.19 billion mobile subscriptions, consequently as a developing country Sri Lanka the number of mobile phone use is 22.1 million. Especially youth has used the mobile devices rapidly and active with mobile advertisements. More over University undergraduates very much spend time with the mobile phones and searching the advertisements and entertainment activities via mobile phone and WAP (wireless application protocol) facilities helps to involve the UOJSL (University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka) undergraduates to more user friendly with mobile phones. In this research the deductive approach has been implemented in order to answer the research questions. Quantitative data has been collected through a questionnaire. The statements used in the questionnaire are based on previous studies and theories. The data retrieved through the questionnaire has been analysed using SPSS. The results of this study showed the UOJSL undergraduates mainly consumer based acceptance drivers and innovation based acceptance driver’s levels are highly determining on attitudes towards mobile advertising. Furthermore, it was found that the more positive the attitude toward advertising in general is, and the more the consumer likes searching for product information. The main purpose of this research was to find out what the attitudes of the UOJSL undergraduates are toward mobile advertising. The statistical results showed a positive attitude toward mobile advertising.

Security of Smart Banking Applications in Slovakia

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)1 IntroductionNowadays, in times of e-commerce and digital society, electronic banking is a part of everyday life not only in large enterprises, but also for small businesses and individual persons. In addition to the most common known form of direct banking-the Internet Banking, to the forefront gets its mobile equivalent- Smart Banking. This form of electronic banking is more suitable for smaller businesses or individuals that do not require the management of their accounts linked with the enterprise information system, or using this form for information purposes or one-time payments.The sharp increase of Smart Banking usage is natural and related to the rapid development of smart mobile devices, especially increasingly popular Android operating system, which offers a variety of applications and possibilities. However, behind the convenient application there might be some security issues hidden. Is the internet connection secure in smart devices? Are security settings of our devices adequate? What are the threats of misuse or theft of sensitive data used to access our accounts? Which applications are authentic? Is the application of our bank really safe? How does the change of system settings required by another application during installation affect the current security settings of smart device?Lots of users are unable to answer these questions. The aim of this paper is to analyze the security of Smart Banking applications in chosen Slovak banks and partly answer these questions. Furthermore, we also want to analyze issues of smart devices' security settings when using Smart Banking applications and specify parameters that affect the security of communication through smart devices when using these applications. The evaluation of these parameters introduce a security coefficient Kb on the basis of which we assess specific Smart Banking applications in the Slovak banks.2 Development of Smart BankingThe term of mobile banking is however a broader concept and from historical perspective the development of electronic banking forms includes services such as banking via Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM banking), banking via Wireless Application Protocol (WAP banking), banking via Short Message Services (SMS banking), Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) Toolkit banking, etc. The definition of mobile banking can be found in Bucko and Mihok [2] or in Stair and Reynolds [30]. Currently, the mobile form of electronic banking is the most dynamically developing form of banking in the Slovak banks. Its specific form - Smart Banking is called according to the device for which it is intended. With increasing popularity of smartphones and tablets, Smart Banking seems like a convenient solution to handle the necessary transactions and transfer orders.While using a smart phone, orders for payments or applications for loans can be placed. The development of mobile phones currently contributes to the improvement of other forms of electronic banking services, such as the Internet Banking, in which for example greater security is achieved by sending dynamically generated verification code via SMS.The number of clients using the direct banking services initially rose slowly. The reason was high cost and lack of trust in these services due to low security perceived by customers [32]. Nevertheless, the number of users' forms of electronic banking since 2005 has increased several times. According to Eurostat, roughly a quarter of the EU population uses electronic banking. The most active in this aspect are the residents of the Scandinavian countries and in the opposite there is the south of Europe, where the percentage of e-banking users is the lowest. The leader in the use of e-banking is Norway. From the post-communist countries, the Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) are at the forefront of e-banking usage.Slovakia is in the lead of the V4 countries in electronic banking usage, but within the European Union in 2006 it was at 18th place. …

Wireless vital sign telemetry to hand held computers.

Most physicians and other health care providers share/access patient information via hard copy chart records, telephone conversations, or through hospital computer networks. These modalities are cumbersome when physicians are away from the hospital and ground wiring infrastructure is not readily available. In a prior study, we used wireless in-flight telephony and the Internet to transmit vital signs from an airborne Boeing 757 to three remote locations on the ground. However, because all recipient stations relied on an institutional network to receive the information, it was not possible to transfer data to a given location beyond the hospital campus. We now propose an innovative system capable of transmitting telemetry information from any location in the globe to a single portable computer using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) technology for the Internet. Medical data including blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, end tidal CO2, oxygen saturation and EKG tracings were transferred from a G2 (digital cellular) phone linked to a hand held computer to a remote hand held device and were viewed in real time using customized software. Cellular Digital Packet Protocols (CDPD) enabled data transfer speeds up to 19,200 bps. Advances including the Internet and wireless computer technology may revolutionize the way medical information is shared, making it possible for physicians and health allies to directly access patient data from anywhere at any time.

Research on Mobile E-business Security Model based on WPKI Technology and its Application

Information has become the important and strategic resource, and social informatization has become the developing trend and core. The information safety will play an extremely important role in the information society. It is directly related to the national security, business and the normal life. Wireless Public Key Infrastrcture(WPKI) is a technology of wireless networks security, which is applied to transform the EBusiness and the Internet for shopping, banking and transacting with one another in anywhere at anytime by using the wireless devices of mobile phone, PDA, IPAD and so on. Wireless application protocol (WAP) can ensure the secure e-business services and wireless applications. So the structure, principle, security infrastructure, application model and environment of WPKI are described in detail. Then the mobile E-business security model based on WPKI Technology is proposed in this paper. It will analyze and demonstrate how the WPKI technology can provide the security services to mobile Ebusiness with similar security requirements and provide the reader with a high level technical application of the WPKI technology. And a application system provided an excellent example for demonstrating the effectiveness, and the secrecy, identity authentication and non repudiation are studied and analyzed.

Smart Tourism in 1-Click

The use and application of technology is the challenge of tourism for the XXI century. Thus, a novel application for mobile devices is deployed. Our application allows you to browse all points of interest to the user such as hotels, restaurants, attractions, etc. Our application incorporates at first instance the city of Mexico, one of the cities most visited by tourists. With respect to Mexico city we added three important features to our application. First, the user can indicate whether traveling by car or walks. Second, user can choose city area to visit, as well as the maximum distance at which he want to move. Third, our application will generate the shortest route to follow. Secondly but no less important, our application incorporates the city of Puebla, a city declared World Heritage. It support the efficiently tourists in planning their stay in Puebla City showing user a set of tourist places and services, both useful for tourists, of which user chooses those who want to know. From this set of selected places our application determines the shortest path using the traveling salesman algorithm. Also, emergency services information about all local points is available. Generation of custom path is integrated, allowing user to have Google maps with all places to visit with a true an accurate location. Finally, our application allows the user to display maps of tourist places in real time without the GPS service, instead we use GPRS via Wireless Application Protocol with the Google Maps API.

Implementation of WAP Technology in Hospital Premises: A Proposed Approach

wireless application protocol (WAP) is now the leading standard for information services and provides a better environment to significantly improve the wireless data market. In this paper, the author proposed and analyzed a novel approach for sharing & distributing information between patients and doctors in order to reduce the inconvenience and enhance quality of information in hospitals by using wireless application protocol (WAP) technology. This paper describes a WAP network for distributing information to ensure that patients and doctors can access information at any time and any location on adhoc basis; they only need a mobile phone. Patients mostly agreed WAP service is possible to utilize some of the Hospitals problems in providing useful information such as timings of doctors, booking an appointment, alerts of Lab reports, notification of medications, announcement, news and about different specialists. Also getting notification about their appointments & surgeries will benefit the doctors. Therefore, Hospital campus can provide and offer information for mobile users as value added services.

Technical Requirements of New Framework for GPRS Security Protocol Mobile Banking Application

GPRS stands out as one major development in the GSM standard that benefit from packet switched techniques to provide mobile subscribers with the much needed high bit rates for bursty data transmissions. It is possible theoretically for GPRS subscribers to use several time slots (packet data channels) simultaneously reaching a bit rate of about 170kbit/s.To meet our demands, the GPRS service has evolved from GSM to make high-speed data transmission possible, it offers high data rate packet switched connections and improves the utilization of the network and radio transmission resources, compared to the circuit switched radio transmission, GPRS allows multiple users to share one physical channel.One of the facilities that GPRS offers is connection to the Internet. Because of this facility, some banks now offer their clients access to their banking networks through GPRS as medium for switching packets to different networks that have its own security implementations. Such security implementations have been cracked and proven vulnerable. At present Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) as a data bearer protocol is the prevalent protocol offering the extra layer of security, with WAP using WTLS (WAP Transport Layer Security) as a security protocol. In this paper, we have looked into this extra layer and the security shortfalls in this layer. A framework that includes the GPRS architecture, a set of security policies, and a set of mechanism shall be proposed. Also a handshake algorithm is presented that can be used to establish a connection between MS client and MS server.

Development of Zigbee-Wifi-Wimax Hybrid Wireless Sensor Network based Telemedicine System

This paper is an outcome of an on-going research project sponsored by department of (DST), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, in which a wireless sensor network based on ZigBee-WiFi-Wi-Max hybrid wireless sensor network (WSN) has been developed. This system has been used for implementing telemedicine system as an information gateway between old age homes and nearby hospitals, for the purpose of transmitting health data wirelessly over a distance of about 20 km range. This system is developed in two separate modules, one consisting of ZigBee based WSN which is applied for wireless data transmission up to a distance of two kilometres, and the other comprises of WiFi-Wi-Max based WSN used to transmit data up to a distance of twenty kilometres. The hybrid wireless network has been tested for distance range, speed of data transfer and time delays for bulk data transfer. Several observations were collected and it has been proved experimentally that the developed system is low cost, consumes relatively low power, and transmits data efficiently without significant time delay in bulk data transmission. Another solution which has been designed and validated is to transfer all data to a database residing on web. This database can be accessed via 3G – GRPS connection on PDA, Mobile phones at any location across the globe. For areas without pre-existing physical cable or landline telephone networks, wireless application protocol (WAP) may be a viable alternative for broadband access between remote ZigBee networks and hospital information centre that has been economically unavailable. In the ZigBee-Wi-Max hybrid system first low distance information (within old age home) is transmitted wirelessly using ZigBee technology. Then this information is transferred to Web server and it can be assessed on Laptops/ Computers having internet connection, mobile phones, personnel digital assistant (PDAs) using GPRS connection. The performance of the hybrid system has been evaluated based on numeric result of testing.

Interlinking of Communication Protocols Through WAP Gateway Technologies Using Network Simulator

Communication protocols are more important to communication networks, which include internet, intelligent networks and wireless networks. The availability of consistent and high performance communication protocols has turn out to be a necessary thing in present life for us to carry out business and to exchange information effectively. This builds the exactness, robustness and performance of protocols vital for communications as that of algorithms for computer sciences. The wireless application protocol (WAP) is an rising standard for the deployment of data based applications in wireless environments. Though several components of WAP suite have been developed, it lacks in system architecture which combines software components of the internet and wireless access contexts. In this paper, focus on the essential security problem of certificate revocation to provide secures communications in WAP networks. A certificate revocation status validation scheme is proposed with the use of clustering idea, which can meet up the abovementioned necessities also the efficiency of certificate validation, thus improves the security of WAP.

Dynamic WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) Page Generation: A Proposed Solution for Small Mobile Screen and Usability Issues

Mobile commerce (M-Commerce) is a new commerce pattern in which the purchasing and vending of goods and services is completed through mobile apparatus. Or M-commerce is a business concept, which covering any practice of business transaction or information exchange using wireless and mobile technologies. WAP application is used In order to get access to the information and services in the context of mobile commerce. OBJECTIVE: The first objective of our study is to review the literature thoroughly in order to identify the various issues related to mobile commerce and WAP applications. The second objective of our study is to propose a suitable solution for the identified issues. METHOD: we have used ordinary literature review as a research methodology for the identification of various issues concern to mobile commerce and WAP applications. EXPECTED OUTCOME: The study has explored various issues related to mobile commerce and WAP applications. During the review we have identified various issues. Some of the issues are security issues, business models issues, heterogeneity issues, usability and small screen issues. Our study mainly concentrates on small screen and usability issue. A propose solution for the small screen and usability is presented. This paper addresses the small screen and usability issues of mobile commerce application. The paper proposes a new approach for designing and developing m-Commerce applications keeping in view the various screen size of different mobile devices. This technique is based on customers' mobile screen size. In order to visualize the Idea University of Malakand WAP portal has been shown on various mobile models using WinWap emulator. KeywordsCommerce, M-Commerce, WAP application, M- Commerce issues and solutions

Three Digital Platforms: Hangzhou Public Library Widens Access to Resources

This article investigates the "three digital platforms" of Hangzhou Public Library 杭州图书馆 through a discussion of information inequality, the digital divide, and community informatics. After an introduction to the context of contemporary China, and in particular Hangzhou, the authors consider the resources themselves with special reference to their ability to reduce information inequality. These resources—the "Three Platforms" referenced in the title of this essay—are: the library's Website (which can be accessed through standard browser applications), a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) service that is available to mobile users, and a unique digital television service (that is supplied in collaboration with a local cable television company). As part of this discussion, the authors provide data on the number of users and views each service has had in the time since their implementation; offer detailed information on the profile of Website use and the numbers of library patrons taking part in library activities; assess the impact of these services; and debate their implications for community informatics and digital inequality in Hangzhou. Finally, the authors discuss potential future developments.

Detecting bad information in mobile wireless networks based on the wireless application protocol

The scale of mobile wireless networks is increasing sharply. However, many websites in the WAP networks contain obscenity information, viruses, and Trojans. How to crawl, judge and locate these bad websites is a challenging problem. In this article, a WAP bad information detection system is proposed, which contains crawling, judgment and location subsystems to identify bad WAP websites. The distributed crawling is adapted to break the IP limitation of WAP networks. Text and image automatic classification are introduced in the judgment subsystem. The location subsystem can locate the bad sites and collect the evidence. The experiment results verify that our WAP bad information detection system has high efficiency and accuracy.

A Web-Based Wireless Access to Online Information System for NAFDAC

Wireless access technology has made much impact in the growth and development of corporate information systems. This paper presents how a web-to-database production tool was used to achieve a real time wireless access to NAFDAC corporate database. An online version of the database was created using MySQL along with both client and server side software that capture queries from and generate reports to remote mobile monitoring operator devices in real time. The client sends a request using a web browser in the WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) enabled mobile device and receives a response from the database. This is done by a web server, which supplies the response in a HTML format to the user’s mobile device. The system architecture and the developed software are presented. The system was implemented as an experimental set up in a laboratory.

Generating attack scenarios for the system security validation

Next Generation Network (NGN) is a completely new architectural concept for providing end-users with voice, video, and all sorts of data services. However, secure communication is a key and challenging requirement for NGN service providers. In this paper, we propose an innovative attack script generation and injection approach to evaluate the security of the communication system and consequently detect its security flaws. We apply attack modeling technique to describe the system vulnerabilities and generate system context attack scenarios. The attack scenarios are then refined to executable attack scripts which are executed by communication testing tools in charge of emulating the system attacks. The approach is applied to Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), which is a customized protocol used in resource constrained mobile devices. We performed experiments using specific attacks of the mobile protocol such as Denial of Service (DoS) and Message Truncation attacks. The experiments results demonstrate the effectiveness of the attack injection approach in the role of detecting security vulnerabilities in the communication system.

Wireless Application Protocol for Potential Threats to Mobile Agent Network Security

The wireless application protocol (WAP) protocol is now the leading standard for information services on wireless terminals like digital mobile phones. By the use of WAP, wireless devices, like mobile phones, are possibly infected with virus and worms. Though up to now there is no such attack, as the usage of script languages increases, there is a chance of malicious code injection. This paper discusses the threats with current WAP protocol, and how changes in the protocol and the increase in its usage will enable entry of real viruses. Future threat scenarios are presented along with suggestions to avoid these problems.