Wire Fiber Research Articles

Experimental study of natural fiber Jute reinforced by metal wires and its using as patch on semi-elliptical defected of the API X52 pipelines corroded according to ratio a/t

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of a hybrid patch of Jute with/without Glass fiber reinforced with Steel wire for repairing defective API X52 pipeline. Five specimens were tested using Jute fiber, Glass fiber and Steel wire to enhance the mechanical properties according to ASTM 3039 and D790 standards. The experimental results showed that the effects of hybrid materials (synthetic and natural) for repairing API X52 pipeline defect depend on the nature of the patch and the properties of the adhesive (polyester resin) by increasing the tensile strength and bending load. In the first step, specimen S5 was selected due to its distinctive mechanical properties, which revealed maximum values of tensile strength, toughness and bending load respectively 47.42014 MPa, 2357.42 kJ/m3 and 488.3 N. In the second step, the selected sample (S5) was used as a patch to repair API X52 pipeline, which has semi-elliptical defects where the bending load is 31.4246 kN. According to the obtained results, the patch efficiency is 103% for defects with a/t < 0.3, which can be, restored 100% of the mechanical properties. There fore, repairing API X52 pipeline using hybrid patch (Jute reinforced with Steel wires) with shallower defects can be a successful technique.

Mechanical and microstructural characterization of recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete having high strength and recycled tire steel wire fibers

The mechanical and microstructural properties of recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete (RAGC) that contains high-strength steel wire fibers (HSWF), recycled tire steel fibers (RTF), or a mix of the two as hybrid fibers are investigated in this study. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the study examines microstructure, flexural toughness, compressive strength, and stress–strain response. By volume, metallic fiber additions ranged from 0.5 % to 1.5 %. Results showed that the HSWF1.5 mix achieved the highest mechanical strength of 56.27 MPa at 28 days, a 16.18 % increase over the mix having no fibers i.e., the Control mix. Toughness increased by 59 % in the mix with 1.5 % hybrid fibers i.e., HF1.5 mix, underscoring the significant durability enhancement from fibers.

BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF DOUBLE-STRANDED KNOT CONFIGURATIONS IN HIGH-STRENGTH SUTURES AND TAPES: HOW MANY KNOTS ARE NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE KNOT SECURITY?

IntroductionRecently, a new dynamic high-strength round suture dynacord (DC) was introduced featuring a salt-infused silicone core attracting water in a fluid environment to preserve tissue approximation which is also available in tape form (DT). Study aims: (1) assess the influence of securing knot number on knot security of two double-stranded knot configurations (Cow-hitch and Nice-knot) tied with either dynamic (DC and DT) or conventional round sutures fiberwire (FW) and conventional suture tapes (ST), (2) compare the ultimate force and knot slippage of (a) Cow-hitch and Nice-knot and (b) DC and DT versus FW and FT at their minimal number of needed securing knots.MethodSeven specimens of each FW, ST, DC and DT were considered for tying with Cow-hitch or Nice-knots. The base of these Cow-hitch and Nice-knots were secured with surgeons’ knots using 1-3 alternating throws. Tensile tests were conducted under physiologic conditions to evaluate knot slippage, ultimate force at rupture, and minimum number of knots ensuring 100% knot securityResult100% knot security for both Cow-hitch and Nice-knots was achieved with 2 securing knots for DC, DT, ST, and with 3 securing knots for FW. With these minimum number of securing knots ultimate force was significantly higher for Nice-knots versus Cow-hitch in DT (p=0.001) and slippage was significantly higher in Cow-hitch versus Nice-knot tied with DC (p=0.019).ConclusionThe minimum number of securing knots required to achieve 100% knot security was 2 for DC, DT and ST both with Cow-hitch and Nice-knots. In contrast, 3 securing knots were needed in FW. With these minimum number of securing knots Nice-knots were associated with higher ultimate forces in DT and lower slippage in DC versus Cow-hitch knots. Furthermore, the novel self-tightening suture material (DT and DC) does not reduce slippage, which is unavoidable in all used sutures.

Effect of GBFS ratio and recycled steel tire wire on the mechanical and microstructural properties of geopolymer concrete under ambient and oven curing conditions

In this study, the effects of waste steel wire ratios, granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) ratios, and different curing methods on geopolymer concrete (GPC) were investigated. For this purpose, 12 mixtures were produced and eight of them were cured under ambient conditions and the remaining four were cured in an oven. Steel wire ratios and GBFS ratios were added to GPC as 0–1–2–3 % and 0–10–20 % by volume and weight, respectively. As a result of the mixtures, cubes, cylinders, and beams were obtained and these elements were subjected to compression, tensile, and flexural tests. As a result of the tests, the compressive strengths of the specimens were obtained as 8.5 %, 19.7 %, and 24.9 % for ambient curing and 10.4 %, 23.2 %, and 32.2 % for oven curing, respectively, as the steel wire fiber increased from 0 % to 3 %. The maximum compressive strength of the oven-cured specimen with 3 % steel wire fiber was measured as 42.56 MPa. The tensile strength of GPC also increased as the steel wire increased. The highest tensile strength was obtained with 3 % steel wire. In addition, oven curing conditions increased the tensile strength more than ambient curing. The flexural strength (FS) increased by 21.3 %, 29.4 %, and 33.8 % with increasing steel wire ratios of 1 %, 2 %, and 3 %, respectively. The FS was further increased by oven curing conditions and the maximum FS was achieved with 3 % steel wire. In ambient curing conditions, a successful geopolymerization was achieved due to the high calcium content in the samples containing 20 % GBFS. This allowed to obtain similar strengths between ambient curing and oven curing. Although the oven curing values were higher, similar results were obtained for the samples cured in an ambient containing 20 % GBFS. As a result of the study, mixtures containing 3 % steel wire and 20 % GBFS provided sufficient strength without oven curing and increased the usability of GPC under ambient conditions.

Effect of Compressive Strength and Tensile Strength Value on Fiber Concrete Using Bendrat Wire Fibers

Concrete is a material used in modern construction and is a very important component in the manufacture of structures. Concrete has advantages, but also disadvantages, namely low tensile strength. To increase the tensile strength of concrete, fibers are added to the mix. One of the efforts made to increase the tensile strength of concrete is the addition of fibers to the fiber-concrete mixture. The purpose of this study is to examine the compressive strength and tensile strength values in fiber concrete if added with variations in fiber addition. An innovation in increasing the value of mechanical quantities in concrete is the use of bent wire fibers as a mixture in fiber concrete. This material is taken from former pieces in construction projects to connect steel reinforcement with Sengkang reinforcement and is also widely found in building shops. The fibers were also analyzed for microstructure using SEM (Scanning Electron Microstructure) tools. The length of this bent wire fiber is 13 mm with a diameter of 0.82 mm and has a minimum tensile strength value of 334.5 MPa. The variations in the addition of these bent wire fibers are 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% of the total weight of the steel fiber. The soaking life of concrete is 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The results of this study show that the more variations in the addition of bent wire fibers, the compressive strength value of concrete and the tensile strength value of concrete will also increase. It can be seen that fiber concrete with an immersion life of 28 days with a variation of 9% added bent wire fiber has a maximum compressive strength value of concrete which is 63,645 MPa and a maximum value of tensile strength of 3,294 MP.

Influences of fiber orientation and process parameters on diamond wire sawn surface characteristics of 2.5D Cf/SiC composites

2.5D Cf/SiC composite materials are widely used in aerospace high-temperature components, optical system structural components and other fields due to their excellent performance. For the cutting of 2.5D Cf/SiC composites, diamond wire saw cutting process has great potential for application. In this study, experiments were conducted on cutting 2.5D Cf/SiC composites with diamond wire saw along different fiber orientations (P0°, P90°, V90°) and different process parameters. The effects of fiber orientation, feed speed, and wire speed on the surface morphology, surface waviness profile, and roughness of the as-sawn surface were analyzed. The results show that fiber orientation significantly affects the fiber damage mode and surface quality of the as-sawn surface, with the surface quality of the slices ranked as V90°>P0°>P0°. The surface morphology and surface roughness improves with decreasing feed speed and increasing wire speed. However, surface waviness profile peak-valley (PV) values increases with increasing the feed speed and wire speed. The study provides experimental references for process optimization and quality improvement in diamond wire saw cutting of 2.5D Cf/SiC composite materials.

Parallel-Stranded Spiral Structure of Artificial Muscle Based on Polyethylene Fiber and Silver-Plated Nylon Wire

Parallel-Stranded Spiral Structure of Artificial Muscle Based on Polyethylene Fiber and Silver-Plated Nylon Wire

Stabilitas Paving Block Menggunakan Plastik PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) Dengan Tambahan Serat Bendrat

Plastic waste is one of the most complex problems especially in the Parepare region. Recycling of plastic waste is rare, so the number of garbage piles increases annually. Paving block made from PET plastic waste is one form of effort to reduce the accumulation of plastic waste. The non biodegradable properties of polyethylene cause the plastic aggregate in paving block not to be easily crushed, so it can keep paving block density over a long period of time. The purpose of this study was to determine the stability and compressive strength of paving blocks made of plastic with a variation of 50% PET, 75% PET and 100% PET with bendrat wire fiber, and to find out what the proportion of plastic and sand is in the paving block mixture, which results in optimal compressive strength. The method used is the experimental trial and error method, by experimenting directly in the laboratory. The experiment in question is to make comparisons of the variables studied, so as to produce conclusions that are correlated with the variables studied. From several variations of the planned pet percentage, only 1 variation has stability, namely the 50% PET variant, and the most optimal proportion of plastic and sand is found at 50% PET. The compressive strength obtained is 14.72 MPa for the cube test object and for the paving block specimen it has a compressive strength of 10.16 MPa.

A Novel and Effective Surgical Technique for Reconstruction of Extensor Mechanism with Iliotibial Band Tendon Graft After Patellectomy for Primary Patella Tumor.

Amongst primary patella tumor Campanacci grade 3 tumor of Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) and malignant tumors requires patellectomy. We had a patient with huge recurrent GCTB of patella with involvement of skin. We reconstructed extensor mechanism of Knee with long iliotibial band (ITB) tendon graft. After patellectomy, we harvested long ITB graft (length 22cm; width proximally 6cm, distally 1.5cm) through patellectomy wound and small "L" shaped incision proximally. We passed ITB graft from patella tendon and quadriceps tendon in figure of 8 manner and sutured it back to itself and host tendon with fiber Wire and closed both the wounds primarily. We started ROM and quadriceps strengthening in graded manner. We measured functional outcome with Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) scoring system. There were no post-operative complications. At 10weeks follow up, patient had no extension lag and knee ROM was 90°. At final follow up of 7months patient regained pre-operative functional status without knee instability. Her MSTS score was 30 and she was disease free. Reconstruction of extensor mechanism of knee with ITB graft doesn't have donor site morbidity and gives excellent function with graded physiotherapy protocol.

An Experimental Study of Strength Properties of Galvanized Iron (GI) Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Abstract: Fiber Reinforced Concrete is one of the most quality construction techniques of modern times. The utilization of locally available galvanized iron or metallic fiber as a bridging material. The concrete with metallic or nonmetallic fiber is very useful and its enhanced concrete mechanical properties. Therefore, a research has been conducted to study the performance of locally available GI wire fiber reinforced concrete (GWRC). This paper presents the findings of the research that made an effort to explore several basic characteristics of GWRC primarily related to strength, ductility and durability. This research was, therefore, conducted to compare the concrete strength performance of GI fiber with different lengths and a control specimen. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of GI fiber in terms of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength with ‘Galvanized Iron’ fiber using several cutting lengths of 25 mm and 35mm with various mix proportions including 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% by weight of the concrete

Mechanical Characterization of Hybrid Steel Wire Mesh/Basalt/Epoxy Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Laminates

Hybrid composite materials have been widely used to advance the mechanical responses of fiber-reinforced composites by utilizing different types of fibers and fillers in a single polymeric matrix. This study incorporated three types of fibers: basalt woven fiber and steel (AISI304) wire meshes with densities of 100 and 200. These fibers were mixed with epoxy resin to generate plain composite laminates. Three fundamental mechanical tests (tensile, compression, and shear) were conducted according to the corresponding ASTM standards to characterize the steel wire mesh/basalt/epoxy FRP composites used as plain composite laminates. To investigate the flexural behavior of the hybrid laminates, various layer configurations and thickness ratios were examined using a design of experiments (DoE) matrix. Hybrid samples were chosen for flexural testing, and the same procedure was employed to develop a finite element (FE) model. Material properties from the initial mechanical testing procedure were integrated into plain and hybrid composite laminate simulations. The second FE model simulated the behavior of hybrid laminates under flexural loading; this was validated through experimental data. The results underwent statistical analysis, highlighting the optimal configuration of hybrid composite laminates in terms of flexural strength and modulus; we found an increase of up to 25% in comparison with the plain composites. This research provides insights into the potential improvements offered by hybrid composite laminates, generating numerical models for predicting various laminate configurations produced using hybrid steel wire mesh/basalt/epoxy FRP composites.

The Influence of Glass Fiber and Copper Wire z-Binder on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Woven Polymeric Composites

AbstractThree-dimensional composites (3D) have potential applications in various fields due to their enhanced properties compared to conventional two-dimensional composites (2D). This study investigates the effect of different volumes of z-binder made from copper wire and E-glass fiber on the mechanical properties of 3D woven polymeric composites. The tensile, flexural, and fracture toughness behavior of four types of 3D orthogonal woven composites were studied in addition to a comparative 2D composite. The creation of the 3D orthogonal single-ply fabrics involved weaving z-binders using two different copper wire diameters, single fiber bundles, and double fiber bundles, each combined with four layers of woven E-glass fiber. The consolidation process for both 2D fabric and single-fabric 3D woven composites was executed using the hand lay-up technique. The results showed that most 3D woven composites outperformed 2D composites in terms of fracture toughness (stress intensity factor KIC and energy release rate GIC) and flexural strain. However, a decrease in flexural strength and tensile properties was observed for all 3D composites. The specimen with a small copper diameter had the smallest decrease of 5% in tensile strength. Furthermore, a decrease of 9% and 21% was attained by reinforcing with double and single glass fiber bundle z-binders, respectively, as compared with 2D composites. The highest enhancement of 92.5% in flexural failure strain was attained with double glass fiber bundles of z-binder. The maximum improvement in KIC fracture toughness, reaching 126% and 101.5%, was observed in specimens with a single glass fiber bundle z-binder and those with a large copper wire diameter, respectively.

Study on the mechanism of fiber-optic hot-wire sensing based on DFB-FL thermally induced chirp effect

In this paper, we propose an intensity demodulated fiber-optic hot-wire sensing method based on the thermally induced chirp effect of distributed feedback fiber lasers. The cobalt-doped fiber is fused at the rear end of the erbium-doped distributed feedback fiber laser to constitute a hot fiber wire with a gradient temperature distribution. The cobalt-doped fiber is heated up under the excitation of the residual pump light. Then the thermally chirp of the erbium-doped phase-shifted fiber grating brings out the change of the lasing threshold condition of the distributed feedback cavity and a significant reduction of the output power. When this structure is further altered by thermal induced chirp under external thermal field, the lasing output power will be further changed. The experimental results of the dynamic fluid thermal field and the static thermal field shows that, the fiber-optic hot-wire structure can sensitively detect the weak airflow and the thermal field of the environment by monitoring the laser power.

Fish Mouth Closure of Horizontal Cleavage Tear of the Meniscus using Self-locking Modified Racking Hitch Knot (HitPat knot). - A Technical Note.

Horizontal cleavage tears (HCT) of the meniscus are treated with fish-mouth closure with sutures using different methods. Using a no. 0 fiber wire and taking bites through both the flaps using a suture passing device and tying multiple knots is a cost-effective technique. A racking hitch knot is an option for all inside repairs of HCT. It needs multiple half hitches for locking the knot. We used a modification of the racking hitch knot (HP knot), making it a self-locking knot, so it does not need half hitches. Loop of no. 0 fiber wire is passed across both the flaps of the meniscus and a modified racking hitch knot tied in one goes closing the fish mouth. This modification (HP knot) saves operative time, it is cost-effective and has the distinct advantage of a reduction in the size of the final knot construct.

Comparative Study of Inferior Pole of Patella Fracture Treated with Transosseous Technique using Modified Krackow's Technique Versus Traditional Anterior Tension Band Wiring.

The inferior pole of patella constitutes around 9.3-22% of all the patella fractures presenting to the hospital. The management of inferior pole fractures has been debated since a long from early day of partial or full patellectomy to the current dictum of open reduction and fixation because of the importance of extensor mechanism of the knee. There are various modalities of management of the inferior pole of patella fracture. The use of braided polyester wire has shown to have a higher load to failure and less implant fatigue, leading to the use of trams osseous repair technique with fiber wire as an alternative to tension ban wiring. Twenty patients were divided into two groups of 10 each: Group A comprised of patients operated with tension band wiring (TBW) and Group B with patient operated with transosseous repair. Both groups underwent the same physiotherapy postoperatively and the results were compared. Radiological outcomes and the WOMAC score of the patients are comparable in both groups. The return to full range of motion is also similar in both groups with similar physiotherapy given in both groups. This shows that with careful patient selection transosseous repair can be used as an alternative to TBW.

Biomechanical Comparison of Banarji Knot with Various Sliding Locking Knots

Abstract Background: The most essential part of arthroscopic shoulder surgery is tying a secure knot. A knot should be a low profile, nonbulky, and more stable construct. In the present research, we have compared the biomechanical performance of the new sliding locking knot-the Banarji knot, with two different sliding locking knots: The Samsung Medical Centre (SMC) Knot and the Weston Knot. Methods: Two samples of arthroscopic sliding locking knot, Banarji knot with three and five half hitches were taken. They were named Banarji Knots 1 and 2 in the study. The SMC Knot and Weston Knot were taken for comparison with the Banarji Knot. All knots were prepared with high-strength suture material fiber wire (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) and were tested in Bose Testing Machine to evaluate the load to failure of knots taken in the research. The statistical significance was determined using a P = 0.05. Results: The maximum load to failure was higher with the Banarji Knot, and it showed significantly better performance when compared with other knots taken in this study. The maximum load to failure in Banarji Knot 1 was 23% and 17% higher than SMC Knot and Weston groups, respectively, and that for Banarji Knot 2 was 29% and 22% higher than SMC and Weston groups, respectively. Conclusion: The Banarji knot is a low-profile, stronger, and stable knot. The biomechanical properties of the Banarji knot were better, and the load to failure was superior to SMC and Weston Knot.

Limited open repair for achilles tendon rupture in the setting of co-morbidities: A case series and technique review

An acute Achilles tendon rupture poses a difficult treatment strategy in both young and old patients. Commonly considered an injury of the middle aged “weekend warrior,” an Achilles tendon tear in a sedentary patient is quite debilitating. An open surgical repair has many advantages including direct tendon visualization as well as the ability to interlock the suturing technique. Unfortunately, the extensive incision needed for proper tendon exposure creates a tenuous scenario primed for an increased risk of complications. The classic surgical incision disrupts the paratenon, the main blood supply to the watershed area of the tendon at the rupture site which is the weakest point of the repair. The minimal subcutaneous layer between the distal skin incision and the tendon has notoriously been a site of dehiscence. An infection in this area spreads quickly along the tendon planes with devasting consequences. These grave complications have led to a paradigm shift in repair techniques. Minimally invasive procedures utilize a percutaneous jig suturing system placed through a small incision at the site of rupture. Unfortunately, a distinct set of complications are associated with blind placement of fiber wire including sural nerve entrapment and incomplete tendon capture in the repair technique. A new technique merges the advantages of a small incision with the ability to directly visualize the tendon repair. The paratenon is maintained at the rupture site while being able to utilize an asymmetric offset classic suturing technique to add strength to the repair.

Experimental Study and Numerical Analysis of Temperature Stress in Carbon Fiber-Heated Concrete Pavement

Carbon fiber heating technology has been widely used in pavement surfaces in practical engineering projects as an environmentally friendly, efficient, and safe ice melting technique. However, the current design of carbon fiber-heated pavement focuses primarily on the ice melting effect while neglecting the crucial mechanical performance evaluation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the temperature and thermal strain distributions of concrete pavement through model tests and develop a corresponding three-dimensional numerical model to analyze the temperature stress field distribution of carbon fiber-heated pavement. The accuracy of the numerical model is verified by comparing the model test results with the numerical analysis results. The numerical model test results indicate that the maximum compressive stress near the carbon fiber wire is 4 MPa, while the maximum tensile stress between the two carbon fiber wires is 1 MPa. According to the design standard for highway cement concrete pavement, the temperature stress induced by temperature change is significantly lower than the design value of the material’s inherent strength. In addition, a linear relationship between the depth and temperature gradient affecting temperature stress is observed after establishing a correlation between the temperature gradient and temperature stress. The findings of this study can provide valuable insight into the design of carbon fiber-heated concrete pavements.

Arthroscopic ACL Avulsion Fixation With Adjustable Loop Length Cortical Endobutton

Various surgical management techniques have been introduced to treat anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures. There is disagreement among orthopedic surgeons about which fixation device to use during arthroscopy. Recently, there has been an increase in the use of arthroscopic techniques for fixation, and different devices such as sutures, screws, and fiber wires are being considered. The development of fiber wires has made it possible to use them in comminuted avulsions with satisfactory stability, whereas screws cannot be used in such cases. Sutures do not provide adequate stability for early range of motion compared to other methods. The article then goes on to describe a specific arthroscopic fixation technique that uses an adjustable loop cortical button to manage the avulsed fragment and provide stability.

Arthroscopic Reduction and Fixation with Fiber Wire Suture Tape for PCL Avulsion Fractures.

The internal and external rotation over 90° of flexion is restricted by posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). PCL also restricts posterior translation of tibia at all angles of flexion. The purpose of this study was to compare preoperative and postoperative functional outcomes (Lysholm scores and IKDC scores) in patients with PCL avulsion injuries managed with fixation by fiber wire suture tape. This was a prospective cohort study. The study group included 20 patients with PCL avulsion injuries with a mean age of 49.5years (12 males and 8 females). All patients underwent treatment with high-strength 2-0 fiber tape tied around the PCL tibial insertion under arthroscopy for reduction and fixation. There was increase in Lysholm score of 20 follow-up patients, from preoperative 36.9 ± 3.9 to a postoperative score of 96.1 ± 3.5. An increase in IKDC scores to 95.4 ± 3.1 from 52.9 ± 9.2 was also seen. Significant differences were found between preoperative and postoperative values. 19 patients regained function and one patient required manipulation under anesthesia. Satisfactory reduction was showed in X-ray and 3D CT scan for all 20 patients. If the PCL avulsion fracture injury is not identified and adequately treated, it can cause serious morbidity. Although newer studies demonstrate equivalent functional outcomes with arthroscopic treatment, open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) with Cortico-Cancellous (CC) screw fixation is still a common treatment option. Improve postoperative functional outcome with minimal complications, author recommends PCL avulsion fracture fixation with arthroscopic fiber wire suture tape.