Winter Greenhouse Research Articles

Effects of different straw breeding substrates on the growth of tomato seedlings and transcriptome analysis.

Traditional substrate cultivation is now a routine practice in vegetable facility breeding. However, finding renewable substrates that can replace traditional substrates is urgent in today's production. In this study, we used the 'Pindstrup' substrate as control and two types of composite substrates made from fermented corn straw (i.e. 0-3 and 3-5mm) to identify appropriate substrate conditions for tomato seedling growth under winter greenhouse conditions. Seedling growth potential related data and substrate water content related data were tested to carry out data-oriented support. Since the single physiological data cannot well explain the mechanism of tomato seedlings under winter greenhouse condition, transcriptomic analysis of tomato root and leaf tissues were conducted to provide theoretical basis. The physiological data of tomato seedlings and substrate showed that compared with 0-3mm and Pindstrup substrate, tomato seedlings planted in 3-5mm had stronger growth potential and stronger water retention, and were more suitable for planting tomato seedlings. Transcriptome analysis revealed a greater number of DEGs between the Pindstrup and the 3-5mm. The genes in this group contribute to tomato growth as well as tomato stress response mechanisms, such as ABA-related genes, hormone-related genes and some TFs. The simulation network mechanism diagram adds evidence to the above conclusions. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential benefits of using the fermented corn straw of 3-5mm for growing tomato seedlings and present a novel method of utilizing corn straw.

Performance analysis of micro heat pipe PV/T within and outside the greenhouse in northwest China

The study investigates the performance of a micro heat pipe (MHP) photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system operating with R141b as the working fluid under the climatic conditions of Lanzhou, situated in the northwest region of China—a locale noted for its high solar insolation. This study operates the PV/T system in the greenhouse, improving system performance while addressing the issue of wind and sand adhering to the surface of PV/T panels in the northwest region, which affects system performance. Empirical analysis was conducted in summer and winter to ascertain the system's performance. Results indicated that the PCE in winter inside and outside the greenhouse were found to be 7.1% and 13.1%, respectively, while the summer season values were 6.5% and 12.3%, respectively. Notably, the average thermal power generated within the greenhouse during winter was measured at 464.8 W/m2, surpassing the outdoor average thermal power by 61.9 W/m2; similarly, in summer, the internal thermal power was 313.9 W/m2, exceeding the external by 51.7 W/m2. The total efficiency was the highest inside the greenhouse in summer, at 61.5%, while the lowest total efficiency was observed outside the greenhouse in winter, at 34.3%.

Coupled system for underground heating exchange and solar heat-humidity regulation in greenhouse: Experimental study and simulation analysis

In winter, greenhouses located in mid to high latitudes are required a function of dehumidification and warming due to the low outdoor temperature. Focusing on small spires greenhouses, this study regulates the low temperature and high humidity environment inside the greenhouse and proposes a new-type of greenhouse heat and humidity regulation system by combining composite solid desiccant dehumidification with ground heat exchange system. The greenhouse internal environment is warmed and dehumidified at night by utilizing the adsorption effect of the compound dehumidifier and the sensible heat exchange between the heat exchange system in the ground and the greenhouse. Solar thermal energy is collected during the day using multi-curved tank collector (MTC) for thermal storage in the geothermal system and desiccant desorption. The rationality of pipeline layout is verified through CFD simulation, and the indoor temperature and humidity distribution during the system operation is explored. The experimental results show that the moisture adsorption capacity of the composite desiccant SG-CaCl2 for 10h is 0.511 g/g. The optimal regeneration temperature is 80–100 °C. This system can reduce the nighttime relative humidity of the greenhouse in winter from 96.5 % to 83.6 %, and the average indoor air temperature after warming is 12.8 °C. The heat exchange efficiency of the underground heating exchange system is 0.38. During the desorption phase on daytime, the maximum outlet temperature of MTC is 103.8 °C, and the average heat collection efficiency is 0.42. The system can effectively regulate the air environment in the greenhouse to the appropriate zone for crop growth by combining solar thermal collector technology with recyclable solid dehumidification technology.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhanced resistance to low-temperature weak-light stress in snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) through physiological and transcriptomic responses.

Low temperature (LT) and weak light (WL) seriously affects the yield and quality of snapdragon in winter greenhouse. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) exert positive role in regulating growth and enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms by AMF improve the LT combined with WL (LTWL) tolerance in snapdragon remain mostly unknown. We compared the differences in root configuration, osmoregulatory substances, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant enzyme defense systems and transcriptome between AMF-inoculated and control groups under LT, WL, low light, and LTWL conditions. Our analysis showed that inoculation with AMF effectively alleviated the inhibition caused by LTWL stress on snapdragon root development, and significantly enhanced the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, proline, thereby maintaining the osmotic adjustment of snapdragon. In addition, AMF alleviated reactive oxygen species damage by elevating the contents of AsA, and GSH, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR). RNA-seq analysis revealed that AMF regulated the expression of genes related to photosynthesis (photosystem I related proteins, photosystem II related proteins, chlorophyll a/b binding protein), active oxygen metabolism (POD, Fe-SOD, and iron/ascorbate family oxidoreductase), plant hormone synthesis (ARF5 and ARF16) and stress-related transcription factors gene (bHLH112, WRKY72, MYB86, WRKY53, WRKY6, and WRKY26) under LTWL stress. We concluded that mycorrhizal snapdragon promotes root development and LTWL tolerance by accumulation of osmoregulatory substances, activation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems, and induction expression of transcription factor genes and auxin synthesis related genes. This study provides a theoretical basis for AMF in promoting the production of greenhouse plants in winter.

Interrelationships of CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes in snow-covered temperate soils, Northern Japan

This study focuses on assessing the concentrations, fluxes, and production rates of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) in a cold temperate grassland soil underlying snowpack during the winter of 1996/7 in northern Japan. Results included mean ± standard deviation (range) correlation coefficients (R2) for CO2–CH4 concentrations and CO2–N2O concentrations of 0.93 ± 0.07 (0.81–0.99) and 0.96 ± 0.06 (0.83–0.99) for winter, and 0.74 ± 0.17 (0.55–0.92) and 0.96 ± 0.05 (0.88–0.99) for summer, respectively. This suggests close relationships between the mechanisms of CO2 and N2O production and the oxidation of CH4, which are influenced by factors such as oxygen availability, temperature, and moisture in the soil. Furthermore, the study found that winter fluxes of CO2–CH4 and CO2–N2O through the snowpack showed positive linear correlations. Winter CO2 emissions accounted for 96 % of the variability in CH4 oxidation and 77 % of the variability in N2O emissions. This demonstrates that winter CO2 emissions were affected to the magnitude of CH4 oxidations and N2O emissions in the soil. These findings have implications for the modification of terrestrial ecosystem models in temperate regions, particularly in assessing contributions from winter greenhouse gas fluxes to overall annual emissions. Understanding the interrelationships and dynamics of greenhouse gases throughout the year is crucial for accurate modeling and predictions of ecosystem responses to climate change.

Bumblebee Foraging Dynamics and Pollination Outcomes for Cherry Tomato and Pear Varieties in Northern China.

Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) have strong environmental adaptability and high pollen transfer efficiency, making them well-suited pollinators of economic crops. However, bumblebee pollination is still not widely applied in northern China due to the lack of data on foraging behavior and pollination effects. We conducted a three-year experiment involving cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and pears (Pyrus spp.) treated with bumblebee pollination to evaluate the foraging behavior and pollination effects on these two crops. Results showed that B. terrestris had enhanced foraging activities as daytime temperatures rose from 18 °C to 26 °C, as indicated by the increased number of bees leaving the hive and returning bees carrying pollen in greenhouses in winter. There were two peaks in the foraging activity of bumblebees in pear orchards in early spring, which was closely related to the temperature change in the daytime. Undoubtedly, cherry tomatoes treated with B. terrestris had higher fruit setting rate, weight, seed number, and fruit yields compared to those with hormone 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid treatments, as well as a lower rate of deformed fruits. B. terrestris pollination can significantly increase the fruit setting rate and fruit yield of pears, compared with open pollination, and can fully achieve the effect of hand pollination. B. terrestris pollination can improve cultivation efficiency, increase yield, and produce more economic benefits. Moreover, it can also contribute to reducing hormone residues and ensure the safety of agricultural products. We recommend its application to cherry tomatoes in greenhouses in winter and potential application to pears in orchards in early spring in northern China. However, the risk to local bumblebee species of introducing commercially available bumblebees into orchards should be considered and evaluated in future research. This study provides both empirical support and a theoretical basis for the selection of bumblebees as pollinators in the production of economically important crops and the improvement of crop cultivation management in northern China.

A novel integration of supplementary photovoltaic module into compound parabolic concentrator for accelerated defrosting of solar collecting system

In order to improve the temperature of solar greenhouse in winter and reduce the cost and energy consumption of traditional heating methods for solar greenhouse. This study presents a novel compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) coupled with a supplementary photovoltaic (SPV) module for soil heating in solar greenhouse. Firstly, a novel SPV-CPC was designed and its optical model was established by TracePro. The optical and thermal performance of the novel SPV-CPC and the traditional CPC under the same conditions were compared. The results indicate that the SPV module can intercept and utilize the escaping rays when the incident angle is large, for example, at the incident angle of 15°, the light receiving ratio of the novel SPV-CPC and traditional CPC are 78.50 % and 61.50 % respectively. In particular, the SPV module can effectively capture rays in early morning of winter to accelerate the defrosting on the glass cover. Under sunny days, the solar heat collection performance of the SPV-CPC is similar to that of the traditional CPC, and their photothermal conversion efficiencies are 54.61 % and 54.05 %, respectively. However, owing to the SPV module, the overall primary-energy saving efficiency of the SPV-CPC is 64.09 %.

Optimized Design of Irrigation Water-Heating System and Its Effect on Lettuce Cultivation in a Chinese Solar Greenhouse.

In cold regions, the low irrigation water temperature is an important factor of low-temperature stress for greenhouse crops. In this paper, an irrigation water-heating system (IWHS) is proposed to increase the water temperature by utilizing the excess heat in the solar greenhouse. The heat-collection capacity of the system was analyzed by screening the IWHS process parameters in a Chinese solar greenhouse, and a warm-water irrigation experiment for lettuce was conducted. The results demonstrated that the water temperature increased with the increase in wind speed, and the increase in daily average water temperature reached the maximum value of 8.6 °C at 4.5 m/s wind speed. When the heat exchanger was installed at a height of 3.0 m, the collector capacity increased by 17.8% and 6.0% compared with the heating capacity at 0 m and 1.5 m, respectively, and the operation termination water temperature was 22.0-32.2 °C and its coefficient of performance (COP) was optimal. Surface darkening of the heat exchanger did not affect the heat-collection capacity of the system. Using the IWHS effectively improved the temperature of lettuce irrigation water in the Chinese solar greenhouse. The increased frequency of warm-water irrigation significantly promoted lettuce growth and increased the average yield per plant by 15.9%. Therefore, IWHS effectively increased the irrigation water temperature in a Chinese solar greenhouse in winter. Improving the system would enhance its economic and application value.

Carbonated balsa-based shape-stable phase change materials with photothermal conversion and application in greenhouse

Greenhouse enables to promote plant yield through creating optimal environment. Efficient solar energy conversion and storage is a promising strategy to address energy shortage issue of greenhouse in winter. This paper prepares form-stable composite phase change materials (PCMs) to store solar energy efficiently. Lightweight and porous balsa wood subjected to high-temperature carbonization is designed to simultaneously solve the liquid leakage, enhance the thermal conductivity, and improve the photothermal conversion and thermal energy storage of PCM. OP44E and SEBS are utilized as PCM and thickener, followed by vacuum impregnation into the carbonized balsa wood (CW). Results indicate that carbon content of CW increases with the augment of carbonization temperature. Shaping effects of CW and SEBS endow composite PCMs to have highest adsorption rate of 92.7 wt% with enthalpy over 190 J/g. Composite PCMs reveal reliable thermal properties and thermal stability below 100 °C. Composite PCMs have photothermal conversion larger than 88 % under a xenon lamp radiation. Temperature of PCMs on the shallow layer is higher owing to its photothermal conversion capacity. Greenhouse test indicates that CW/OP44E/SEBS greenhouse gains higher PCM temperature of 71.5 °C at 70 min, compared to 40.3 °C in empty and OP44E/SEBS cases. CW/OP44E/SEBS greenhouse maintaining indoor temperature over 20 °C lasts 15.3 min longer than empty and OP44E/SEBS greenhouses. In addition, form-stable composite PCMs featured with excellent thermal stability and photothermal conversion are capable of maintaining stable indoor temperature of greenhouse, indicating potential in the field of agricultural building temperature regulation.

Model Predictive Control of Humidity Deficit and Temperature in Winter Greenhouses: Subspace Weather-Based Modelling and Sampling Period Effects

Generally, windows in greenhouses are automatically opened and closed to regulate the internal temperature. However, because the air outside during the winter in Japan is dry, opening windows to reduce the temperature causes the humidity deficit to increase above 6 g/m3, thereby inhibiting plant growth. Therefore, in this study, we developed a model that considers the effects of weather and the sampling period using a subspace (N4SID) method based on environmental data from inside and outside a greenhouse during winter. By adopting a data-driven model, models for greenhouse temperature and humidity deficits can be constructed conveniently. First, four models incorporating weather conditions were constructed over a 28-day modelling period. Moreover, the average root mean square error values from 8:00 to 16:00 during the 10-day model evaluation period were examined. Subsequently, model predictive controllers were developed from the four models with sampling periods of 1, 2, 4, and 8 min, and their performances were compared over the model evaluation period. The model predictive controller with a sampling period of 4 min was the most energy-efficient, achieving control of the humidity deficit of up to at most 6 g/m3 (close to the target value of 4.5 g/m3) while maintaining the target temperature of 26 °C.

Economic and biological potential of indeterminate cherry tomato hybrids in winter greenhouses

Economic and biological potential of indeterminate cherry tomato hybrids in winter greenhouses

Economic efficiency of cultivation of indeterminant hybrids of cherry tomatoes in winter greenhouses of the steppe area of Ukraine

Economic efficiency of cultivation of indeterminant hybrids of cherry tomatoes in winter greenhouses of the steppe area of Ukraine

The effect of root fertilizing with organic mineral fertilizer BioEcoss on the vegetable pepper plants development in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory

The article presents the results of studies conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of BioEcoss fertilizers in various concentrations in hot vegetable pepper cultivation. The experiment was conducted in 2022/2023 in a glazed winter greenhouse, geographically located in the Kuban State Agrarian University Botanical Garden, Krasnodar. The object of research is the variety of hot vegetable pepper “Pikovaya Dama” (“Queen of Spades”). It was found that the introduction of the studied organomineral fertilizer in any studied concentration (from 1% to 3%) accelerated the plants flowering onset and fruits biological ripeness compared with the control, increased productivity and average fruit weight. The highest fertilizer concentration in the experiment (3%) contributed to earlier fruit harvest dates (earlier than the control for 18 days), fruiting period extension, increase in fruits number on branches of the first and second order to 10 pieces (at the control – 7), fruits average weight increase. The yield in this variant of the experiment was 0.66 kg / m2, which was higher than the control by 0.42 kg / m2, other variants with the addition of a less concentrated solution – by 1.4-2.1 times. The use of fertilizers in any concentration contributed to 100% marketability of fruits.

Environmental impact of Danish organic tomatoes grown in greenhouses: Quantifying the reduction potential from changes in energy supply towards 2030

The demand for organic food products, including tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum, L. 1753), is growing. Heated greenhouse production is well described through life cycle assessment (LCA), but inventories reflecting organic production conditions are inadequate or missing. At the same time, energy systems in Europe are changing, which is expected to have a considerable impact on the emissions from the energy intensive greenhouse production. Thus, this study is assessing the current environmental impacts using LCA of an organic tomato production in a heated greenhouse, and estimate the expected changes to impacts due to changes in energy supply. The assessment is based on activity data from a commercial greenhouse production. Current organic tomato production where plants are transplanted into the greenhouse in the late winter has impacts of 1.06 kg CO2 eq., 7.22 × 10−4 N eq., 3.49 × 10−5 kg Sb eq., and result in 3.12 kg C deficit from land use while consuming 24.58 MJ of energy per kg organic tomato. The impacts from earlier started tomato cultures are higher, as increased yield does not remedy increased energy use. The result from current production shows that direct energy consumption is responsible for the main impact on climate change (78%), cumulative energy demand (75%), marine eutrophication (56%) and land use (62%). However, expected future changes in the energy system towards 2030 are likely to reduce life cycle environmental impacts considerably (reduction potential for climate change impact: 69%, cumulative energy demand: 48%, eutrophication potential: 47%, mineral, fossil and renewable resource depletion: 4%, land use: 48%) as intensity of the energy supply changes. Mitigation options such as increased energy efficiency, alternative heat sources and agronomic management decisions are further discussed.

Spotlight on Eupeodes americanus: Oviposition and fertility under HPS- and full spectrum LED-extended photoperiod in northern greenhouses

In northern temperate regions, high-pressure sodium vapor (HPS) or light-emitting diode (LED) lights for supplemental lighting in winter greenhouses are used to extend the photoperiod and increase plant production. These different greenhouse light treatments influence crop pests and their natural enemies. In this study, different greenhouse light treatments were evaluated for their effect on the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its predator the American hoverfly, Eupeodes americanus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Syrphidae). In particular, the development of M. persicae and the oviposition and egg hatchability of E. americanus were studied under three light treatments in winter greenhouse: 1) short photoperiod of natural sunlight, and extended photoperiod using either 2) full spectrum LED or 3) HPS lights. The results showed that both extended photoperiod treatments significantly increased M. persicae population growth by 103–130 %, after 12 days compared to short photoperiod of sunlight. Compared to the winter short photoperiod of sunlight, extending the photoperiod did not affect the oviposition of female hoverflies in terms of fecundity, fertility, and niche use (i.e., position of eggs on the plant). Nevertheless, extended photoperiod significantly increased the egg hatchability of E. americanus by 9 % (HPS) and 16 % (LED) compared to short photoperiod of sunlight. This treatment had the highest proportion of unhatched eggs (13 %). Finally, LED lights decreased the proportion of unhatched eggs by 71 % compared to HPS lights. This study, therefore, confirms the potential of the American hoverfly as a biological control agent in winter greenhouses, both with or without artificial light.

Deep winter greenhouses for organic production of leafy greens in the northern United States

Deep winter greenhouses for organic production of leafy greens in the northern United States

An earth-air heat exchanger integrated with a greenhouse in cold-winter and hot-summer regions of northern China: Modeling and experimental analysis

This study aimed to investigate the thermal performance of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers (EAHE) in greenhouses in northern China's cold winter and hot summer regions. The experiment was conducted in two identical greenhouses (with and without an EAHE), and a mathematical and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation model was established to predict the air temperature inside the greenhouse and heat exchanger outlets and verified with measured data. Parametric analysis was also performed, and the effect of long-period application was evaluated. The results showed that the data calculated by the model agreed well with the experimental data. The average differences between the inlet and outlet air temperatures of the EAHE, daily average heat exchange capacity, and coefficient of performance (COP) was 9.26 ℃, 18.86 MJ, and 22.49 in winter, respectively, while in summer, they were 10.55 ℃, 18.78 MJ, and 23.52, respectively. The night-time temperature of the greenhouse increased by 1.43 °C during winter, while the temperature during summer daytime was reduced by 2.10 ℃. An increase in the pipe length improves the heat exchange efficiency, the heat exchange mainly occurs in the first half of the horizontal pipe, and the increase in air velocity and operation time will reduce the heat exchange efficiency. In conclusion, the system was proposed as a viable auxiliary device for greenhouse heating and cooling in cold winter and hot summer regions and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The system is recommended to be arranged outdoors for cooling and indoors for heating.

Identification and Expression Profiling of the 5-HT Receptor Gene in Harmonia axyridis.

It has been found that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) modulates the feeding of some insects, and this phenomenon was found in Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) by our previous study. An understanding of the 5-HT system in this beetle is helpful for utilizing 5-HT to modulate its predation to improve biological control efficiency, especially in greenhouses in winter in north China. This is because 5-HT influences diapause in insects by modulating the synthesis and release of prothoracic hormone (PTTH) and, therefore, influences feeding. To elucidate the molecular basis of the H. axyridis 5-HT system, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic tree construction were used to identify the 5-HT receptor in H. axyridis, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression pattern of these receptor genes in different developmental stages and in the nervous system (brain + ventral nerve cord), digestive tract, pectoral muscles, and gonads of the adult ladybird. The results showed that four 5-HT receptors were identified in H. axyridis, named 5-HT1AHar, 5-HT1BHar, 5-HT2Har, and 5-HT7Har. The four receptors were expressed at high levels in the adult stage, especially in 2-day-old adults, with expression levels of 18.72-fold (male) and 14.21-fold (female) of that in eggs for 5-HT1A, 32.27-fold (male) and 83.58-fold (female) of that in eggs for 5-HT1B, 36.82-fold (male) and 119.35-fold (female) of that in eggs for 5-HT2, and 165.47-fold (male) and 115.59-fold (female) of that in eggs for 5-HT7. The level of expression decreased with the advance of day-age in adults. The levels of expression of 5-HT1BHar, 5-HT2Har, and 5-HT7Har were low at the egg, larval, and pupal stages, and 5-HT1AHar was not expressed in the larval stage. The four receptors were expressed in the nervous system, digestive tract, pectoral muscles, and male and female gonads. The 5-HT1AHar was expressed at a high level in the pectoral muscle (6.75-fold of that in the nervous system), 5-HT1BHar in male gonads (1.02-fold of that in the nervous system) and the nervous system, 5-HT2Har in male gonads (5.74-fold of that in the nervous system), and 5-HT7Har in the digestive tract (1.81-fold of that in the nervous system). The results of this study will lay a foundation for research on the function of the 5-HT receptor by RNA interference in the regulation of predation by H. axyridis.

Effect of Cladding Material and Date of Transplanting on Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Broccoli During Winter in High Altitude Ladakh, India

Broccoli is a cool-season crop. The optimum temperature for initiation of flowering and head growth is 15-20°C. Due to subfreezing temperatures at night, the crop is not traditionally cultivated in winter in the high-altitude Ladakh region. We found that growing broccoli in a passive solar greenhouse in winter is feasible. The choice of greenhouse cladding material and the date of transplanting are important factors that need to be considered. The mean marketable head weight of the cv. Fiesta and KTS-1 in a passive solar trench greenhouse with polycarbonate cladding material transplanted on 8 September were 403±106 and 169±100 g, respectively. Delayed transplanting on 8 October did not produce any marketable head. Covering the greenhouse with a polyethylene sheet did not result in marketable heads on both transplanting dates. We anticipate our study to be a starting point for researchers and the farming community to optimize the greenhouse production of broccoli during freezing winter-months in high-altitude regions.

Study on hot air heating characteristics of greenhouse in cold region

Agriculture is the main industry in northeast China. As an important part of facility agriculture, agricultural greenhouses are playing a more and more important role. Due to geographical location, Northeast China is cold in winter, and the solar radiation energy is less, therefore, the large-span greenhouses commonly used in northeast China are prone to uneven temperature and insufficient heating. In this paper, in order to solve the phenomenon of uneven air flow field, humidity field and temperature field in greenhouse, based on AIRPAK simulation, four kinds of hot air heating return air modes, such as upper air supply and lower air return mode, lower air supply and upper air return mode, two-side air supply mode and left air supply and right air return mode, we explored the influence of temperature field, humidity field and air flow field in greenhouse. The results showed that the heat load of the greenhouse in winter is 161.51 kW, using two-side air supply mode is the best way. The air supply wind speed is 1.6 m/s, and the return wind speed is 3.1 m/s. The environment of the greenhouse can be maintained at about 15°C day and night, and the relative humidity is relatively uniform. In the crop growing area, the wind speed is between 0 m/s and 0.25 m/s. According to this research, suitable crops can be selected for reasonable planting and distribution in the greenhouse to maximize productivity.