Wind-resistant Design Research Articles

Simulation of the Neutral Atmospheric Flow Using Multiscale Modeling: Comparative Studies for SimpleFoam and Fluent Solver

The reproduced planetary boundary layer (PBL) wind is commonly applied in downscaled simulations using commercial CFD codes with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence modeling. When using the turbulent inlets calculated by numerical weather prediction models (NWP), adjustments of the turbulence eddy viscosity closures and wall function formulations are concerned with maintaining the fully developed wind profiles specified at the inlet of CFD domains. The impact of these related configurations is worth discussing in engineering applications, especially when commercial codes restrict the internal modifications. This study evaluates the numerical performances of open-source OpenFOAM 2.3.0 and commercial Fluent 17.2 codes as supplementary scientific comparisons. This contribution focuses on the modified turbulence closures to incorporate turbulent profiles produced from mesoscale PBL parameterizations and the modified wall treatments relating to the roughness length. The near-ground flow features are evaluated by selecting the flat terrains and the classical Askervein benchmark case. The improvement in near-ground wind flow under the downscaled framework shows satisfactory performance in the open-source CFD platform. This contributes to engineers realizing the micro-siting of wind turbines and quantifying terrain-induced speed-up phenomena under the scope of wind-resistant design.

A physical stochastic model of near-surface fluctuating wind fields

Modeling and simulation of atmospheric turbulence in coastal areas has emerged as a prominent area of research in recent years. This study presents a physical stochastic model to describe the horizontal coherence of fluctuating wind fields within the physical stochastic modeling frame. Based on the one-dimensional stochastic Fourier spectrum and isotropic turbulence theory, the horizontal coherence for fluctuating wind fields is expressed as a random function, with its probability information determined by the physical mechanism/background. The proposed physical stochastic model directly depicts the stochastic time series thereby enabling it to capture all probability information in detail comprehensively. The proposed model is numerically validated with the measured data obtained from an observation array constructed in Southeast China. This investigation holds significant potential for its application in wind-resistance design and reliability assessment of long-span structures.

Effects of turbulence intensity and integral length scale on wind-induced vibrations of a three-dimensional aeroelastic square cylinder

Despite a wealth of prior research on the effects of free-stream turbulence (FST) on the aerodynamics of square cylinders, there is limited knowledge about their aeroelasticity such as characteristics of wind-induced vibrations that vary with the FST properties. This paper focuses on the investigation of the effects of FST properties including longitudinal turbulence intensity and integral length scale on the wind-induced vibrations of a three-dimensional (3D) aeroelastic square cylinder with an aspect ratio of 10 (a super-tall building model). Through wind tunnel testing, displacements of the aeroelastic model are measured in smooth flow and four turbulent flows to experimentally investigate its characteristics of fluid-solid interaction, including along- and across-wind vibrations, especially vortex-induced vibration and galloping. The effects of the turbulence intensity with a higher-level than previous studies are also investigated. The results show that the root-mean-square (RMS) displacements of the along-wind responses increase with the increase of turbulence intensity and are not affected by integral length scale. For the across-wind responses, in the non-lock-in region, the RMS displacements generally increase with the increase of turbulence intensity. In the lock-in region, the RMS displacements remain unchanged with the increase of turbulence intensity, while increase with the increase of integral length scale. This paper aims to improve the comprehension of the effects of FST on the wind-induced vibrations of 3D square cylinders and to furnish valuable insights for the wind-resistant design of slender structures, such as supertall buildings.

Experimental investigations on the influence of bridge deck gratings on the aerodynamic stability of the long-span suspension footbridge with a streamlined double-side box girder

In the complex wind environment of canyon regions, different kinds of bridge deck gratings (BDGs) are often used as novel aerodynamic countermeasures to improve the wind-resistance performance of long-span suspension footbridges. However, how to design reasonable BDGs to effectively improve the aerodynamic stability of long-span suspension footbridges is still an urgent problem to be solved, and there is no literature reporting on it. Therefore, in this study, according to a long-span suspension footbridge with a streamlined double-side box girder (SDSBG) and BDGs, the section models with different percentages of opening (β) and layouts of BDGs were made, and then the force- and vibration-measured tests were performed to study the influence of the layouts and β of BDGs on the aerostatic and flutter stability. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of BDGs on the flutter stability was investigated, and the optimal β and layouts of BDGs were also proposed. So, it is found that: when 0% ≤ β ≤ 22% (especially β = 11%), BDGs are unfavorable to the aerodynamic stability; when β ≥ 44%, the aerodynamic stability can be significantly improved by using BDGs; moreover, the layouts of Cases O (β reaches the maximum) and S (two strips of BDGs installed along the longitudinal direction) are more beneficial to the aerodynamic stability. Therefore, the optimal β and layouts of BDGs beneficial to the aerodynamic stability are β ≥ 44% and the layouts of Cases O and S, respectively, and the studies in this manuscript can provide a meaningful reference for the wind resistance design of long-span suspension footbridges in the future.

Equivalent static wind load based on displacement mode and load combination for high‐rise buildings

AbstractUnder the action of the fluctuating wind load, the low frequency part produces background response to the structures, while the high frequency part produces resonance response to the structures. In structural design, equivalent static wind load is usually used to equate the fluctuating wind load. Although there are various methods of evaluating the equivalent static wind load, they did not consider the correlation between modal responses or considered them insufficiently. Therefore, in this paper, the correlation between modal response is considered to evaluate the equivalent static wind load, the displacement response is decomposed by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method, the correlation between modal displacement is removed, the equivalent static wind load is expressed in the form of displacement mode, and then the correlation between modal response is fully considered in the extreme value combination. This paper combines the equivalent static wind loads in order to make the wind resistance design more reasonable for high‐rise buildings. First, the formulas of equivalent static wind loads expressed by displacement modes of background and resonant response are deduced based on modal decomposition and POD method. Second, the combination formulas of square‐root‐of‐sum‐square (SRSS) and complete‐quadratic‐combination (CQC) rules for the equivalent static wind loads considering the mean wind loads are proposed. Both the linear combination formula of SRSS for the equivalent static wind load and the weighting factor expressions of background and resonance equivalent static wind load are given. Third, the accuracy and validity of the formulas of equivalent static wind load are verified by a wind tunnel pressure test of a high‐rise building. Finally, the simplified combination coefficient formulas for the equivalent static wind loads are proposed, and the combination of the high‐rise building base's fluctuating equivalent static wind loads of along‐wind direction, across‐wind direction, and torsional direction is analyzed.

Review of Wind Field Characteristics of Downbursts and Wind Effects on Structures under Their Action

Downbursts belong to sudden, local, and strong convection weather, which present significant destruction for structures. At any given time, there are approximately 2000 thunderstorms occurring on the Earth. Many studies have investigated the effects of downbursts on different structures. However, the extensive range of varying wind field parameters and the diverse representations of wind speeds render the study of structural wind effects complex and challenging under downbursts. This study firstly reviews the research of wind field properties of downbursts according to four common approaches, and the major findings, advantages, and disadvantages of which are concluded. Then, failure analysis of transmission line systems under stationary and moving downbursts is explored. The article also reviews the wind pressure on the roof of different kinds of low-rise buildings, and some dominant parameters, namely roof slope, distance of building from downburst center, wind direction angle, and so on, are discussed. Moreover, the wind effects caused by downbursts on high-rise buildings and some specialized structures are also considered because more and more wind hazards are related to downbursts. Finally, the limitations of the current study are pointed out, and recommendations for further research are given for the accurate assessment of the effects of wind on buildings, with a view to providing safer and more economical wind-resistant design solutions for structures.

Vortex-induced vibration characteristic and trigger mechanism of semi-closed streamlined box girder trans-sea bridges

In this study, sectional model wind-tunnel tests are conducted to investigate the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of semi-closed girders with different aspect ratios. The influencing factors, including the wind attack angle and Scruton number Sc, are considered. The VIV is compared among semi-closed girder sections with three aspect ratios and unclosed widths. Numerical simulation is performed to investigate instantaneous vorticities and mean streamlines around the girder sections. The findings indicate that, at a wind attack angle of +3°, vertical VIVs are consistently observed in the girder sections with three different aspect ratios. Moreover, a semi-closed section with a large unclosed position exhibits a vertical VIV at a wind attack angle of 0°. As Sc increases progressively, the discrepancy in the vertical VIV amplitude of the main girder diminishes gradually. At the same Sc, the vertical VIV amplitude of a girder with a smaller aspect ratio is larger than that of a girder with a larger aspect ratio. A large width of the unclosed position can deteriorate the VIV, thus affecting the flow structure surrounding the girder section. At a wind attack angle of 0°, for a girder section with a large aspect ratio and small unclosed width, the lower vortices propagate along the girder section. Additionally, the vortices propagate away from the bottom plate of the girder section when the girder section features a large unclosed width at a wind attack angle of 0°. At a wind attack angle of +3°, the vortices at the unclosed position propagate along the section toward the leeward side. A positive wind attack angle intensifies the flow separation, and the size of the vortices at the unclosed position increases to a certain extent. These findings can provide a reference for the wind-resistant design of semi-enclosed main girders.

Investigation of the wind loads and flow patterns of a high-rise building under twisted wind flows based on LES

The twisted wind effect has attracted increasing attention among scholars due to its significant influence on the wind loads and wind induced responses of high-rise buildings. Nowadays, it is still challenging to simulate twisted wind flows (TWFs) with larger wind twist angles (WTAs) in the wind tunnel test. Compared to wind tunnel test limitations, the large eddy simulation (LES) offers an effective tool to simulate a broader WTA range. Several state-of-the-art numerical studies have generated TWFs that rely on multiple velocity inflow boundary (MVIB), but it results in vast computational domains and substantial abnormal pressure fluctuations. This paper proposes a single velocity inflow boundary (SVIB) method for modeling TWFs, which can significantly reduce the computational domain size without losing accuracy. Based on the SVIB method, we simulate TWFs with four WTAs (i.e., 0°, 25°, 35°, 45°) and conduct a comprehensive analysis of the influence of WTA and wind direction angle on both the wind load characteristics of and the flow patterns around a high-rise building. The results show that the TWFs will twist the vortex topology and trajectory, and the maximum extreme local resultant force coefficient under 35TWF is larger than that under SWF by around 10 %. The positive and negative wind pressures can simultaneously occur on a special surface at large WTAs (e.g., 35°, 45°), which may impose significant shear forces on the intermediate layers. The wind veering effect enhances the contribution of vortex shedding to the longitudinal fluctuating wind loads and the influence of incoming turbulence on lateral fluctuating wind loads. This study contributes to providing a more effective LES method to simulate TWFs with large WTAs and to reveal the effect of large WTA on the wind load characteristics of high-rise buildings under TWFs and the underlying flow mechanism, which is beneficial to the future wind-resistant design of skyscrapers.

Correlation analysis and joint probability density function model of wind pressures: Focusing on multivariate wind loads field on low-rise building under typhoon climate

The characteristics of the multivariate wind loads field on the roof are crucial to the wind-resistant design of low-rise buildings, which contain the correlation characteristics in space and probability characteristics in the time domain. This paper proposes a framework for constructing a Joint Probability Density Function (Joint PDF) model for a multivariate wind loads field. It provides a detailed correlation analysis for the first time. This paper employs wind pressure data collected from the roof of a low-rise building during Typhoon Muifa. It was found that the correlation becomes more robust with increasing roof pitch and the wind pressures are strongly correlated with a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.50 when the roof pitch is above 15°. The mixture distribution model is applied to the probability density function fitting procedure of wind pressure time series under typhoon climate, and the fitting effect is significantly better than other classical probability density functions. The optimal copula function is determined according to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) for estimating the Joint PDF. The results reveal that Gumbel-copula and Student-copula have the highest proportion in optimal copula functions, accounting for over 90% of the total copula functions. Then, a bivariate Joint PDF for wind pressures are established with the optimal copula function. Additionally, the comparison between measured bivariate Joint PDF and that constructed using copula functions verifies the accuracy of the proposed framework for constructing Joint PDFs. The Joint PDF of wind pressures can enhance the understanding of the stochastic characteristics of local wind load fields on roofs, and the correlation characteristics in space provide crucial references for improving the accuracy of wind load random field simulation and saving the cost of wind resistance design.

Dynamic performance of a supertall building with an active tuned mass damper system during Super Typhoon Saola

This paper investigates the dynamic characteristics (natural frequencies and damping ratios) of a 600-m-tall supertall building with an active tuned mass damper (ATMD) system during Super Typhoon Saola. Based on the wind speed, wind direction, and wind-induced acceleration response records by the structural health monitoring (SHM) system installed on the skyscraper, the wind characteristics during the passage of Saola are first investigated, and the relations between the mean wind speeds atop the skyscraper and the root-mean-square (RMS) acceleration responses are established. Then, employing the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method and an uncertainty quantification method, this paper comprehensively investigates the uncertainty bounds, time-varying features, and amplitude-dependency characteristics of the modal parameters with and without the operation of the ATMD system. Next, on the basis of the identified modal parameters and time-frequency analysis, the performance and effectiveness of the ATMD system in suppressing the wind-induced vibrations of the skyscraper is investigated. Lastly, the structural health condition is evaluated from the perspective of building natural frequency and damping ratio changes before and after the typhoon hit. The goal of this study is to advance the understanding of the wind effects on supertall buildings and provide useful information for the wind-resistant design and vibration control of supertall buildings in tropical cyclone-prone regions.

Enhancing the aerodynamic performance of large-span roof using a ‘breathable’ optimization tube: A parametric study

In wind engineering community, large-span roofs are widely acknowledged to be wind-sensitive, and oftentimes aerodynamic optimization is needed to enhance its wind-resistance. For such purpose, we proposed a “breathable” aerodynamic optimization tube in this study, the performance of which was experimentally examined via a series of wind tunnel tests. The results showed that, the proposed aerodynamic optimization tube is capable to significantly reducing the wind loads on the large-span roof, the effectiveness of which varies with different tube parameters. On this account, the effect of six key parameters, namely section shape, inlet-outlet angle, hole size, in-out ratio, hole distance and inlet hole length were examined independently. Overall, the outcomes are expected to provide important implications regarding the wind-resistance design of large-span roof structures.

Automated identification and long-term tracking of modal parameters for a super high-rise building

Structural modal parameter identification plays an important role in wind resistance design, damage identification, and health monitoring. At present, the modal identification process still suffers from low automation and low computational efficiency, which are not conducive to the continuous processing of monitoring data. To address this, an automated modal parameter identification approach is proposed by introducing the fast density and grid based (DGB) clustering, and applied to the Shanghai Tower, which is the tallest building in China. Moreover, in order to determine the optimal model order of the stochastic subspace identification (SSI), the trend of the logarithmic reduction rate for singular values is extracted by empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The numerical simulation of a cantilever beam and the field measurement of Shanghai Tower under the influence of Typhoon In-Fa are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Results demonstrate that the approach can obtain modal parameters without human intervention and has the advantages of simple process, fast computation and high precision. Furthermore, based on the data collected from the structural health monitoring system of the Shanghai Tower over a period of 5.5 years, the approach is applied to analyze the correlation between natural frequencies and ambient temperature, as well as the long-term evolution law of modes, discovering that multi-order frequencies show a decreasing trend over time. The finite element analysis suggests that this fact might be attributed to the increase in structural mass caused by the rising usage rate and the degradation in material properties.

Wind-induced interference effect of complex building clusters on long-span roof structures

The presence of complex buildings introduces interference effects and complicates the wind field around the long-span roof structure. The complexity of the problem makes it challenging to predict wind load of long-span roof structures, resulting in a scarcity of design data available to engineers and designers. Thus, the influence of interference effect on mean and peak pressure coefficients of a long-span tri-centered cylindrical roof structure was investigated through wind tunnel tests conducted in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel. The study focused on the interference effects caused by two cooling towers, chimney, and some low-rise buildings, considering all wind directions. The results show that the interference effects are the result of a combination of amplification effects from the adjacent cooling towers and chimney and shielding effects from the surrounding low-rise buildings. Due to the shielding effect of low-rise buildings, the wind suction on the roof is mitigated compared to that of a single building, while at the end of the roof, wind suction is amplified by cooling tower effects. The interference effect of the building clusters, however, amplifies the fluctuating wind pressure coefficient and the peak pressure coefficient on the roof. To accurately estimate the wind load of building components and envelopes, furthermore, this study investigates the influence mechanism of interference effect on non-Gaussian characteristics of wind pressure combining with fluctuating wind pressure spectrum, spatial correlation of fluctuating wind pressure, and probability distribution characteristics of standardized wind pressure coefficient. The spatial correlation of wind pressure in the roof interference area exhibits a strong association, and the probability density distribution characteristics of the standardized wind pressure coefficient significantly deviate from the Gaussian curve, with a peak factor exceeding 3.5. Thus, it can be concluded that the wind pressure within this region demonstrates significant non-Gaussian characteristics. Hence, the zone values of peak pressure coefficients are determined using the peak factor approach to inform the wind resistance design of the envelope structure.

The reproduction of 2-D non-synoptic wind field in an actively controlled wind tunnel

This work mainly discusses the simulation of 2-D non-synoptic wind field in a novel actively controlled wind tunnel. The vibrating fins with airfoil shape are installed at the downstream of multiple fans in the updated active wind tunnel, which will work with fans simultaneously to generate 2-D non-synoptic flow. The fins mainly control the vertical flow while the fans control the along-wind flow, and the input signal of equipment can be adjusted in a predefined way. Then, based on Banach fixed-point theorem, the input signal of fans and fins is constantly updated by an iteration-based method to derive the generated wind characteristics to approach the different target values within an acceptable error range. According to the degree of interference between the longitudinal and the vertical wind characteristics, different iteration strategies are proposed for different wind fields. Two typical non-synoptic wind fields are taken as application examples: irregular turbulence spectra in typhoons and non-stationary winds in mountainous terrains. After iterations, both case studies were generated appropriately in the active tunnel. The simulated wind fields are crucial for wind-resistant design of wind-sensitive structures under non-synoptic wind climates.

Wind field effects on crosswind displacement responses of square-section tall-slender structures with aspect ratio over 12

The crosswind responses of tall slender structures play an important role for the wind-resistant design, and they can be significantly influenced by the wind fields. There was a prevailing belief that the aeroelastic response of tall-slender structures was mostly observed under low-turbulent suburban flow. Nevertheless, aeroelastic response of tall-slender structures with substantially higher height and aspect ratio in high-turbulent urban flow may occur, remains unverified in the absence of empirical evidence. Moreover, the aeroelastic instability of vortex resonance and galloping of square-section tall-slender structures should be carefully addressed, especially the combined vortex resonance and galloping may occur. From these particular standpoints, this study aims to discuss the impacts of wind fields on the wind-induced vibrations in crosswind direction of square-sectioned tall-slender structures with aspect ratio 12, 16 and 20 through pivot model tests. The findings demonstrate the crosswind response of the model with λ = 12 is suppressed when it is in urban flow since the turbulence intensity profile is significantly large. Due to the sufficient height and slenderness, aeroelastic effects can occur for the aeroelastic models with λ = 16 and 20 in both suburban and urban flows. The combined vortex resonance and galloping effects are observed for the aeroelastic models with λ = 16 and 20 when they are low damped, even in urban flow. Thus, the attention should be paid to the crosswind response under urban flow for wind-resistant design of tall-slender structures with large aspect ratios and heights in practice.

An extreme value estimation method of wind pressures based on change point theory

Estimating the extreme wind pressure accurately on the roofs of low-rise buildings is crucial for wind-resistant design in wind engineering. This study proposes a new method for extreme value estimation, where change-point theory is incorporated into selecting thresholds to determine the optimal threshold and the wind pressure coefficient is converted into an intermediate exponential variable. The measured wind pressure data collected from the roof of a low-rise building at the Pudong experimental base of Tongji University during Typhoon Ampil is used as the sample of the extreme value estimation. Referring to the position of change point, the interpolation method assists in finding the most appropriate threshold for the wind pressure coefficient. The number of independent peaks in a standard wind pressure sample is reduced from 204 to 30, applying the optimal threshold while considering the correlation. This processing is crucial to reducing the estimation error. Then, the error rates of the proposed method are below 5 % at quantile p = 0.95 and the mean error rate of the proposed extreme value estimation method is within (−0.1, 0) for the whole roof regions. For comparison, the upper limit of the mean error rate for the modified Hermite model based on zero-crossing theory reaches 0.41 and that of Quan's method based on classical extreme value theory is 0.28. These results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. Meanwhile, the relevant estimation results show that the proposed method's extreme wind pressure values meet engineering requirements at the specified percentile.

Tornado-induced instability assessment of super large hyperbolic reinforced concrete cooling towers

Cooling towers are typical high-rise thin-walled structures which are of hyperbolic rotating shell structure type and significantly sensitive to wind loads. Wind-related local instability is the key control factor in the design of structural geometric shape and tower shell thickness optimization. In fact, this kind of stability analysis has only conducted aiming at normal climate (such as monsoon, etc.) under the guideline of series of national Codes. In order to deal with the issues under disaster climate, physical and numerical investigation to evaluate local stability performance of a super large cooling tower (SLCT) under tornado environments based on Buckling Stress State (BSS) method is implemented. Besides, whole process elastic–plastic collapse simulation of the SLCT exposed to the tornados was also carried out to study the failure mechanism and re-evaluated the reasonability of the well-accepted BSS method for structural wind-resistant design. The results revealed that the tornados would have obvious adverse effects on the structural local stability when the SLCT is located at the tornado vortex core radius compared with those under traditional synoptic winds. The swirl ratios and the central distances between the SLCT and the tornado vortex core have significant effects on the local instability of the SLCT. The extended elastic–plastic collapse simulation discovered that the position of the first crack during SLCT collapse process is basically consistent with the critical position from the elastic local stability analysis of the SLCT, indicating that strengthening measures can be carried out in advance at the critical position for structural local stability improvement under tornado conditions. Besides, the extended elastic–plastic collapse numerical simulation of the SLCT could be as the effective supplement to the structural elastic stability assessment (such as BSS method) in the wind-resistant design of the SLCT.

Research on wind resistance principles and design of super high-rise buildings

Due to the high and flexible characteristics of super high-rise buildings, the structure is very sensitive to wind loads, and wind vibration effects and comfort are issues that cannot be ignored in the structural design of super high-rise buildings. The paper mainly introduces the problems in wind resistance design of super high-rise buildings. Including wind load values, wind vibration effects, and vibration control methods and applications. The result show that the wind induced vibration effect and comfort of the structure are often determined through wind tunnel tests. For super high-rise buildings with complex structural forms. There are two methods for controlling wind-induced vibration in high-rise buildings: Optimizing structural form through architectural methods; Take structural control measures. At the same time, with the cost of high-performance materials and engineering technologies, it is a challenge to find building materials and technologies that can meet wind resistance requirements while keeping costs in check. However, as computational technology continues to evolve, the wind-resistant design of tall buildings will benefit from more accurate wind-tunnel simulations and computational modelling, which will help to better predict and address wind-resistance challenges. Scientists and engineers will continue to research novel materials and structural designs to improve the wind resistance of tall buildings and reduce costs.

Partitioning of wind pressure coefficients on a tall building under interference effect: A cluster analysis approach

This study proposed a cluster analysis-based approach for partitioning wind pressure on tall buildings in densely-packed areas, considering interference effects. By utilizing a modified GK cluster algorithm and leveraging the coordinate positions of pressure taps along with their corresponding wind pressure coefficients (WPC), the study aimed to distinguish different parts of the building surface exhibiting varying wind load characteristics. The adoption of cluster validation indices (CVIs) allowed for the determination of the optimal number of clusters, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the partitioning process. The resulting clusters effectively captured the distribution of wind pressure, providing valuable insights for wind-resistant design considerations. Overall, the proposed approach demonstrates promising potential in facilitating the design and analysis of tall buildings subjected to complex wind loads in urban environments.

Analysis of the Near-Ground Wind Field Characteristics during Typhoon Soulik

In 2013, during Typhoon Soulik, wind data were collected at various heights above the ground (15, 27, 53, 67, and 82 m) on the 550 kV 52# pole transmission tower in Ningde City, Fujian Province. The wind speed profile, turbulence intensity, gust factor, crest factor, and power spectrum were analyzed using 10 min interval wind speed records. The results show the following: (1) the average wind velocity of Typhoon Soulik varies in accordance with both the power law and the logarithmic law, but the Deaves–Harris model exhibits significant discrepancies; (2) the turbulence intensity in u, v, and w orientations decreases with the average wind velocity at each height. Exponential fitting is conducted on the strength of turbulence and gust factor profiles in each direction based on the standards of different countries, resulting in the derivation of empirical expressions; (3) the integral scale components of turbulence in u, v, and w orientations exhibit a positive correlation with both average wind velocity and height. The turbulence integral scale ratios in the longitudinal, transverse, and vertical directions at heights of 15, 53, and 82 m are 1:0.68:0.11, 1:0.67:0.27, and 1:0.67:0.30, respectively; (4) the Von Karman empirical spectrum and the modified Kaimal cross-spectrum model closely match the observed wind power spectrum of Typhoon Soulik. The presented results contribute to furthering references for wind-resistant design of structures in typhoon-prone areas and prevention of typhoon-related disasters.