Wind Power Projects Research Articles

Study of the application of UAV and LiDAR to topographic survey of mountainous forest areas – Case study of Win 3 Wind Power Plant Project, Huong Hoa District, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam

Abstract Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology in conjunction with aerial photography and aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) was used for topographic surveying of the Win 3 Wind Power Project area, a complex mountainous terrain situated in the Huong Hoa district of Quang Tri province, Vietnam with the primary objective to produce a map with a scale of 1:1,000 with a contour interval of 1.0 m, accompanied by 3D point clouds, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and an orthomosaic. Employing the UAV LiDAR system of DJI Matrice 300 RTK, we conduct ed survey flights, achieving a high point density laser scanning of 229 points/m2 and capturing ultra-high-resolution imagery at 4.22 cm/pixel. The integration of aerial LiDAR and photographic data results in a rich and detailed information repository regarding the surveyed terrain demonstrating that UAV LiDAR technology is a robust tool for geographic data collection, particularly in challenging terrain conditions in Vietnam. We also evaluated the accuracy of the created topographic map, achieving results that surpass the technical requirements and quality standards of the project. This underscores the potential and effectiveness of UAV LiDAR technology in the field of large-scale geographic data collection and mapping in Vietnam.

Sino-Us Competitive Cooperation Relationship: AIIB’s Projects in Africa and Practical Application of SDGs

Introduction: This article explores the Sino-US competitive cooperation relationship in Africa, focusing on infrastructure development by the AIIB and the DFC. Examining the strategic roles, operational approaches, and impacts of these institutions on African development. It also delves to geopolitical implications, through the African infrastructure, can proves the different trajectory of US and China rivalry in Africa.And also what influences for Sino-US hegemony competition. Using realism and Neo-realism theory as the framework to analysis Sino-US competitive cooperation relationship. And in this article will also talk about the connection between AIIB and DFC investment in Africa and SDG. And how AIIB and DFC investment influence Africa’s SDG to help Africa’s SDGs development. For the Methodology used in this article is qualitative research, can interview some experts in the Africa investment or SDGs development to collect some data and analysis these data. For the research result will also discuss in different factors such as development goals, geopolitical dynamics, Africa’s future prospects. The value of this article is know what is the Sino-US competitive cooperation relationship in Africa, And how these investment help Africa’s development to help Africa achieve SDGs. Like Lake Turkana Wind Power Project in Kenya, is provide affordable and clean energy in Africa, help Africa to achieve No.7 SDGs. Objective: This article aims to analyze how the AIIB and DFC help African infrastructure, and also the development of Africa. Secondly, examining the strategic roles of AIIB and DFC, how these two organizations help the US and China in global competition. Thirdly, to explore the broader geopolitical implications of the Sino-US competitive cooperation relationship in Africa, examining how the activities of AIIB and DFC reflect and influence the geopolitical dynamics between China and the United States. And how AIIB and DFC investment influence Africa achieve SDGs. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. Through realism and Neo-realism stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises is qualitative research method will be used in conducting this research. The qualitative method is used to gather opinions, experiences and thoughts from the research respondents. Data collection was carried out through use interview no matter online or face to face. And also select for some focus group to do the comparison with different factors of the research, and find the connections and how these factors influence with other factors in the research. Results and Discussion: The findings highlight that the contributions of both institutions to African development, emphasizing the complex dynamics that shape their interactions and impact on the continent. And also through the Africa infrastructure how the US and China compete with each other. In the discussion part, it divides as different part to talk about the influence in Africa and Sino-US competition in different periods. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this article are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of Sino-US competitive cooperation relations and how AIIB and DFC investment help Africa to achieve SDGs. These implications could encompass Sino-US relationship, Africa’s development and Geopolitical Dynamics . Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by finding how AIIB and DFC investment help Africa’s SDG development in order to try to find Sino-US competitive cooperation way. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by how the AIIB and DFC investment influence Africa’s develop SDG, and during the process what about Sino-US relations development to prove.

Analyzing critical core components’ technology opportunities based on multilayer networks from a lifecycle perspective: A case study of offshore wind turbine foundation

Among renewable energy sources, offshore wind power has emerged as an important trend due to its more stable and powerful wind resources. Advances in the fundamental technology of offshore wind turbines are crucial for ensuring the long-term feasibility and reliability of wind power projects. Existing technology opportunity analysis (TOA) studies based on link prediction network analysis seldom consider the technical characteristics of the target component from different perspectives, such as lifecycle. In this study, we propose a framework to analyze technology opportunities for offshore wind turbine foundations. The method consists of four steps: 1) Collect patents related to the target component. 2) Use BERT to automatically layer patents into corresponding lifecycle stages. 3) Build a multilayer network centered on the target component. 4) Use link prediction to recommend technology opportunities throughout the lifecycle and at each stage of the target component. Using offshore wind power foundations as an example, the effectiveness of the method is verified. Our findings indicate that improvements in structural arrangements of foundations and anti-corrosion coatings are future technology opportunities for offshore wind power foundations. Multilayer network analysis based on link prediction from a lifecycle perspective provides a valuable reference for future TOA research and practice. Additionally, it offers enterprises insights into future technology opportunities at various lifecycle stages, presenting a new perspective for optimizing R&D resource allocation and market positioning based on these results.

Strategic analysis of wind energy potential and optimal turbine selection in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia

Wind power is considered one of the most environmentally friendly and rapidly growing form of renewable energy. This study aims at assessment of wind power potential for Al-Jouf region in Saudi Arabia. A long term historical wind speed data of 21 years (2000–2021) was analytically modeled using Weibull distribution function to determine the wind characteristics. The Weibull parameters and average wind speed for monthly and yearly were evaluated using MATLAB program. An online wind power calculator developed by Meteotest was used to evaluate the wind energy by selecting various turbines. Six types of commercial wind turbines of 3 MW capacity were selected for wind power assessment to optimize the turbine selection. Our analysis showed that average wind speed varies between 3.88 m/s and 4.99 m/s and an overall average wind speed is 4.38 m/s. The most frequent wind speed observed was 3.9 m/s with a probability of 20 % approximately. The Weibull distribution parameters, shape parameter “k” values ranged between 1.89 and 2.21 with an average of 1.98 and scale factor “c” values varied between 4.41 and 5.66 m/s with a mean value of 4.86 m/s. Performance evaluations of selected wind turbine models reveal that the Vestas V126 turbine outperforms others at the Al-Jouf site, generating an annual energy yield of 3779400 kWh at a capacity factor of 14.4 %. These results suggest that by constructing a wind farm consisting of 100 V126 turbines may compensate for the energy needs of 46000 individuals. These findings establish Al-Jouf as a viable location for utility-scale wind power projects, offering valuable insights for turbine manufacturers, developers, operators, and policymakers interested in deploying large-capacity turbines in the region. The method used in this study for wind power analysis and turbine selection is simple and helpful to provide an initial assessment about the site suitability and turbine selection without undergoing exhaustive efforts.

Distance to offshore wind farms, onshore wind power spillover relationships, and the willingness to pay for farshore, large-scale wind power development

ABSTRACT As demands for clean energy mount to meet international and national climate goals, constant tension and trade-offs regarding where to site large-scale offshore wind farms (OWF) remain. Using data from a choice experiment to elicit preferences for large-scale, 3.6 gigawatts OWFs in Denmark, we find that respondents living far from a proposed or existing offshore wind power projects have a lower willingness to pay (WTP) to locate new OWFs at 12 km, 18 km, or 50 km relative to 8 km from the coast. Furthermore, based on the estimated densities of existing onshore wind turbines at a given respondent’s postal (ZIP) code level, we find evidence of a significant relationship between existing onshore wind power development and preferences for proposed OWF locations.

Dynamic response of seabed in wind power of deep-shallow sea induced by internal solitary waves

With the development of offshore wind power projects worldwide, the stability of deep and shallow sea wind power sites has become a crucial concern. Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are nonlinear and large amplitude waves in the stratified ocean. Their strong vertical and horizontal motion and vorticity and turbulence caused by fragmentation have an important impact on the marine environment, seabed sediments, and marine engineering. This study focuses on the interaction between ISWs and the seabed of wind power sites in deep and shallow seas. Specifically, we investigate the interaction between ISWs and monopile foundations or floating fan plate anchor structures in the seabed. Through the simulation of CFD software and Comsol software, a law of seabed pore pressure variation during the effect of ISWs on the structure can be well demonstrated. Our results demonstrate that ISWs induce the accumulation of excess pore water pressure around the structures. The monopile foundation experiences negative excess pore water pressure at its bottom and the plate anchor at its top. The pore water pressure at the bottom of the monopile foundation initially decreases and then increases. In contrast, the pore water pressure at the right side of the monopile foundation increases, decreases, and then increases. This phenomenon promotes the settlement of the structure. At the bottom of the plate anchor, there is a sharp increase in positive excess pore water pressure by ISW. The pore water pressure above the plate anchor structure initially decreases and then increases, while below the plate anchor, it increases and then decreases. This phenomenon leads to the movement of the anchorage structure and instability of the surrounding soil. The influence of ISWs on the seabed bottom intensifies with the obstruction of the structure, resulting in significant positive pressure at the bottom. Between the two anchoring structures, there is increased seepage of pore water, making the seabed more prone to instability. Through the study of this article, we know that ISW has different effects on the force of monopile foundation and plate anchor structure, which provides a favorable basis for its design and maintenance.

Korean Offshore Wind Electrical Power Generation: Current Status and Prospects

Offshore wind power generation is recognized as an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source, rapidly advancing with governmental support in many countries such as Denmark, China, Germany, and across Europe due to its high energy stability, potential, and economic benefits. South Korea has set a target of 17.7GW for wind power generation through its Renewable Energy 3020 Implementation Plan, aiming to supply 12GW of offshore wind power by 2030. However, Korea faces slower development compared to overseas counterparts due to various obstacles including lack of community acceptance, low business feasibility, complex approval processes, and insufficient supply chain. This study identifies fundamental reasons behind Korea's sluggish growth in offshore wind power generation and proposes the following solutions through comparison with leading international cases. 1) Strengthening positive communication with residents by clearly articulating the value and benefits of offshore wind power projects to address community acceptance issues. 2) Resolving low business feasibility issues through the establishment of government-led incentive programs and support measures. 3) Streamlining approval processes to mitigate delays and cancellations in project implementation. 4) Expanding domestic market size and enhancing efficient power interconnection to address supply chain deficiencies.

Optimal Multiple Wind Power Transmission Schemes Based on a Life Cycle Cost Analysis Model

Due to the high cost and complex challenges faced by offshore wind power transmission, economic research into offshore wind power transmission can provide a scientific basis for optimal decision-making on offshore wind power projects. Based on the analysis of the topology structure and characteristics of typical wind power transmission schemes, this paper compares the economic benefits of five different transmission schemes with a 3.6 GW sizeable onshore wind farm as the primary case. Research includes traditional high voltage alternating current (HVAC), voltage source converter high voltage direct current transmission (VSC-HVDC), a fractional frequency transmission system (FFTS), and two hybrid DC (MMC-LCC and DR-MMC) transmission scenarios. The entire life cycle cost analysis model (LCCA) is employed to thoroughly assess the cumulative impact of initial investment costs, operational expenses, and eventual scrap costs on top of the overall transmission scheme’s total cost. This comprehensive evaluation ensures a nuanced understanding of the financial implications across the project’s entire lifespan. In this example, HVAC has an economic advantage over VSC-HVDC in the transmission distance range of 78 km, and the financial range of a FFTS is 78–117 km. DR-MMC is better than the flexible DC delivery scheme in terms of transmission capacity, scalability, and offshore working platform construction costs in the DC delivery scheme. Therefore, the hybrid DC delivery scheme of offshore wind power composed of multi-type converters has excellent application prospects.

A New Regime of Dispossession in Neo-Liberal India? Wind Energy, Hindutva, and Land Politics in Western Gujarat

Renewables in India are presented as modern technologies ensuring a pathway towards sustainable development and unlimited growth. But this story entails problematic land politics and the reconfiguration of space for resource frontiers’ expansion, local state formation, and ethno-religious authoritarian agendas: for the past 20 years, Kutch district of Gujarat state in Western India has experienced several waves of land liberalisation and industrialisation programmes, including wind power projects, but its proximity with Pakistan and the presence of Muslim pastoral populations on both sides of the border have also fostered Hindu nationalist movements since 1947. The development of wind energy projects in Western India follows traditional patterns of a regime of dispossession: a set of “inscription devices” assemble and disassemble land in a discursive, bureaucratic, and violent way and affix an official stamp of legality on damaging mechanisms of dispossession within a state-specific regime. But as wind projects move to borderland territories, their associated regime of dispossession aligns with long-term exclusive ethno-religious conceptions of space as Hindu. The unfolding land politics endorses the Bharatiya Janata Party’s electoral strategy to capture the remaining constituencies and co-opt minority leaders, while agents enforcing wind’s regime of dispossession see an opportunity to assert upper-caste Hindu supremacy.

A Systems Perspective on the Public Perception of Wind Power in Norway

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals, a set of ambitious targets embraced by United Nations member states, are designed to meet global challenges head‐on while shaping a sustainable future. Of these, Goal 7, in particular, focuses on the critical need for affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Wind energy holds a significant potential in fulfilling Goal 7 of the sustainable development goals. In Norway, there exists a unique scenario, where nearly 98% of electricity is generated from renewable resources. However, without a subsequent increase in power production, a deficit in power is projected by 2027 according to a short‐term market analysis by Statnett. To prevent this, it is imperative to increase the production of electricity from wind. However, in recent years, there has been a significant rise in opposition towards wind power projects in Norway. Some of the wind power projects have even been put on hold because of the increase in protests. In light of this, we apply systems thinking methodologies to improve our understanding of this complex problem. Initially, we identify the stakeholders in our system of interest and categorize them through stakeholder salience analysis framework. Then, we developed a systemigram to graphically represent the system of interest. Finally, we carry out causal loop analysis to find causal loops in our system of interest. Our primary focus with this work is to better understand the factors shaping public perception of wind power projects in Norway. By gaining a deeper understanding about the factors influencing public perception of wind power projects in Norway, we aim to find better solutions to improve the social acceptance of these initiatives in Norway in future works.

О влиянии неопределенностей на прогнозы ветрового ресурса и выработки электроэнергии

The annual power generation of a wind farm is one of the most important indicators determining the profitability of a wind power project. The methods used to estimate the annual power generation of a wind farm have to consider uncertainties at all stages of the project life cycle. When developing a financial model of a wind power project, it is required to consider information about uncertainties to reduce the error and increase the reliability of the project. Specialists of various countries are improving the efficiency of wind power plants, studying wind energy resources, as well as assessing the efficiency of their use. However, special studies do not pay due attention to the problem of assessing the impact of various uncertainties on the forecasts of wind resource and power generation. Two methods are proposed to calculate uncertainties. They are a deterministic method based on the assumption of independence of various uncertainties, and a Monte Carlo method that simulates the behavior of a physical system many times. The paper considers the uncertainties to be considered during the design of a wind farm and presents the variation ranges. The authors have presented the plots of power generation with various levels of probability of being reached or exceeded the total uncertainty for three variants. It is shown that considering the various uncertainties allows a power generation forecast to be made with increased accuracy. The results obtained are necessary to develop a wind measurement data processing model that allows us to forecast electricity generation by existing wind power plants with increased accuracy.

A Bayesian approach to estimate the capacity factor of offshore wind farms on the Brazilian coast

This work presents a Bayesian approach for inferring the capacity factor of an offshore wind farm. The calculation of the capacity factor depends on the power curve model and the probabilistic wind speed model, which in this work follows a Weibull distribution, whose scale and shape parameters are estimated using a Bayesian approach where the priors are independent gamma distributions, the likelihood is the Weibull distribution, and the posteriors are obtained by Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. The application of the described methodology is illustrated through a case study of an offshore wind power project located on the Northern coast of the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

Renewable energy and green extractivism: transitions or reconfigurations?

This article discusses the implications of projects implemented by corporations in the energy sector based on their use of the notions of energy transition, decarbonization and renewable energy. We analyzed documents from business organizations, civil society, the Brazilian government and the United Nations containing data and representations regarding wind power projects and the production of green hydrogen. Interviews were also conducted with women from the quilombola community in Cumbe, located in the municipality of Aracati, in the Brazilian Northeastern state of Ceará, who have been affected by a wind power project. We have sought to develop an analysis that contrasts, on the one hand, the discourse of multilateral institutions and corporations that justify so-called clean energies as a means of combating climate change and, on the other, the perceptions of populations affected by a wind energy project in terms of the impacts and meaning they attribute to such projects.

신재생에너지 개발의 문제점과 개선방안 - 육상풍력발전 개발을 중심으로 -

신재생에너지 개발의 문제점과 개선방안 - 육상풍력발전 개발을 중심으로 -

Numerical Investigation into the Stability of Offshore Wind Power Piles Subjected to Lateral Loads in Extreme Environments

Monopile foundations are extensively utilized in the rapidly expanding offshore wind power industry, and the stability of these foundations has become a crucial factor for ensuring the safety of offshore wind power projects. Such foundations are subjected to a myriad of complex environmental loads during their operational lifespan. Whilst current research predominantly concentrates on the effects of wind, wave, and current loads on monopile stability in extreme environments, it is imperative to consider the potential influence of unexpected submarine landslide loads. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of wind, wave, current, and submarine landslide loads on monopile foundations in extreme environments. Subsequently, we establish a finite element model for analyzing the stability of monopiles under complex lateral loads, and validate the accuracy of the model by comparing it with the previous numerical findings. A case study is performed with reference to the Xiangshui Wind Farm project to analyze the effects of varying submarine landslide densities, velocities, impact heights, and seabed sediment strengths on pile head horizontal displacement, pile rotation at the mudline, and maximum bending moment. The findings indicate that the increase in submarine landslide density, velocity, and impact height leads to an increase in horizontal displacement at the pile head, pile rotation at the mudline, and maximum bending moments, and a horizontal failure mode is observed in seabed sediments. Furthermore, under the same load conditions, a decrease in seabed sediment strength and internal friction angle triggers instability in monopiles, with a noteworthy transition from horizontal failure to deep-seated seabed sediment failure. Finally, we propose a criterion for monopile instability under diverse loading conditions.

Optimization of offshore wind farm inspection paths based on K-means-GA.

As global demand for offshore wind energy continues to rise, the imperative to enhance the profitability of wind power projects and reduce their operational costs becomes increasingly urgent. This study proposes an innovative approach to optimize the inspection routes of offshore wind farms, which integrates the K-means clustering algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA). In this paper, the inspection route planning problem is formulated as a multiple traveling salesman problem (mTSP), and the advantages of the K-means clustering algorithm in distance similarity are utilized to effectively group the positions of wind turbines, thereby optimizing the inspection schedule for vessels. Subsequently, by harnessing the powerful optimization capability and robustness of genetic algorithms, further refinement is conducted to search for the optimal inspection routes, aiming to achieve cost reduction objectives. The results of simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this integrated approach. Compared to traditional genetic algorithms, the inspection route length has been significantly reduced, from 93 kilometers to 79.36 kilometers. Simultaneously, operational costs have also experienced a notable decrease, dropping from 141,500 Chinese Yuan to 125,600 Chinese Yuan.

Wind power and the cost of local compensation schemes: A Swedish revenue sharing policy simulation

Local resistance towards wind power is a central challenge for the energy transition, implying that legally imposed compensation schemes for nearby residents may become prevalent in the near future. I use GIS-coded data on detached residential buildings in Sweden to simulate a variety of revenue sharing schemes applied to every present and planned commercial scale wind power project, focusing on documenting the impact on investor costs. I compare models that entitle compensation for distances between six and ten times the tip height of the closest turbine, imposing schemes that are both constant within the eligible distance, as well as declining with the distance from the turbine. When compensations are awarded for residents as far away as ten times the turbine height, foregone revenues exceed two percent for one-fourth of the projects in the southern region even under the declining model, indicating that the scheme could have a substantive effect on the localization decisions of future investments.

Mind the Gap: Conflicts in the Implementation of Kenya’s Lake Turkana Wind Power Project

Renewable energy projects are increasingly being implemented at scale to meet global climate goals, often targeting lands on the margins of the state and affecting the livelihoods of Indigenous or marginalized populations. This article argues a need for project-developers, investors and rights advocates to consider the potentially significant ‘gap’ between their expectations that the rights of local populations will be settled at the start of a particular investment and the conflicts over rights, recognition and benefits that emerge during implementation that risk derailing investments. This is particularly relevant for renewable investments, as their claims to global and national benefits divert attention from their local impacts. Empirically, this is explored through the case of the Lake Turkana Wind Power project in Kenya. Based on interviews and literature review, the article examines the relations between the key stakeholders in this project by acknowledging their various ‘ways of seeing’ rights. Ruling elites often see rights as settled once they have been written into law and investors assume that rights have been dealt with at the project’s start, but local populations typically begin exploring their rights following project-induced changes. The interaction of stakeholders with such diverse views has important implications for the practice of human rights in the context of renewable energy investments.

Research on the optimization of tribological performance of wind power lubricating grease based on carbon emission

The manufacturing, installation, operation and dismantling of wind turbines can also have environmental impacts such as excessive carbon emissions and consume large amounts of resources. Optimisation of the tribological properties of wind power greases can reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions of wind power systems, improve their operational efficiency and reliability, thereby slowing down climate change and improving environmental quality, which is not only important for individual wind power projects, but also has a positive impact on reducing carbon emissions, promoting clean energy development and combating climate change on a global scale. However, the higher the grease lubrication performance, the lower the wind turbine failure rate and the lower the carbon emissions. Good tribological properties can significantly reduce the coefficient of friction of mechanical components, reducing surface wear and heat generation, helping to extend the life of mechanical equipment, improve efficiency and reduce unnecessary repairs and replacements. Therefore, in this paper, Mobil SHC 461WT lithium composite grease was mixed with molybdenum dialkyl dithiocarbamate (RFM3000), nano-boronated rare-earth friction modifiers (SK3115), polysiloxane viscosity modifier (PV611), and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), and the comparative analysis of their tribological performances was carried out through the method of cross-experimentation. The results showed that the average coefficient of friction of Mobil added with the four antiwear additives was reduced by 74 %, 41 %, 54 % and 48 %, respectively, and the average diameter of wear spots was reduced by 64 %, 63 %, 69 % and 54 %.

Energy (in)justice in the green energy transition. The case of Fosen wind farms in Norway

In 2021, the Norwegian Supreme Court ruled that wind power licences issued in 2010 for two wind farms in the Fosen area near Trondheim violated the cultural rights of the local Sámi herders. The Fosen case is of interest as it demonstrates how policy intervention to honour the human rights of citizens to a healthy environment came into conflict with the indigenous human rights. Our study explores why this wind power project became a policy failure and what the Sámi achieved in terms of green energy justice through their legal and political struggles as well as settlement agreements. The green energy justice framework fails to address longstanding indigenous injustices and inequalities. Hence, it needs to recognise traditional knowledge, assess the historical context of the intervention, and include a veto right to indigenous minorities to ensure that their rights protected by Article 27 of the ICCPR are respected. The policy failure involved opposition among the Sámi herders to the intervention. The failure occurred as politics shaped the decision and decision-making process underestimated the impact on reindeer husbandry and ignored the objections raised by the Sámi herders. The Supreme Court ruling addressed the reasons for the policy failure and strengthened the indigenous dimensions of the green energy justice. The Sámi herders and their supports were unable to mobilise public media support for the removal of the windmills to undo the human rights violation. Hence, the settlement agreements included distributional justice in the form of monetary compensation and the recognition of their need for new land for winter grazing as well as strengthening of their procedural justice with granting of a veto right on future licenses of the two wind farms.