Wind Power Generation Facilities Research Articles

Study on the pullout bearing characteristics of root piles in coral sand foundations under different water content states

Offshore wind energy will become one of the important sources of energy in the future, and root piles with good pullout bearing characteristics can be used for the foundation of offshore wind power generation facilities. Through the model test, the pullout bearing characteristics of root piles with different water content states in coral sand foundation are comparatively analyzed, and the pullout bearing deformation law and pile body force transmission characteristic law of root piles is revealed. The results show that when the coral sand foundation is saturated and the water level rises and falls, compared with the dry sand foundation, the pullout bearing capacity of the root pile decreases, and the ability to control the displacement is sharply weakened. The axial force curve at the root is in the shape of a step; after the foundation is affected by water, the maximum value of lateral friction resistance first appears at the bottom root, and the lateral friction resistance at the lower root is always greater than that at the upper root; the water level rise and fall leads to a decrease in the lateral friction resistance in the area of the pile without a root, and the lateral friction resistance in the area of the root is increased. Under saturated and water level rise and fall condition, the total bearing ratio of the root pile section increases, and the bearing ratio of the lower root pile section is always larger than that of the upper root. After loading, the soil in the upper part of the pile is compacted, and the soil in the lower part is loosened; the maximum value of soil pressure in the compacted area of the dry sand condition gradually moves downward, and the maximum value of soil pressure in the saturated and water level rise and fall condition is always located in the lowermost part of the compacted area; the pore water pressure in the saturated and water level rise and fall condition is basically equal with the hydrostatic pressure, and there is no obvious super pore water pressure generated. The research results provide scientific basis for the application of root piles in coral sand foundation.

풍력발전 터빈의 폐블레이드 재활용에 관한 자원순환법상 입법정책적 연구

There was a time when the development of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power was thought to be at the cutting edge of environmental protection. However, putting aside various social conflicts related to its location, concerns related to the efficiency of energy production, etc., legal and social agreements regarding the disposal or recycling of these renewable energy power generation facilities were ignored, and the era of introduction and commercialization continued. come. It was a phenomenon not only for us but also around the world. Many European and Western countries are facing their own risk of environmental destruction and are coming up with various policies and plans regarding this. Regarding the problem of disposal of waste solar panels and waste electric vehicle batteries, It is well known that we have taken steps to resolve this issue through legislative and administrative policies. However, in response to the aging of wind power generation facilities, especially waste blades, which have recently received the most attention among renewable energy materials, the EU and representative wind power countries such as Germany and Denmark are paying great attention to the government and industry regarding waste disposal, especially recycling, and solutions to the problem. has been pursued and is now coming to fruition. Unlike the case of Korea, which is stuck with the solution of simple landfill, global renewable energy companies such as Siemens Gamesa of the United States and Germany and Vestas of Denmark, which are actively introducing the use of materials as cement, are developing new products that can recycle blades at the disposal stage from the beginning. We are making progress to the point where we are developing technology to manufacture materials and announcing our success and plans for zero waste by 2040. In response to this situation, our government is not only reorganizing the basic laws for the recycling of waste wind blades, which are already causing environmental problems, but also establishing laws to promote research for technology development such as reuse and recycling, which are lagging behind Europe and the United States. Legal academia will conduct research on the limitations of the Producer Responsibility Recycling (EPR) system, which has already been introduced in the resource recycling law, and ways to overcome it, on the aspects of fiscal legislation such as the introduction of incineration taxes, and on local autonomy for cooperation with local communities. Efforts should be made to identify ways to improve the legal system.

Advanced PLL structures for grid synchronization in distributed generation

The actual grid code requirements include specific demands for grid connected wind power generation facilities. The Transmission System Operators are specially concerned about the Low Voltage Ride Through requirements which are becoming more restrictive in terms of the admissible disconnection conditions, but also in the active/reactive power that wind farms should inject to the network under fault conditions to support the grid. Solutions based on the installation of STATCOMs and DVRs, as well as on advanced control functionalities for the existing power converters of wind power plants, have contributed to enhance their response under faulty and distorted scenarios, and hence to fulfill these requirements. However, in order to achieve satisfactory results with such systems it is necessary to count on accurate and fast grid voltage synchronization algorithms, able to work under unbalanced and distorted conditions. This paper analyzes the synchronization capability of three advanced synchronization systems: the DDSRF-PLL, the DSOGI-PLL and the 3phEPLL, designed to work under such conditions. In the following the different algorithms will be presented and discretized and finally their performance, as well as its computational cost, will be tested in an experimental setup controlled by a means of a TMS28335 floating point DSP.

Wind turbine inspection with drone: Advantages and disadvantages

The facilities on wind energy generation are increasingly finding usage areas in line with the ecologically friendly energy generation approach. One of the important activities of wind power generation facilities, which have high investment cost, low operating cost and low environmental impact is the maintenance and repair of wind turbines. A preventive maintenance approach is dominant to reduce maintenance times and eliminate lost time in wind turbines. Damage inspection of turbines has been evolved from tower crane access, rope access, camera viewing, and other applications to image with manual drones over the years. However, when these methods are evaluated within the framework of criteria such as cost, performance, occupational safety and data reliability, they are still insufficient and the need for inspection with autonomous drones arises. The advantages and disadvantages of autonomous drones used in the determination of damage in wind turbines are analyzed and the results are considered to contribute to the practitioners operating in the sector and academicians working in the field.

소셜미디어에 나타난 풍력발전시설의 경관 인식 연구

This study aims to assess the current understanding of the landscape of wind power facilities as renewable energy sources that supply sightseeing, tourism, and other opportunities. Therefore, social media data related to the landscape of wind power facilities experienced by visitors from different regions was analyzed. The analysis results showed that the common characteristics of the landscape of wind power facilities are based on the scale of wind power facilities, the distance between overlook points of wind power facilities, the visual openness of the wind power facilities from the overlook points, and the terrain where the wind power facilities are located. In addition, the preference for wind power facilities is higher in places where the shape of wind power facilities and the surrounding landscape can be clearly seen- flat ground or the sea are considered better landscapes. Negative keywords about the landscape appear on Gade Mountain in Taibai, Meifeng Mountain in Taibai, Taiqi Mountain, and Gyeongju Wind Power Generation Facilities on Gyeongshang Road in Gangwon. The keyword ‘negation’ occurs when looking at wind power facilities at close range. Because of the high angle of the view, viewers can feel overwhelmed seeing the size of the facility and the ridge simultaneously, feeling psychological pressure. On the contrary, positive landscape adjectives are obtained from wind power facilities on flat ground or the sea. Visitors think that the visual volume of the landscape is fully ensured on flat ground or the sea, and it is a symbolic element that can represent the site. This study analyzes landscape awareness based on the opinions of visitors who have experienced wind power facilities. However, wind power facilities are built in different areas. Therefore, landscape characteristics are different, and there are many variables, such as viewpoints and observers, so the research results are difficult to popularize and have limitations. In recent years, landscape damage due to the construction of wind power facilities has become a hot issue, and the domestic methods of landscape evaluation of wind power facilities are unsatisfactory. Therefore, when evaluating the landscape of wind power facilities, the scale of wind power facilities, the inherent natural characteristics of the area where wind power facilities are set up, and the distance between wind power facilities and overlook points are important elements to consider. In addition, wind power facilities are set in the natural environment, which needs to be protected. Therefore, from the landscape perspective, it is necessary to study the landscape of wind power facilities and the surrounding environment.

粒子法によるスパー型洋上風力発電の改良のための波浪挙動の検討

Spar-type offshore wind power generation is a kind of floating wind power generation facilities that, unlike fixed wind turbines, is installed in deep sea water. One of its characteristics is that it is not easily affected by waves. However, in order to ensure stability and safety, it is necessary to conduct analysis using appropriate simulation techniques. In this study, the δ-SPH method, one of particle methods, was used to analyze the wave behavior of two new types of spar-type offshore wind power generation. In the present paper, we studied the changes in wave behavior when the values of the modified artificial viscosity term and the artificial density-diffusion term introduced into the δ-SPH method are varied.

The recognition of structures in SAR imagery by the use of a spatial reasoning method

ASBTARCT Structures with energy supply capacity are an important part of lifeline engineering. Post-disaster assessment is therefore vital to assess the economic losses caused by the collapse of such structures and is an integral part of the overall post-disaster assessment. The identification of structures in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is mostly influenced by buildings, exposed rocks and riverbeds, because of the similar scattering intensity effects. In this letter, a new spatial reasoning method is proposed based on spatial and morphological feature parameters to identify isolated structures with an ordered distribution in SAR imagery. The wind power generation base in the north-western part of the city of Yumen, Gansu province, China, is taken as the research area. Numerous wind power generation facilities, which are important power sources in north-western China, are found in this area. The recognition accuracy of the proposed method for structures in this area is 98.31%. Compared with the traditional method, the recognition rate for structures is improved by 35.59%. The ‘distance deviation risk’ evaluation index is also proposed to evaluate the deviation between the recognition results and the actual ground objects. Overall, the proposed method can more accurately identify the structures in SAR imagery.

Would people pay a price premium for electricity from domestic wind power facilities? The case of South Korea

South Korea tried to drastically expand the capacity of wind power generation from 1.8 GW in 2020 to 24.9 GW in 2034. Moreover, the “Green New Deal” policy is being implemented to promote employment and growth by using domestic wind power facilities. This article estimates additional willingness to pay (WTP) or price premium, for electricity generated from domestic wind power facilities over that from imported ones. For this purpose, a contingent valuation survey of 1000 households was carried out employing the closed-ended question during September 2020. A spike model is utilized to reflect the zero WTP values reported by 58.3% of the interviewees. Several factors affecting the price premium were also analyzed to derive implications. The average price premium for electricity generated from domestic wind power generation facilities was estimated to be KRW 22.5 (USD 0.019) per kWh with statistical significance. This value reaches 21.4% of the electricity price for 2019 (KRW105 or USD 0.089 per kWh). It should be noted that more than half of the people reported a zero price premium, as they thought that “Green” is more important than “New Deal,” or they worried that the supply of domestic wind power facilities could raise electricity bills.

CREATION OF WIND ENERGY FACILITIES AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE OF THE SERVICES LOGISTICS MARKET: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

We analyzed the current state and development prospects of wind power generation in the EU and Ukraine. We detected the trends on many wind power generation impactors in the EU and the Ukrainian's interest in building wind parks. Such trends led to the market development of specialized technical aids for assuring transportation of equipment production elements of wind power units to the installation place. The obtained results gave grounds for directions on developing the logistic services market in the segment of delivery of non-standard on all characteristics of the production equipment for wind installations: weight, geometrical sizes, transportation conditions. We proposed an approach to delegate the management functions and delivery of production equipment for wind-power units to a logistics operator (logistics provider) 4pl-level with a package of services "industry logistics" and "project logistics" as an integrator of material and of accompanying flows. This approach should be helpful to optimize financial costs, time and reduce the level of risks in the implementation of a project to create wind power generation facilities. The involvement of a representative, a logistics operator in project activities, opens up prospects for the life cycle of logistics service for the supply of goods of non-standard dimensions and diversification of the activities of logistics operators in the logistics services market, including through the determination of the KPI for further cooperation in wind farms servicing.

Permanent magnet synchronous generator stator current AM-FM model and joint signature analysis for planetary gearbox fault diagnosis

Wind energy is renewable and wind power generation facilities have been growing rapidly around the world. Permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) and planetary gearboxes are commonly used in wind turbines (WTs). For planetary gearbox fault diagnosis, PMSG stator current signal analysis provides a potential alternative approach because stator current signals contain fault signatures with easier accessibility comparing to conventional vibration signals. Planetary gearbox faults result in PMSG input torque oscillations, leading to both amplitude modulation and frequency modulation (AM-FM) effects on stator current signals. To better reveal gear fault features in PMSG stator current signals, this paper proposes to diagnose planetary gearbox faults from three complementary analysis results of the PMSG stator current, i.e., Fourier spectrum, amplitude demodulated spectrum and frequency demodulated spectrum. For this purpose, an AM-FM current signal model is derived through mechanical-magnetic-electric interaction analysis. Explicit equation of Fourier spectrum is derived with its sideband characteristics investigated. Both amplitude and frequency demodulation analyses are proposed to compensate for or mitigate the difficulty in the intricate sideband analysis of Fourier spectrum. Due to its capability in signal mono-component decomposition for accurate estimation of instantaneous frequency, adaptive local iterative filtering is utilized in frequency demodulation analysis. Explicit equations of corresponding demodulated spectra are derived, and gear fault signatures in PMSG stator current signals are revealed. The theoretical derivations and proposed methods are validated through lab experiments by diagnosing localized faults on the sun, planet and ring gears.

Grid-Connected Wind Power Plants: A Survey on the Integration Requirements in Modern Grid Codes

In recent years, the integration of wind power generation facilities, and especially offshore wind power generation facilities, into power grids has increased rapidly. Therefore, the grid codes concerning wind power integration have become a major factor in ensuring power system reliability. This work compares grid codes about wind power integration around the world. The grid codes of Denmark, Ireland, the U.K., Germany, Spain, China, the U.S., Canada, and other countries are considered. The most important of these grid codes concern reactive power, frequency regulation, fault ride through, and power quality. Several grid codes also address communication, ramp rate, and offshore wind power plants. This work provides information on the future of grid code requirements for offshore wind power integration, which helps the system operators ensure the safe operation of a power system with a high penetration of wind power generation.

Guidelines for wind turbine noise in Japan: Guideline for the noise generated by wind power generation facilities

Guidelines for wind turbine noise in Japan: Guideline for the noise generated by wind power generation facilities

Environmental Impact Assessment of Wind Power Generation Facilities

Impacts of wind power generation facilities on neighborhood residents, animals, plants, water environment and landscape are a concern. Therefore, in 2010, wind turbine facilities were targeted to be covered by the environmental impact assessment law, which was enacted in 1999, and was amended with the environmental impact statement procedure in 2013. A guidance level of noise produced by wind turbines in quiet residential areas was set in 2017. In the environmental impact statement procedure at the planning stage of targeted projects, the trust of precedent users should be obtained and consensus building should be implemented. Projects of wind turbine facilities are accepted in accordance with the environmental impact assessment law using the new guidance noise level and the procedure of the environmental impact statement.

Influencing Factors on Residents' Acceptance of Wind Power Generation Facilities

本研究では，施設が多く建設されている茨城県神栖市がケーススタディとして取り上げられた．要因はリスク認知，ベネフィット認知，信頼，景観評価，イメージ評価，関心から構成された．研究はこれらの要因が施設の受容に与える因果関係を検証した．さらに，施設の視覚的要素の有無が風車の受容と要因に与える影響を検証した．その結果，施設に対する住民の受容に，被害確率認知といったリスク認知は負の効果を及ぼした．また，ベネフィット認知，行政への信頼，イメージ評価は正の効果を及ぼした．次に，施設の視覚的要素がない場合，リスク認知が高くなる傾向が把握された．以上の知見から，施設を建設するとき，施設の受容に与える要因の因果関係を考慮の上，相互のバランスを調整しながら円滑にプロジェクトを推進していくべきである．

Flow shop scheduling with grid-integrated onsite wind power using stochastic MILP

Over the last decade, manufacturing companies have identified renewable energy as a promising means to cope with time-varying energy prices and to reduce energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. As a result of this development, global installed capacity of wind power has expanded significantly. To make efficient use of onsite wind power generation facilities in manufacturing, production scheduling tools need to consider the uncertainty attached to wind power generation along with changes in the energy procurement cost and in the products’ environmental footprints. To this end, we propose a solution procedure that first generates a large number of wind power scenarios that characterise the variability in wind power over time. Subsequently, a two-stage stochastic optimisation procedure computes a production schedule and energy supply decisions for a flow shop system. In the first stage, a bi-objective mixed integer linear programme simultaneously minimises the total weighted flow time and the expected energy cost, based on the generated wind power scenarios. In the second stage, energy supply decisions are adjusted based on real-time wind power data. A numerical example is used to illustrate the ability of the developed decision support tool to handle the uncertainty attached to wind power generation and its effectiveness in realising energy-related objectives in manufacturing.

Effect of the Wind Power Generation Facilities on the Power Quality of Power System

In this study, we have investigated the effect of the wind power generation facilities on the power quality of interconnected wind power generation system. When the wind power generation facility was connected to the distribution system, whether the wind power generation is under operation or not, voltage variation was increased to 0.34%, peak factor of current was increased to 0.145 and phase difference was increased to 0.6° deviation(2.5 times). Harmonic current % in orders was increased to 29.4%, 14.7% and 3.73% at 3rd, 5th and 9th orders respectively. When the wind power generation facilities were not under operation, harmonic current THD(263.7%) was above the technical criteria of domestic power company(5%) and also, harmonic current % in orders(12.4%, 14.2%, 19.4% and 8.06% at 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th respectively) were above the technical criteria of domestic power company(below 4% under 11th orders). Therefore, it was confirmed that the wind power generation facility, when it was connected to the existing distribution system, made bad influence on the power qualities.

広域連系による平滑化効果を用いた再生可能エネルギーの最適分散配置の研究

When solar and wind power generation facilities are installed in a wide area and interconnected at a suitable rate, a wide range of potential power fluctuations can be smoothed. Moreover, when power output is smoothed by interconnecting renewable energy facilities over a wide area, the cost to stabilize the supply of electricity can decrease significantly. However, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to clarify the type and rated capacity of the renewable energy facilities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a computer algorithm that identifies the most economically advantageous power source when solar and wind power generation facilities are interconnected over a wide area. In the proposed genetic algorithm (GA), many power sources with nonlinear characteristics and variables can be managed. Using the algorithm, the system planning requirements for the interconnection of these renewable energy facilities over a wide area were optimized. On the basis of these results, the kind and capacity of renewable energy considered to be the most economically advantageous to the region were identified and evaluated.

Maintenance Policy of Wind Power Generation Facilities in our Company

Maintenance Policy of Wind Power Generation Facilities in our Company

A204 風力発電設備の雷害保護(OS2 再生可能エネルギー)

Lightning protection of wind turbines as a measure, analyze, organize a manufacturer of lightningprotection lightning protection measures in law and traditional IEC standards. With lightningprotection measures to consider based on the lightning damage to the windmill in our country, to organize measures for lightning protection of wind turbines in our country. Was based on the current situation we consider each of these factors for lightning protection measures for wind power generation facilities. In order to fully use the features of wind power generation facilities as LPS, it is necessary protective measures in the future of individual trials demonstrated grasp of texture and lightning. These will contribute to improve the performance of wind turbines in the future of our country.

Enhancing Carcass Removal Trials at Three Wind Energy Facilities in Portugal

During the last years there has been a significant worldwide increase in the number of wind farms. This kind of energy can have negative impacts, such as the direct mortality or lethal injury of birds and bats caused by collision with wind turbines. In order to evaluate bird (or bat) mortality regarding wind power generation facilities, strict monitoring protocols are required which must take into account the possibility of carcass removal by scavenging animals or decomposition before the monitoring session. For this purpose, carcass removal trials with 180 carcasses representing three size classes (small, medium and large) were conducted in two seasons (Spring and Autumn) at three wind farms located in the central region of Portugal. No significant differences were found between removal rates of different wind farms or size classes contrarily to seasons, which presented an average carcass removal time of 3.9 and 4.6 days, respectively for Spring and Autumn. The results of the present study showed the importance of trials to estimate the carcass removal rates, which influences the survey effort management and consequently the monitoring protocols. The experimental design for future trials in the same region should account for season effect and be conducted using daily checks of the carcasses for, at least, 15 days.