Hybrid Wind Energy System Research Articles

A Photovoltaic and Wind-Powered Electric Vehicle with a Charge Equalizer

This research aims at proposing an alternative to improve the efficiency of electric vehicles (EVs) and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the context of electric mobility. A photovoltaic and wind hybrid energy system was installed in a Chok S2 electric vehicle. In addition, a charge equalization system was included to balance and maximize the performance of each of the EV’s five batteries connected in series. The results show a 20% improvement in vehicle efficiency after conducting tests on a 17 km Andean route. The photovoltaic system generated 535 W, while the wind system generated 135 W/s at a speed of 45 km/h. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid renewable energy systems to improve the efficiency and range of electric vehicles.

Review on Generation of Solar Wind Hybrid Energy System

Abstract: In today’s technology driven world electricity is one of the foremost thing for our day to day life activities. As we all are oblivious of the fact that the renewable sources of energy are depleting at a lightning-fast rate. So it’s time for us to shift the focus from conventional to non-conventional sources of energy to produce electricity. The output of the electricity produced by non-conventional sources is less than their counterparts. Renewable sources do not have any detrimental effect on the environment.

Revamped System Performance of Grid-Interactive Hybrid DFIG-PV System Using WSO Based Dual Layer MRFKMP Adaptive Control

Due to the stochastic characteristicsof wind, keeping high-quality power into the grid-dependent hybrid wind energy systems is important for effective energy utilization, especially when there are non-linear loads involved. In this paper, a dual layer random features kernel mean p-power (MRFKMP) adaptive control for the grid interfaced converter of a DFIG-PV based hybrid energy system is implemented for the purpose of maintaining power balances and quality power at both the source and grid ends while operating at unity power factor. The introduced control extracts the weight of stator and load current components with finer convergence and lower computational complexity, excluding complex reference transformations. The dual layer adaptive control improves grid side converter functionality by improving power quality, interruption of loads, taking into account reactive power and harmonic remediation under steady-state and dynamic scenarios.In the secondary step, to achieve optimal DFIG-PV control response, the stability of the DC-link, which is themain coupling element for power transfer between DFIG, solar PV, and battery energy storage (BES), is reinforced by tuning the DC link voltage controller with the white shark optimization (WSO) algorithm. Under the worst-case scenario of large step wind change, the primacy of the envisaged WSO algorithm for tuning DC-link PI controller has been evidenced. It is discovered that WSO tuning positively affects the settling time and oscillatory response of the DC-link voltage not just at the outset, but also throughout the subjugated dynamic wind speedchange.Power flow to the grid is stable due to optimized DC-link voltage performance. WSO parameter tuning improved efficiency is validated using MATLAB simulation results and compared to GA and PSO techniques in this study.

Technical, economic, and CO2 emissions assessment of green hydrogen production from solar/wind energy: The case of Chile

Chile has the potential to become a leading producer of green hydrogen because of its abundance of renewable energy sources. This study has developed a model that examines the costs of producing green hydrogen using a solar and wind hybrid energy system in four locations in Chile, and also evaluates the emissions produced. The model uses local solar and wind generation data to determine the optimal capacity of the on-site solar PV and wind subsystems and the electrolyzer. The results indicate that green hydrogen can be produced at competitive prices, ranging from US$2.09/kg to US$3.28/kg, with very low CO2 emissions of 1.06–1.57 kg CO2e/kg H2. Additionally, the study suggests that using the hybrid electrolysis plant for hydrogen production is less polluting than the steam methane reforming process, which is currently the most widely used method. These findings can be used as a model for the development of emission laws and regulations related to clean technologies as well as a possible indicator for the pricing of green hydrogen.

Configuration optimization of a renewable hybrid system including biogas generator, photovoltaic panel and wind turbine: Particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms

The main contribution of this paper is to formulate the problem of optimal design of renewable wind/solar/biomass hybrid system for grid-independent applications in a region of Iran and to compare the genetic algorithm (GA) and performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO) on this optimization problem. There are many types of research on solar and wind hybrid energy systems, but research on solar/wind/biomass hybrid energy systems is rare. The biomass energy system can be used as a support and complementary system along with wind and solar energy systems. This paper studies the optimum design of a biomass/PV/wind energy system for independent applications. The objective of the optimum design problem is to minimize the total net present cost (TNPC) of the PV/wind/biomass system during its lifetime subject to some constraints by adjusting three decision variables, namely the swept area of wind turbines, the area of PV panels and the capacity of biogas generators. For this aim, two efficient metaheuristic techniques of GA and PSO are used to solve the optimization problem. Simulation results show that PV/biomass system is the most cost-effective one for supplying the demanded load. Moreover, PSO leads to better results than GA.

Electrification and performance analysis of hybrid PV solar/wind energy system for remote and hilly area of Uttarakhand (India)

The need of electricity increases day by day, due to increase in population. With LPG cylinder rates touching stratospheric heights even though new LPG connections have been provided in the remote villages of Uttrakhand, people have no money to purchase the cylinders. Therefore it becomes a necessity to provide uninterrupted power to each family in each locality including remote and tribal’s of Uttarakhand so that they can cook their food on induction tops instead of shifting back to smoky ways of producing fire. This Paper is for analysis of power supply using Solar and Wind hybrid energy system in belts that lie in north-east of Uttarakhand. This area includes some part of Dehradun, Tehri, Pithoragarh, Champawat, Bageshwar, Almora, some part of Nainital and Rudraprayag. There are some hilly/tribal areas where population is less than 30 persons per square kilometers. People in such areas live in scattered homes. The entire area having mountainous topography results in very costly supply of electricity to each and every home. Further continuous supply of electricity to these remote areas of Uttarakhand is also a big challenge. Hybrid Solar PV and Wind Energy is very useful for these areas. For rural area of Uttarakhand it plays a major role to fulfill the requirement of energy. Electrification of households in rural areas and isolated regions results in balanced economic development. India grows with a high population growth rate of 0.95 % in current year but still parts of rural India and isolated regions do not have the accessibility to electric power. This study focuses on the feasibility study of a hybrid PV-Wind-Energy power system for rural electrification in Uttarakhand.

Feasibility and optimal operation of micro energy hybrid system (hydro/wind) in the rural valley region

Abstract With the increase in the global and local demand for electrical energy, which is necessary for the functioning of several fields such as the economy and agriculture, this study introduces a micro-hydro–wind hybrid system in order to obtain an economic feasibility of the off-grid isolated and renewable energy system. The main objective of this research is to determine the optimum design size for a hydro–wind hybrid energy system that is supposed to meet the demand for the electric load in front of a valley in Algeria called Yesser with variable water flow and wind speeds in three positions. Batteries are supplied to increase the reliability of the system when the performance of the wind turbine energy and the flow rate of the hydro system are evaluated. This system is proposed to reduce financial costs in addition to the possibility of providing interchangeable energy and operating reserves with short start times. The Homer Pro software is used to model the hybrid renewable energy system and to perform the required analysis of the economic side of the system in terms of the valley's flow rate and the wind speed. The average speed of the water flow in Yesser valley is varied between 10 and 24.6 m3/s, and three cases of the valley's flow rate were studied with the maximum and minimum wind speeds: the passage (the transit) with 10 m3/s, the downstream (the estuary) with 19 m3/s and the valley's upstream (the source) with 24.6 m3/s. From the results, it appears that the hydro power was not enough to meet the load demand in the first area (the transit); however, the hydro/wind hybrid system was capable to feed the required load. For the second area (the estuary) the wind power was needed just in summer season, and for the third area (the source) the hydro generator was sufficient to feed the load all the year as the hydro power generated exceeds the load demand. The Homer Pro software calculations prove that the financial cost of the system is inversely proportional with the wind speed, such that the higher the wind speed the lower the cost of the system, the same relationship is for the flow rate speed as we consider the third case the most cost-effective with 61 330.46 USD.

Solar PV-Wind Hybrid Energy Generation System

Renewable energy systems area unit seemingly to become wide spread within the future thanks to adverse environmental impacts and step-up in energy prices connected with the exercise of established energy sources. Solar and wind energy resources area unit various to every different which can have the particular potential to satisfy the load quandary to a point. However, such solutions any time researched severally aren't entirely trustworthy thanks to their impact of unstable nature. During this perspective, autonomous electrical phenomenon and wind hybrid energy systems are found to be a lot of economically viable various to meet the energy demands of diverse isolated shoppers worldwide. Conservation of energy is extremely traditional these days however management of energy is extremely essential issue to figure on the idea of change to energy generation devices for continuous provide of dc storage conjointly demand of electricity is increasing day by day however accessible wattage plants aren't ready to provide electricity as per the strain wants. The main objective of the project is to supply a framework for promotion of enormous grid connected wind - solar PV hybrid system for optimum and economical utilization of transmission infrastructure and land. Project conjointly aims to encourage new technologies, ways and way-outs involving military operation of wind and solar PV plants. Battery storage could also be other to the hybrid project to cut back the variability of output power from wind solar hybrid plant, for providing higher energy output for a given capability at delivery purpose, by putting in further capability of wind and solar energy in an exceedingly wind solar hybrid plant and making certain handiness of firm power for a specific amount.

Optimum Controller Design Go Overall Quality Enhancement of System with Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources

Grid-tied photovoltaic systems are power-generating systems that are connected with grids. Designing of a grid integrated solar wind hybrid energy system for driving loads for improving its reliability and efficiency. This study of designing an inverter control that attains lower distortion level in the voltage as well as current waveforms. The controller should reduce the spikes at the transient loading point when the system is subjected to sudden load changes. The system is to be integrated with the fuel system also to obtain the energy efficiency. The fuel system would be connected in parallel to the DC voltage output of the solar/wind hybrid system. And Improvement in the reactive power output from the system by the inverter control by designed hybrid system that can compensate the reactive power requirement when required. This project should attain the hybrid solar/wind/fuel system with proposed controller to improve the output parameters. The final hybrid system with fuel cell integration was studied for the total harmonic distortion in the voltage and current waveform. The distortion level in the voltage waveform was found to be 0.39% and that in the current waveform was 1.95%. It is under the IEEE acceptable limits.

CCSA Algorithm Compensator Designing in a Solar wind Hybrid Energy System

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in moving away from large centralized electricity production towards distributed energy resources. In this paper are designing of a Hybrid solar/wind system as well as integrating it with the grid system in MATLAB /SIMULINK environment. And Designing of a compensating device and compare it with the basic STATCOM compensator for active power output enhancement in the system. The compensating device control has to be designed with a linear crow optimizing algorithm to obtain a smooth voltage and current waveform. Reduction in the distortion level of the voltage output at the grid system is to be done by using the proposed optimizer. The description concludes that the hybrid system is made efficient for driving the loads having enhanced active power output at its terminal. The voltage available has been made less distorted and the THD level in current output has also came down.

Super Capacitor-based Inverter control using Fuzzy Controller Wind Energy System connected to Weak Grid

In this article, a fuzzy based inverter control is applied to a weak grid connected wind energy system. Whenever Wind Energy system connected to battery storage or super capacitor, which is nothing but a Hybrid Energy System (HES). These Wind HES are sometimes subjected to transients and gives sluggish dynamic output as the wind speed varies and moreover the generator inertia doesn't allow quick rotation when wind is blown to turbine. So, these transients and dynamic results are modified using the fuzzy based inverter control technique. This controlling technique brings a Super-Capacitor (SC) quick charging/discharging features for buck-boost converter. The transient behavior and the frequency response of the system is improved with buck–boost converter that conducts bi-directionally. Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) used in the control technique produces the controlled reference output required for the inverter operation. Fuzzy based inverter control scheme designed and analyzed under the weak grid condition. The new control method used for weak grid/load like marine electrical system, this wind energy system decreases the fossil fuels use and the entire proposing work is to be analyzed in MATLAB Simulink environment. The outcomes are presented and compared to the traditional control technique to justify the reduced the oscillations and improvement in the quality of power.

Optimal sizing of stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic/wind system using BAT algorithm

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new optimal sizing methodology for a stand-alone PV–wind hybrid (PWH) energy system that is serving the electricity demand for an offshore petroleum platform. A BAT optimisation technique is implemented to minimise the annualised cost of the system (ACS) considering power balance constraint and to determine the optimal number of PV panels, wind turbines and batteries. The comparison of BAT algorithm with Homer and particle swarm optimisation algorithm is done in this paper and it shows that BAT algorithm finds optimal sizing of PWH easily with lower cost. The results show that considering reliability characteristics has a major impact on optimal sizing, load supply level and cost.

A Mathematical Model Development for Assessing the Engineering and Economic Improvement of Wave and Wind Hybrid Energy System

All aspects of human life require some source of energy. Fossil fuels are predicted to be exhausted in some decades. Moreover, their consumption is known to be very harmful to all living species. Wind and wave powers, as renewable energy sources with no emissions, represent better alternatives for electricity generation. The aim of the present study is to develop a model to assess a wave–wind hybrid energy system. The idea of adding a wave energy harvester to a floating or a fixed-support wind turbine structure contributes to increase the system reliability. Thus, a mathematical model was used to assess not only the components of the wind–wave hybrid system (e.g., wind turbine, wave converter, and foundation), but also the system costs and the cost recovery period. The wave energy converter selected for the hybrid device was a Wavestar prototype combined with a wind turbine. The engineering and economic improvements of the system and associated costs were calculated. Two case studies of the proposed hybrid system in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and the North Sea were assessed. It was concluded that the annual energy production from the wind–wave hybrid device in the North Sea was 64.3% higher than that in the Mediterranean Sea. As a result, the cost of energy (in USD/kWh) in the North Sea was lower than that in the Mediterranean Sea, making the hybrid technology commercially feasible.

Economic and performance investigation of hybrid PV/wind/battery energy system for isolated Andaman and Nicobar islands, India

ABSTRACT This study presents an economic and performance investigation of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV), wind and PV–wind hybrid energy system for isolated Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. The optimal location is obtained from the highest solar insolation and wind speed data available from island geographic coordinates. The analysis is carried out by considering a typical seasonal load profile for the isolated single household. The cost of energy obtained from simulation results is found to be 0.583 US$/kWh (for stand-alone PV system), 0.394 US$/kWh (for stand-alone wind system) and 0.434 US$/kWh (for hybrid PV–wind system) with a capacity shortage of 5.6%, 10.3% and 1.2%, respectively. Besides the monthly average electricity generation, excess electricity generation, unmet electrical load, capacity shortage, converter output, battery state of charge, battery input/output power are also compared. The obtained results show that the implementation of stand-alone PV–wind hybrid system is a viable option in the aforementioned region.

Constant-power management algorithms of a hybrid wind energy system

As a source of renewable energy, wind is known for the uneven amounts of power it yields owing to its naturally varying speed and the technical difficulties attendant upon wind turbine (WT)/permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and energy storage system (ESS) control. This is a serious problem which necessitates tackling if WT energy is to be relied upon producing a constant power. To solve these issues, the present paper develops and assesses a control system that is aimed to ensure the regular feeding of a given power grid with a steady energy flow. It investigates both components of the hybrid wind energy system (HWES), viz., the WT/PMSG ensemble constituting the principal element of wind energy harnessing and the ESS composed of batteries and supercapacitors. The control system suggested here consists of two supervision algorithms (basic/modified) developed according to the constraints of the different elements of HWES. While the first algorithm deals with the state of charge of the storage system, the second takes account the wind speed. The hybrid system is developed and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. Satisfactory control results are obtained, which testify the efficiency of the basic/modified algorithm-based control system.

Active Load Simulation Study of Solar and Wind Hybrid Energy System in Stand-alone Mode of Operation

Background: This work presents results based on realistic data as inputs obtained from the NASA surface metrology consisting a PV-Wind hybrid system. Methods: This system includes PV and wind subsystems, load and a hybrid system. The system included a 3.6kW PV array and a 3.2kW wind turbine and collected realistic data from January to December 2015 from the NASA website at Manipal location (INDIA) to calculate the solar and wind power. The study simulated daily and monthly data, and validated the simulation results for the physical system. Two Boost converters transfer a maximum power of Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) and Photo Voltaic (PV) system to DC link. These converters are operated based on Perturb and Observed (P & O) MPPT algorithm and with a change in duty cycle. Based on PQ control strategy, the single-phase voltage source inverter supplies power to the grid and maintains the DC link voltage 400V

Development of a mathematical model to design an offshore wind and wave hybrid energy system

Fossil Fuels are always considered as environmental pollutants. On the other hand, the political and economic situations highly affect the price of these fuels. Offshore wind and wave, as renewable energy sources, represent the better alternatives for electricity generation. Therefore, it is necessary that wind speeds effectively be estimated due to the absence of field measurements of the wind speed above the surface of the sea in many regions. In this paper, the annual-average wind speed above the sea is calculated mathematically. Wind data obtained from onshore monitoring stations were analyzed to obtain wind power density above the sea. In addition, this study provides information on the variation of the wave energy using Beaufort scale and wind speeds. This allows an approximate estimation of energies corresponding to various wave heights in that region. Besides, a mathematical model was developed to assess wave and wind hybrid energy system. Thus, using a mathematical model, wind-wave hybrid system components were: wind turbine, wave converter and foundation. The wave energy converter (WEC) selected for the hybrid device is Wavestar prototype which was combined with a wind turbine. As for case study, the wind speed as well as the resulting wind and wave power potential in the area of Eastern Mediterranean Sea and the North Sea were determined and the assessment were done for the designed hybrid system. It can be concluded that the annual energy production from hybrid wind-wave device in the North Sea is 64.3% more than its value in the Mediterranean Sea.

Techno-Economic Analysis of a Stand-Alone Hybrid Wind Energy System with Fuel Cell Case Study: Kouhin Region in Qazvin

Techno-Economic Analysis of a Stand-Alone Hybrid Wind Energy System with Fuel Cell Case Study: Kouhin Region in Qazvin

Optimal Sizing of Battery Energy Storage System for Smoothing Power Fluctuations of a PV/Wind Hybrid System

Abstract This paper presents an approach to size the battery energy storage system (BESS) for the suppression of the output power fluctuations in a solar photovoltaic (PV)/Wind hybrid energy system. The strategy presented uses a dynamic averaging technique, with a different number of samples in order to produce different smoothing levels in the output power. The key advantage of the proposed strategy is that, apart from sizing the BESS, the same strategy can be implemented in real time to perform the energy management for the system. The gravitational search algorithm (GSA) has been used to find the optimum size of the BESS which will be able to produce the required level of smoothing. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy has been verified through a case study presented and the results indicate that the strategy is effectively able to size the BESS for reduced power fluctuations from the system. To verify the robustness of the proposed strategy, the uncertainty in the climatic conditions has also been considered and the results indicate that the proposed strategy works well even in the case of a change in the climatic conditions.

Wind-hybrid Power Generation Systems Using Renewable Energy Sources- A Review

The depleting conventional energy sources and world population growth at a rapid rate predict the severe global energy crisis in near future. As an alternative, the world has started considering renewable energy sources as they are ubiquitous, environmentally affable and freely available. One of the fastest expanding renewable energy sources is wind energy. The wind energy systems, while operating alone, may not be practical for fulfilling the electric load demands owing to the low wind speeds and high unpredictability. A wind-hybrid energy system comprises of the wind energy system combined with one or more other renewable energy systems and a suitable backup system in the form of batteries bank or diesel generator. Combined operation enhances the reliability and compensates for the unpredictability. This paper presents a detailed study dealing with the different wind-hybrid energy systems in order to yield a useful reference for the concerned researchers.