Help Of Wind Research Articles

Bioinspired Synergy Strategies Empower Small‐Scale Robots with Higher Performance

Small‐scale robots need to be agile to perform various tasks in complex environments and the design faces great challenges with limited size and power consumption. However, the advent of advanced functional materials, compliant structures/mechanisms, and flexible fabrication techniques has brought new evolution directions to robotics. These technologies enrich the robots' actuation strategies, improving their performance of small robots while simplifying the complexity of the system and thus making it possible to be applied in diverse scenarios, such as disaster rescue, medical, and environmental exploration. In nature, small organisms have shown numerous efficient survival strategies. They can easily achieve locomotion tasks with low energy consumption. For example, dragonflies complete long flights with the help of wind, and stenus (one kind of rove beetle) uses the surface tension of liquids to dodge prey quickly. Insects are usually considered to be agile, efficient, and intelligent, which is the same requirement as for small robots. Yet the corresponding bioinspired design strategies bring new opportunities and challenges to the development of small‐scale robots. Herein, the development trends of small‐scale robots are analyzed and discussed, and several potential bioinspired synergy strategies are induced, which may be useful for the future design of insect‐level soft robots.

​Symptoms, Biology and Management of Ascochyta Blight (Phoma exigua) of French Beans: A Review

French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a major export vegetable crop that is experiencing severe production problems because of the disease Ascochyta blight (Phoma exigua). The crop can be consumed as a green-pods, dry (mature) beans and shell beans. This is one of the major crops that can be grown all over the world. The most damaging disease of this pulse crop occurring worldwide is Ascochyta blight, attracts a lot of attention from researchers. The pathogen has the ability to significantly reduce yields. In certain parts of the world, it is thus known as a major economically significant disease of the common bean. Understanding the Ascochyta blight of French bean pathogen, disease growth, disease cycle and management strategies for efficient disease control will be the subject of this review. This pathogen first infects the foliage and then on peduncle, petiole, node, on pods and even cause stem girdling also. And there will be formation of clearly visible concentric rings of the fruiting bodies in symptoms. The disease is seed-borne and short distance spread will be with the help of wind and rain-splashes.

On the robust autorotation of a samara-inspired rotor in gusty environments

Autorotating samaras have evolved to propagate successfully to their germination sites with the help of wind. This wind, in turn, is inherently unsteady across an extensive range of scales in the atmospheric boundary layer. To generate lift, samaras rely on the formation of a stably-attached leading-edge vortex (LEV) on the suction side of their wings. The kinematics of autorotating samaras experiencing gusts were examined experimentally in order to provide insights into the aerodynamic mechanisms responsible for successful propagation. The gust response of seven mature Boxelder Maple (Acer negundo) samaras was investigated using a small unsteady wind tunnel able to create vertical gusts. Interestingly, the samaras were found to have a stable tip-speed ratio (λ) during the gust phase, thus suggesting that the LEV remained stably-attached. Inspired by samaras, we designed a three-bladed rotor that incorporates key aerodynamic and geometric properties of samaras so as to exhibit a stably-attached LEV. The gust response of the samara-inspired rotor was examined using a towing-tank facility. The gust was emulated in the towing tank by accelerating the rotor from an initial steady speed to a final steady speed. Different gust intensities were tested by varying the rotor’s normalized inertia number (I*) by systematically increasing the rotor moment of inertia (I). Similar to the natural samaras, the rotor exhibited a robust tip-speed ratio during all simulated gusts. The rotor’s tip-speed ratio increased by a maximum of 11% and 6% during the slowest and fastest simulated gusts, respectively. By maintaining a stable tip-speed ratio during the gust, the samara-inspired rotor is thought to maintain stable LEVs resulting in stable autorotation. Therefore, by learning from the samara-inspired rotor, we suggest that samaras propagate successfully from their parent trees in unsteady (realistic) environments in part due to their robust autorotation properties.

Modelling Casuarina junghuhniana dispersal in Tengger sea of sands of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park using cellular automata

The growing of population of a pioneer species may show a unique behavior. Casuarina junghuhniana is reported as a pioneer species, this is because of its tolerance to adverse environment and transform it to become inhabitable for other organism. A comprehensive method involving field observation, the use of mathematical model and computation to understand plants behavior still needs to be developed. This paper is attempting to show a method to build a model for showing unique dispersal behavior of Casuarina junghuhniana. A relatively straightforward use of Fisher’s reaction diffusion equation, cellular automata based modeling and programming can show behavior easier to understand on a grid space. Some assumption must be used to represent the C. junghuhniana dispersal. As it is known that C. junghuhniana can reproduce both vegetatively and generatively, and both were assumed to have different dispersal behavior. Vegetative reproduction using shoots emerging from roots has pattern to spread close to each other. While generative reproduction by seeds which is lightweight has possibility spread further with the help of wind. The total model area of 1km 2 was divided into 300 × 300 cells which represents 1 km 2 area. Cellular automata apply the same rule to each cell and the result was observed from the pattern of cells interaction. A simple program was developed using Python with Jupyter Notebook an interactive computing environment. The number of iteration was limited before observed simulation reached one of area boundaries. The simulation running time was greatly reduced using Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) parallel processing. NUMBA was used as an interface between python and Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), the GPU programming API. The simulation showed behavior of the trees spread downward along the slope. The wind direction simulation with additional data from wind rose available from internet was also demonstrated in the simulation. Modeling dispersal with influence from wind showed more sporadic pattern at further distance from originating parents cluster. The trees in the simulation showed clusters in dispersal pattern when rely more on generative reproduction. When the trees rely on vegetative reproduction by roots shoots, the population showed more like continuous cover. When concerning real 3 dimensional aspect, this simulation still can not distinguish vertical (z axis) aspect. It means two points would be seen as close to each other although they actually have far vertical distance. At this stage, the simulation has not yet been optimized to easily convert input from the wind rose. The wind information still needs to be written as code into the program.

Methodology of training music education in children and young people with the help of wind and percussion instruments, in the fanfare ensemble

The artistic phenomenon of fanfare music for ensembles made up of children and youth has seen a large development in the NV region of the country in recent years, through the enthusiasm of some musicians, teachers or conductors, but also through the openness to culture of some local communities. The assimilation of musical and instrumental notions was done through individual study coordinated by teachers or conductors, and the musical product was assembled in the band, to be presented in concerts and parades. The teaching methods used in the training of these instrumentalists are the methods used in vocational art education, although they studied the instrument as amateurs. The artistic results made the individual products (instrumentalists) become a nursery for music faculties and academies in Transylvania.

Design modification of three-blade horizontal-axis wind turbine for noise reduction

Wind energy is used for eco-friendly electrical power generation with high moment forces through turbine rotation with the help of wind. Although it has good electrical power generation, the noise produced by a wind turbine impacts the environment by creating different sound pressure levels. In this paper, the design of horizontal-axis wind turbine blades (NACA 63-215), which have a rotor diameter of 80 m, will be done by using computer-aided modelling and computer flow analysis software, in which the blades are designed using the theory of aerodynamics by taking appropriate twist angles and chord lengths. At the end of design, it is scaled to 1:200 ratio for 3D printing of blades and also finding and studying the sound power levels through the sound level meter, which is electro acoustic integrated system, which gives different frequencies based on sound pressure levels for the 3D-printed blade.

Winds of Change

Could a new generation of innovative propulsion technologies that harness the power of the wind help the shipping industry clean up its act?

Winnowing algorithm with enhanced exploration to optimise portfolio weights

The winnowing algorithm is a newly introduced natural computing algorithm. It is inspired by the real world winnowing process which is a separation process used to separate heavier and lighter components from the mixture by the help of wind. The winnowing algorithm has been found accurate, robust and effective in the comparative analysis of experimental results with other state-of-the-art natural computing algorithms. Similar to other natural computing algorithms, the winnowing algorithm also attempts to explore search space as broadly as possible along with exploiting generated solutions to obtain optimal solution iteration by iteration. This paper presents an enhanced approach for the exploration of the search space to further improve the performance of this algorithm. The performance of the algorithm has been tested on the standard dataset of five assets to optimise portfolio weights. Obtained results show significant improvement in the performance of the algorithm.

Winnowing algorithm with enhanced exploration to optimise portfolio weights

The winnowing algorithm is a newly introduced natural computing algorithm. It is inspired by the real world winnowing process which is a separation process used to separate heavier and lighter components from the mixture by the help of wind. The winnowing algorithm has been found accurate, robust and effective in the comparative analysis of experimental results with other state-of-the-art natural computing algorithms. Similar to other natural computing algorithms, the winnowing algorithm also attempts to explore search space as broadly as possible along with exploiting generated solutions to obtain optimal solution iteration by iteration. This paper presents an enhanced approach for the exploration of the search space to further improve the performance of this algorithm. The performance of the algorithm has been tested on the standard dataset of five assets to optimise portfolio weights. Obtained results show significant improvement in the performance of the algorithm.

MISALIGNMENT AND LAG TIME OF WIND AND WAVE OCCURRENCE BASED ON 10 YEARS MEASUREMENTS IN THE NORTH SEA NEAR THE GERMAN COAST

There are several intentions to analyze the correlation of wind and wave data, especially in the North Sea. Fatigue damage is intensified by wind and wave loads acting from different directions, due to the misaligned aerodynamic damping of the rotor regarding the wave loads from lateral directions. Furthermore, construction time and costs are mainly driven by the operational times of the working vessels, which strongly depend on the wind and wave occurrence and correlation. Turbulent wind can rapidly change its direction and intensity, while the inert water waves react slowly in relation to the wind profile. Tuerk (2008) investigates the impact of wind and turbulence on offshore wind turbines by analyzing data of four years. The study shows that the wave height is increasing with higher wind speeds but when the wind speed drops the reaction of the waves is postponed. The dependence of the wave height on the wind speed is varying because of the atmospheric stability and different wind directions. Fischer et al. (2011) estimated absolute values of misalignment between wind and waves located in the Dutch North Sea. The study presents decreasing misalignment for increasing wind speeds, ranging up to 90 degrees for wind speeds below 12 m/s and up to 30 degrees for wind speeds above 20 m/s. Bredmose et al. (2013) present a method of offshore wind and wave simulation by using metocean data. The study describes characteristics of the wind and wave climate for the North and Baltic Sea as well as the directional distribution of wind and waves. Güner et al. (2013) cover the development of a statistical wave model for the Karaburun coastal zone located at the southwest coast of the Black Sea with the help of wind and wave measurements and showed that the height of the waves is directly correlating with the duration of the wind for the last four hours.

National experts consensus on clinical application of collagen-based wound biomaterials (2018 version)

Collagen, as the main structural protein in human body, plays an important role in the wound healing process. Due to their inherent hemostatic characteristics, good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, as well as controllable biodegradability, collagen-based materials have attracted much attention. In this article, we mainly introduce the characteristics of collagen-based wound biomaterials and the application mechanism as scaffold and wound dressing. And the standard and unified experts' consensus formed on the clinical indications, recommended applications, contraindications, and matters needing attention. The consensus wound help clinicians and patients to recognize collagen-based wound biomaterials correctly and use them rationally.

National experts consensus on clinical application of collagen-based wound biomaterials (2018 version)

Collagen, as the main structural protein in human body, plays an important role in the wound healing process. Due to their inherent hemostatic characteristics, good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, as well as controllable biodegradability, collagen-based materials have attracted much attention. In this article, we mainly introduce the characteristics of collagen-based wound biomaterials and the application mechanism as scaffold and wound dressing. And the standard and unified experts' consensus formed on the clinical indications, recommended applications, contraindications, and matters needing attention. The consensus wound help clinicians and patients to recognize collagen-based wound biomaterials correctly and use them rationally.

A model of spreading forest fires

Current article describes a mathematical model for throwing burning wood material out of a main body of fire with a help of wind. A problem is solved by numerical way and it is given some of results, which are received during numerical experiment.

固定席背面を利用した吹出方式による大規模屋内スタジアムの空調計画

Design approach of air-conditioning system is described for a large indoor stadium project. Displacement ventilation using task air supply system is adopted to minimize air conditioning space which is expected to contribute energy savings. Dack surface of the fixed seats is used to control air distribution around spectators. Exhaust air is sucked from the roof vent where wind help to make negative pressure by airfoil effect. Full-sized model is used to decide the optimum shape of the seats, and to confirm human comfort conditions of the system. In this paper, we report the study process and results of the experiments.

Lake Michigan Dune Development 1. Wind-Velocity Profiles

Biram anemometer measurements over a sand dune before and after experimental planting of sandbinding marram grass shows how effectively it reduces wind velocities very near the surface. The effective surface roughness parameter or height of zero mean velocity increased from about 0.03 to 1 cm. Idealized models for biotic and topographic factors influencing wind help explain normal dune development.