Willingness For Collaboration Research Articles

Developing an evaluation system for green resin suppliers in the plastic toy industry based on collaboration willingness

Developing an evaluation system for green resin suppliers in the plastic toy industry based on collaboration willingness

Teaming with a Robot in Mixed Reality: Dynamics of Trust, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Models Affected by Information Richness

This study employs an innovative mixed-reality game to investigate trust, self-efficacy, and collaboration willingness with a mobile robot in relation to information and mental models. Previous research has demonstrated the significant impact of introductory information on technology use and trust, which further evolves over the course of interactions. Expanding on this, we explore new facets of information content through comprehensive measurements in two empirical studies: In study 1, 68 participants watched one of two video tutorials (high or low information richness) before collaborating with a physical robot in a shared virtual 3D environment. Repeated measures served to investigate temporal dynamics. In study 2, 37 participants additionally engaged in qualitative interviews to better understand how their mental models changed with increasing robot experience. Both tutorials were found to influence user trust and self-efficacy over time, with no significant differences between the two variants. Users valued information on how to communicate with the robot, but still relied on trial-and-error approaches. We argue for a moderating effect of information content and richness and highlight the need for carefully designed tutorials to enhance human-robot interaction.

Southern Ocean food-webs and climate change: A short review and future directions

Food-webs are a critical feature of ecosystems and help us understand how communities will respond to climate change. The Southern Ocean is facing rapid and accelerating changes due to climate change. Though having evolved in an isolated and somewhat extreme environment, Southern Ocean biodiversity and food-webs are among the most vulnerable. Here, we review 1) current knowledge on Southern Ocean food-webs; 2) methods to study food-webs; 3) assessment of current and future impacts of climate change on Southern Ocean food-webs; 4) knowledge gaps; and 5) the role of Early Career Researchers (ECRs) in future studies. Most knowledge on Southern Ocean food-webs come from the pelagic environment, both at macro- and microbial levels. Modelling and diet studies of individual species are major contributors to the food-web knowledge. These studies revealed a short food-web, predominantly sustained by Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba). Additionally, alternative pathways exist, involving other krill species, fish, and squid, which play equally important roles in connecting primary producers with top predators. Advantages and disadvantages of several techniques used to study Southern Ocean food-webs were identified, from the classical analyses of stomach contents, scats, or boluses to the most recent approaches such as metabarcoding and trophic-biomarkers. Observations show that climate change can impact the food-web in different ways. As an example, changes to smaller phytoplankton species can lengthen the food-web, increasing assimilation losses and/or changing nutrient cycles. Future studies need to focus on the benthic-dominated food-webs and the benthopelagic coupling. Furthermore, research during the winter season and below the ice-shelves is needed as these areas may play a crucial role in the functioning of this ecosystem. ECRs can play a significant role in advancing the study of Southern Ocean food-webs due to their willingness for interdisciplinary collaboration and proficiency in employing various methodologies, contributing to the construction of high-resolution food-webs.

Developing a Green Supplier Evaluation System for the Chinese Electric Vehicle Battery Manufacturing Industry Based on Supplier Willingness to Participate in Green Collaboration

To control the carbon emission problem arising from the manufacturing process of electric vehicle batteries, green collaboration with raw material and equipment suppliers is critical. However, Chinese electric vehicle battery manufacturers are still unsure how to measure suppliers’ green collaboration willingness, and existing studies have also failed to develop an evaluation system for such measurement. Therefore, this article aims to build a supplier evaluation system based on the green collaboration willingness for Chinese electric vehicle battery manufacturers. Based on the above, this article designs an analysis process based on the case study method concept and combines it with the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory, analytic network process, and best-worst method to develop a methodology. The research results show the following. 1) The evaluation system involves four criteria, including the ability to meet buyer needs, the relationship between manufacturers and suppliers, responsibility and commitment, and the implementation of environmental management, of which the ability to meet buyer needs is the most important criterion. 2) The relationships between manufacturers and suppliers are a critical criterion for measuring suppliers’ willingness to collaborate in green supply chain improvement. 3) Based on the abovementioned factors, we also identify a causal relationship between the critical criterion and other criteria. In contribution, in addition to filling the gap in the literature, the evaluation system proposed in this article can also help battery manufacturers select suppliers with high collaboration willingness to promote the decarbonization of battery production.

Sinergitas Industri Lokal Penyelenggara Wisata MICE dan Event di Destinasi Pariwisata Super Prioritas (DPSP) Mandalika

Event is one of tourist attraction that can invite more people to come in a destination. As Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) has Mandalika as one of Super Priority Tourism Development di Indonesia created two big event named World Superbike (WSBK) and Moto GP all tourism stakeholder should collaborate to ensure that the development will positively impactful for the society welfare. The governor of NTB create event as a tool for destination marketing. The aim of this research is to know how to develop an impactful event as attraction and bring positive impact to the society. Using qualitative method by interviewing the key informant and continuing with snowball than data triangulation this research has been given a recommendation to planning a creative event. Sewing Model in Event Creative Planning is a model to make an event became larger, gaining resources and giving more over impact to the stakeholder such as government, media, industry, society and education institution (Penta helix). To build the synergy things that all partners must have are: 1. Creative; 2. Have a good network; 3. Trustable; 4. Having permits for creating event; 5. Have a good communication skill; 6. Willingness for beneficial collaboration; 7. A win-win agreement. The collaborations will be successful if all the stakeholders get a positive impact. The organizer has to be ensured that the event created is a sustainable event that bring welfare to all stakeholder, such as support local industry, creative economy by bringing buyer to the event, involving the culinary industry, arts, and encouraging for the development of a sustainable tourism destination for the next generation of the society.
 Keywords: Creative Event, Stakeholder, Tourism, Marketing, Sustainability.

THE EVOLUTION OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN ROMANIA AFTER 1990

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the physical, economical, and strategic evolution of the Romanian railway infrastructure based on data extracted from EUROSTAT. The timeframe chosen for this study is between years 1990 and 2019, from the fall of the communist regime, through 2007 when Romania became a member of the European Union, until the beginning of the Covid – 19 pandemic. The Romanian railway infrastructure is analysed and compared with those from other European countries. One of the first observations is that the Romanian railway has one of the largest networks in Europe, being placed 2nd in terms of length in year 1990, after Poland. Unfortunately, in contrast to having one of the largest networks, economically it situated at the end of the hierarchy, being one of the most inefficient. Having constant decreasing amounts of transported goods over time, the sector doesn’t have enough cash flow to secure the necessary funds for maintenance and mandatory technological upgrades. The sector is badly managed and cannot sustain itself anymore. The high number of victims each year makes it one of Europe’s most unsafe railway networks and this hinders the level of trust and willingness for collaboration from private entrepreneurs. The private sector should be encouraged to increase the volume of goods transported as well as participate in investments. The Government could even consider a Public Private Partnership strategy to attract a cash infusion into the sector. There is great potential for a positive impact on the country’s economy if the Authorities would implement a strategic investment and development master plan to bring the railway infrastructure to a level of reliability that would attract businesses and stimulate the movement of goods. The geographical location of Romania could accelerate such development since it could be an important logistics hub linking the Black Sea to the Central European market. Empirical results show that the length of railway network is negatively correlated with income and negatively associated with the volume of transported goods in Romania over the period of 2004-2019. It is apparent that for this sector the size of the current network should be sufficient, but quality should be improved, since this is the element that enhances operation safety and operation characteristics such as speed and volumes of goods transported. The paper includes recommendations for public policies regarding the transport infrastructure sector.

Practice and Perception of Traditional Medicine Practitioners towards Challenges Facing Traditional Medicine Practice in Nigeria: A Pilot Study

Aim: This study explores and documents obstacles faced by Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) in Nigeria. Traditional Medicine (TM) plays a vital role in the healthcare systems of low- and middle-income countries, yet it encounters numerous challenges.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Nigeria by the Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu – Abuja, Nigeria between December 2021 and January 2022.
 Methodology: A survey was conducted among Nigerian TMPs using a semi-structured questionnaire to gain insights into their challenges and potential solutions. TMPs were recruited nationwide using purposive and convenient sampling, and descriptive statistics were used to present data gathered.
 Results: The majority of TMP respondents (67%) were male, with 48% holding graduate degrees and 11% having doctorates. Regarding practice, 87% of TMPs maintain patient records, and 88% keep medicinal recipe records. Most TMPs (81%) engage in general practice alongside other forms. Collaboration willingness was expressed by 89% towards fellow practitioners, 95% towards research institutes, and 89% towards individual researchers. Challenges identified by TMPs include a lack of cooperation from orthodox doctors (25%), absence of standardized products (19%), inadequate policies (19%), and disorganization among TMPs (15%). Product registration revealed that 81% of TMPs had unregistered products, with 49% citing high registration costs and 21% lacking knowledge about the process. Specific challenges mentioned were insufficient financial resources (48%) and a need for training (30%).
 Conclusion: It is crucial for stakeholders to collaborate and review policies to address the highlighted challenges and gaps as found in this study.

Perspectives of healthcare and social support sector policymakers on potential solutions to mitigate financial impact among people with TB in Mozambique: a qualitative study

ObjectivePeople with tuberculosis (TB) and their households face severe socioeconomic consequences, which will only be mitigated by intersectoral collaboration, especially between the health and social sectors. Evidence suggests that key...

A typology of the collaboration willingness of carriers in hinterland logistics

PurposeA large part of maritime container supply chain costs is generated by carriers in port hinterland logistics. Carriers which operate in the hinterland are under pressure to reduce costs and increase profitability, and they face challenges of fierce price competition. This study aims to explore how collaboration is perceived and implemented by carriers in truck container logistics in the port hinterland as a way to tackle these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a qualitative multiple case study approach. Qualitative interviews with carriers in the port hinterland of Hamburg, Germany, were conducted and analyzed using grounded theory.FindingsThe study reveals two collaboration types in the hinterland, based on the different carriers' interpretation of market conditions as changeable or as given, driving their collaboration mindsets and strategic actions: The developer, who has a proactive collaboration mindset and practices strategic maneuvers toward changing poor market conditions through collaboration, and the adapter, who has a defensive collaboration mindset and perceives market conditions as given and constraining collaboration.Research limitations/implicationsThe qualitative results will help researchers better understand how collaboration practices depend on the carriers' subjective interpretations and perceptions of the market.Practical implicationsBased on the findings, managers of carriers gain an understanding of the different types of actors in their market and the relevance of acknowledging these types. Consequently, they can design appropriate strategic measures toward collaboration.Originality/valueThe findings for the first time provide exploratory insights of carriers' mindsets.

Collaboration Tiredness Aware Manufacturing Service Collaboration Incentive and Optimization

Manufacturing service collaboration (MSC) provides a low cost, high efficiency, and good quality collaboration diagram on Industrial Internet Platforms. However, some stakeholders areunwilling to participate in MSC continuously due to their short-term dissatisfaction outbursts or long-term dissatisfaction accumulation with MSC. To describe the aforementioned status of stakeholders, collaboration tiredness is first defined and its causes and impacts on MSC are analyzed. To avoid massive loss of stakeholders on the platform, it is urgent to study stimulus methods to improve their satisfaction. In this article, long-term dynamic utility models are established to depict changes in stakeholder satisfaction, including short-term utility models and long-term utility updating criteria. Then, an incentive strategy is proposed, which aims at stimulating the collaboration willingness of consumers with collaboration tiredness. Once consumers with collaboration tiredness are detected through Bayesian thresholds, utility references would be generated. Then, to reach the utility references, MSC optimization would be continuously provoked to generate new plans through the improved memetic algorithm. Finally, experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed incentive strategy from a long-term perspective.

Perspectives on seamless collaboration between primary and secondary care for oral anticancer treatments

ABSTRACT Patients who take oral anticancer drugs (OACD) alternate between the hospital and the community setting. Little is known about how general practitioners (GPs) and community pharmacists (CPs) from primary care (PC) can be involved in providing seamless care. In an exploratory qualitative study, semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals from primary and secondary care (SC) and (N = 26) were performed to investigate perceptions of seamless collaboration for patients on OACD. Seamless collaboration initiated by SC was restricted to informing GPs about treatment-initiation and delegating limited tasks to them in treatment monitoring. CPs are currently not informed by SC about the treatment. PC expressed willingness for seamless collaboration. However, collaboration is currently impeded due to an expressed lack of trust and desire for control by SC. Moreover, SC expressed unfamiliarity with the organization of PC. Findings suggest that healthcare professionals from SC and PC need to get to know each other and to discuss expectations in the seamless care for patients on OACD. A possible strategy is to elaborate a shared care model based on a partnership between PC and SC, in which the specific expertise of each partner contributes to patient-centered care and the qualitative and safe use of OACD.

Putting the Collaborative Style of a Successful Football Team in a Lean Construction Context

Question: Can collaboration techniques from another performance environment inspire Lean Construction theory? Purpose: The Norwegian football club Rosenborg BK (RBK) was a well-recognized force in European club football during its heyday in the 1990s. Led by the legendary coach Nils Arne Eggen, they regularly shocked Europe’s top teams with great results after implementing a successful philosophy based on collaboration. The importance of collaboration is well-emphasized in Lean Construction (LC) theory, but more discussion about creating a willingness and culture for collaboration seems to be lacking. Therefore, this conceptual paper suggests broadening the existing theory by presenting Nils Arne Eggen’s “Best Foot theory” principles through a new theoretical lens. The collaborative “Best Foot theory” is seen in an LC context and discussed with the “Five Big Ideas” from Lean Project Consulting, Inc. as the starting point. Research Method: A conceptual approach is used by analyzing already accessible data from another branch of knowledge and presenting it in a different context to offer another perspective to the current Lean Construction literature. Findings: A collaboration mindset that can inspire further development of the Lean Construction theory is proposed. Much of the current theory about collaboration in LC projects focus on collaborative contracts, systems, and approaches and fails to consider creating a collaborative culture among the performers. The “Five Big Ideas” are contemplating this, and the “Best Foot theory” adds more meat to the bones by giving successful practical examples for each idea. Limitations: This is a conceptual paper, and the practical applicability of the findings is not explored in a construction context. Implications: The “Best Foot theory” expands current LC theory by giving successful practical examples on how to create a culture where the practitioners in a performance group want to collaborate. Value for authors: The paper expands current theory on collaboration in LC. Keywords: Lean Construction, Collaboration, Culture, Trust Paper type: Full paper

Utilizing Mining Techniques for Attributes’ Intra-Relationship Detection, a Collaborative Approach

In this research, a set of data mining techniques are applied to target to balance between the industry requirement and user satisfaction. The proposed approach aims at exploring the most significant attributes for the industry services’ evaluation. The exploration goal ensures a double-sided benefit for both the industry and the user. From one perspective, it raises the evaluation accuracy level for the main service’s attributes which is most important to the user and consequently leads to higher user satisfaction. On the other side, it minimizes the user’s collaboration effort in the evaluation process which raises the user’s collaboration willingness. The proposed approach has been applied to the IoT services industry in Saudi Arabia. The results proved that eliminating insignificant attributes has provided minimal user effort with retaining the required evaluation accuracy and the success percentage reached 90%.

The Contribution of Integrated Polytechnic Regional College (IPRC) Musanze in Creating Valuable Uses to Tomato Crop Farm-Leftovers

The study was carried out to identify potential value addition to tomato crop farm-leftovers and investigate their existing end-uses to suggest a collaboration model between tomato farmers in Nkotsi Sector and IPRC Musanze. The findings confirmed that the tomato crop stems are the main type of tomato crop farm-leftovers found on the farm, leaves and roots are also present in minor quantities. Those farm-leftovers are mainly used for compost making, some remain unused at farm level, and few are used for feeding animals. For whatever destination, the tomato crop farm-leftovers do not generate any cash to farmers, and unfortunately, 91% of farmers are not aware of crop farm-leftovers negative effects. All respondents know the IPRC Musanze, and 59% of them recognize its community outreach activities. However, 97% of farmers do not have any previous collaboration with the college even though they show willingness for future collaboration. 62% of interviewed IPRC Musanze TVET trainers revealed limited advanced tomatoes farming activities in the area, and crop farm-leftovers negative effects. A collaboration model between farmers and the college is designed as a new way of working to boost tomato farming in the area as well as improving the quality of TVET training offered by the college. The stable relations, trust, shared problem, resources, planned joint activities and their execution are the elements of the proposed model. Therefore, technical training, joint applied research and innovation activities, joint problem-solving initiatives were suggested as the starting point for the proposed model. Keywords: Tomato crop, farm-leftover, TVET, collaboration DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-3-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2021

Multi-stakeholder engagement

Abstract With the method of the social network analyses, the STOP project is investigating social structures and alliances among stakeholders, by using social theory, network and graph theory. The stakeholder engagement process is an integral component of the project. One of the main aims of this process is to recommend to national authorities and the European Commission a sustainability plan for future stakeholder engagement in the area of childhood obesity. To this end, we would like to better understand stakeholders' views and positions (such as willingness, knowledge and trust for collaboration) and get feedback on the project processes and outcomes. Analytical results show that following moderated discussions, consensus papers are often the main outputs of the stakeholders’ platforms, and a limited number of organisations dominate the membership of the platforms, with private organisations often having stronger representation. The aim of the stakeholders’ dialogues is to discuss policies and measures related to childhood obesity and, with the input of different sectors, contribute to identifying possible policy solutions and reflect on the work of the STOP project. Concepts of power; transparency and trust; the importance of evidence and different definitions and perceptions of the evidence; and political will and empowerment all appeared as important in the dialogues. Equity and sustainability issues were also brought in the debate. Non-formal stakeholders are less represented at the EU level, so certain views and approaches are absent from EU debates. Therefore, we plan to explore and identify promising means of the engagement of all different stakeholder groups in a transparent, trustful and constructive approach.

P112: Strengthening inter-professional collaboration in home-based community paramedic programs

Introduction: Community paramedic programs are being implemented to leverage existing resources and contribute to a sustainable patient-centered healthcare system. Expanding the role of paramedics into home care requires new collaborative relationships with healthcare providers such as nurses and physicians. Developing effective and productive collaborative relationships will enhance and support the integration of community paramedic programs. Our objective was to describe the barriers and facilitators to effective collaboration between nurses, physicians, and paramedics within home-based community paramedicine. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with nurses, physicians, paramedics, and faculty who teach in paramedic programs. We explored the attitudes, perceptions, barriers, and enablers to collaboration in home-based community paramedic programs. Participants were recruited utilizing the professional networks of the researchers as well as snowball sampling. Recruitment in each group stopped when saturation was achieved. We conducted a thematic analysis of the interviews to generate findings related to our objectives. Results: We interviewed 33 participants with a typical cross-section of age, years of experience, and education. Overall, participants felt that collaboration was important for effective integration of community paramedics into home care and for ensuring a patient-centered approach to care. Currently, collaboration mostly occurs between physicians and paramedics and community paramedicine appears to be a siloed rather than integrated service. Few collaborative relationships exist between paramedics and nurses, despite the fact that nurses are highly involved in home care. We identified several barriers to effective collaboration including lack of understanding of the contributions of the different health providers, and regulatory and funding constraints. Inter-professional education that supports collaboration and facilitates dismantling of professional and service silos can support the effective integration of paramedics into home care. Conclusion: Strengthening networks of collaboration between nurses, physicians, and paramedics can help dismantle silos and enhance inter-professional collaboration to support appropriate integration of paramedics into home care. The willingness and positive attitudes for collaboration are assets that provide an excellent foundation upon which to move forward. Continuing education to support inter-professional collaboration is needed.

James Milne named president of ACS Publications

The American Chemical Society has named James Milne the president of ACS Publications. Milne, who is based in Oxford, England, has served as acting president of ACS Publications since his predecessor, Brian Crawford, retired in September 2019. “Jim’s reputation for excellence extends far beyond ACS,” says Thomas Connelly, ACS executive director and CEO. “He has demonstrated creativity and vision, as well as a willingness for partnership and collaboration—skills that are essential as we continue to enhance our publication offerings to meet the needs of the scientific community.” Milne will oversee the society’s portfolio of more than 60 peer-reviewed journals, its suite of e-books, Chemical & Engineering News, and other products and services. “Science publishing is in a state of flux, and ACS Publications is in a great position to work with the scientific community for the betterment of research and the dissemination of that research,” Milne says, adding that ACS

SURROGATES’ DECISION-MAKING CONFIDENCE AND COLLABORATIVE WILLINGNESS ON THE POST: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL NORMS

When patients become incapacitated due to illness or frailty, “surrogates” work with patients’ providers to make medical decisions on their behalf. In surrogate decision-making situations, surrogates’ decision-making confidence predicts collaborative willingness, or the extent to which they are willing to work with the patient’s providers when making decisions (Spalding & Edelstein, under review). In an attempt to explain this finding, the current study examined whether perceived social norms for patient-physician collaboration and another psychological variable, consideration of future consequences, mediated the relation between decision-making confidence and collaborative willingness. Participants (n= 172) from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed self-report measures and a hypothetical surrogate decision-making task. A parallel multiple mediation analysis using 5000 bootstrapped samples with the PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2013) was conducted. The overall model explained 43.4% of the variance in collaborative willingness, F(4, 166) = 9.59, p< .001. There was a significant indirect effect of decision-making confidence on collaborative willingness through perceived social norms (b= .068, SE= .034, 95% CI [.014, .154]). There was not a significant indirect effect through consideration of future consequences. After including the significant indirect path through perceived social norms, the direct effect (b= .348, p< .001) of decision-making confidence on collaborative willingness was reduced (b= .243, p= .003). Thus, perceptions of social norms partially accounted for the relation between decision-making confidence and collaborative willingness. This finding illustrates how social perceptions of patient-provider collaboration can facilitate desirable medical decision-making behaviors, such as collaboration.

Factors predicting collaborative willingness of surrogates making medical decisions on the Physician Order for Scope of Treatment (POST)

Objective: The Physician’s Order for Scope of Treatment (POST) indicates patient preferences regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), levels of care, and fluids/nutrition provision decisions. When patients become incapacitated, ‘surrogates’ often collaborate with physicians on POST decisions. Surrogates may vary in their willingness to collaborate, which can be problematic when physicians expect shared decision-making. No research has yet investigated collaborative decision-making among surrogates on the POST. This study investigated how six psychological variables predicted participants’ desires for collaboration when completing an online decision-making task.Methods: Participants served as hypothetical surrogates and made decisions for another person on the three sections of the West Virginia POST. One-hundred-and-seventy-two adults were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk.Results: The six variables contributed significantly to the prediction of collaborative willingness, F (6, 163) = 5.29, p < .001, R2 = 0.19. Two variables uniquely contributed: confidence and consideration of future consequences. The model most strongly predicted collaborative willingness for the CPR decision.Conclusion: This study provides a novel examination of under-researched areas: surrogate collaborative willingness and the POST. Differing risks associated with the three POST decisions may influence how surrogates value collaboration. Ways to enhance collaborative willingness when making POST decisions are discussed.

Outcome of EC/EFSA questionnaire (2016) on use of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) for food‐ and waterborne pathogens isolated from animals, food, feed and related environmental samples in EU/EFTA countries

Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is becoming increasingly used in public health and food safety laboratories. To date, there is a wide variation in the level of implementation of WGS among laboratories from different sectors in different countries, the type of analysis employed and the data interpretation. To gather information on the WGS capacity of food safety/veterinary laboratories in the European Union (EU) and associated countries (EFTA), the European Commission (DG SANTE) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), supported by the EU Reference laboratories (EURLs), prepared a survey among the EU/EFTA laboratory Networks for Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli (VTEC), Campylobacter, Coagulase Positive Staphylococci, Antimicrobial Resistance and bacteriological and viral contaminants of bivalve molluscs. Questions on the general use of WGS, pathogens tackled, analysis purposes, pipelines and tools used, place of data storage and analysis, WGS research projects, needs for support, and future interest to implement WGS were addressed. By the end of 2016, WGS was already in use in reporting laboratories from 17 out of 30 EU/EFTA countries; in particular, WGS was reported to be used in all consulted EURLs, almost half of the National Reference Laboratories (44% affirmative respondents) and only few Official Laboratories (7% affirmative respondents). The main reason for not implementing WGS was the lack of capacity (budget and expertise). WGS was mainly used for outbreak investigations, followed by surveillance, and mostly for L. monocytogenes, E. coli and Salmonella analysis. Sequencing, sequence storage and analysis were mainly done ‘in house’. Several WGS pipelines/platforms/tools were in use for analysis of different microorganisms and purposes. The participating laboratories expressed a general willingness for collaboration with EURLs and European institutions. This report provides a first picture of the state of the art in relation to the use of WGS in European food safety laboratories at the end of 2016.