Wielkopolskie Province Research Articles

Monitoring of Plant Cultivation Conditions Using Ground Measurements and Satellite Products

The purpose of agrometeorological services conducted by various institutions around the world is to support decisions in the field of planning individual farmer works and agrotechnical treatments so as to fully enable the use of the prevailing weather and climatic conditions. However, the not always sufficient spatial distribution of ground measuring stations limits the possibility of the precise determination of meteorological conditions and the state of vegetation in a specific location. The solution may be the simultaneous use of both ground and satellite data, which can improve and enhance the final agrometeorological products. This paper presents examples of the use of meteorological products combining classical ground measurement and data from meteorological radars and satellites, applied in an agrometeorological service provided by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Poland. Selected examples cover Wielkopolskie Province, which is a primarily agricultural region. An analysis of the course of the soil moisture index and HTC as well as differences in the PEI spatial distribution from ground and satellite data for the extremely dry growing season of 2018 are presented. The authors tried to demonstrate that combining data available from different sources may be a necessary condition for modern agriculture in the conditions of climate change.

Income and Spending of Elderly Inhabitants in Wielkopolskie Province

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie sytuacji dochodowej i konsumpcyjnej osób starszych zamieszkujących województwo wielkopolskie na tle całego kraju. Temat pracy został podjęty ze względu na rosnący udział ludności w wieku poprodukcyjnym w ogólnej liczbie ludności, co znacząco wpływa na warunki życia osób starszych. Po przeanalizowaniu danych GUS na temat przeciętnego miesięcznego dochodu rozporządzalnego i wydatków w latach 2019-2020 stwierdzono, że sytuacja gospodarstw domowych osób starszych w województwie wielkopolskim jest bliska średniej krajowej i poziomowi odnotowanemu w innych województwach.(abstrakt oryginalny)

Spatial Variation in Particulate Emission Resulting from Animal Farming in Poland

The article presents a spatial variation in particulate emission from animal farming in Poland. In addition, this paper estimates the PM2.5 and PM10 particulate emissions. The data on respective emissions sources have been acquired from the Central Statistics Authority (GUS) of 2019 (Local Data Bank). The emissions of PM2.5 and PM10 particulates were estimated from the structure of the emissions sources covered in the “EEA/EMEP Emission Inventory Guidebook” following the Tier 1 method. The research shows that, in Poland, the biggest share in particulate emission is found for poultry and cattle farming, which are the emissions of 5.5 and 3 m kg of particulates annually all across Poland, respectively. The highest pollution with PM2.5 resulting from animal farming was recorded for the Podlaskie (0.19 kg/ha), Wielkopolskie (0.16 kg/ha), and Mazowieckie (0.14 kg/ha) provinces, whereas the highest pollution with PM10 was recorded for the Wielkopolskie province (0.83 kg/ha). The key sources of particulate emission indicated in the study facilitate adapting the adequate method to reduce the particulate emissions in respective provinces. It is essential, especially due to the negative effect of particulates on human health.

Increasing the socio-cultural influence of immovable cultural heritage on local communities – the case of historic residential buildings in Wielkopolska used as hotels

The article presents results of a study of how immovable cultural heritage used for commercial purposes of tourism affects local communities. The study is based on data collected in direct interviews with property owners and representatives of local authorities and a questionnaire survey of local residents concerning sixteen historic buildings used as hotels, which are located in rural areas of Wielkopolskie province. It was found that the provision of additional, free cultural functions for local communities by property owners and/or local authorities exerts a greater socio-cultural impact and contributes to local, sustainable development. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that when historic buildings of this kind are used for commercial purposes it is important to ensure that they are part of the cultural experience not only for hotel guests but also for the local community. In this way, entire communities can appreciate their local cultural heritage (socio-cultural impact), which in turn strengthens cultural sustainability.

A FORGOTTEN HOARD OF ANTONINIANII FROM PIŁA (POLAND): LARGE VOLUME, LITTLE VALUE

The article analyzes a hoard of antoninianii found in the neighborhood of Pila (Wielkopolskie province in Poland). The hoard counted more than 5000 coins, mainly of Gallienus and Claudius II, plus an inscribed bronze plaque. The hoard is one of a kind owing to its volume, chronological structure, provenance of the coins, the presence of hybrids and imitations, and the inscribed plaque in particular. The collection, weighing 15 kg, of severely debased coinage of practically just two Roman emperors was valued at no more than a few contemporary aurei. Its presence on the banks of the Notec River in Polish Pomerania suggests a fairly unusual story behind it. Hoards of antoninianii are fairly rare in the second half of the 3rd century AD, because the coin was too debased to be hoarded or deposited. Finding 5000 in one hoard is quite exceptional. There is no record of the vessel in which the coins had been hidden. The reasons for the hoard appearing in Pomerania must have been political: contacts between the Romans and the Barbarians in the 3rd century could have taken on the form of one-time tributes, annual tributes and the so-called annua munera, ransoming captives, soldiers’ pay (stipendia) or gifts.

Place product in the promotion of communes – the case of the Milicz carp and the Barycz Valley

The constant competitiveness for the interest of entrepreneurs, tourists, students makes that local government units put effort into creating their image. However, the limited capital and organizational resources make that these units initiate multilateral promotion actions. Preparing its offer they repeatedly use attractive place products.
 The main aim of the article is to answer the question whether, if so in what ways, the Milicz carp, treated as a place product, is used in the promotion of the Local Action Group “Partnership for the Barycz Valley” created by the eight communes of Lower Silesia and Wielkopolskie province. Especially while taking into account two elements: first, the premises of the official strategic documents adopted within ‘the Barycz Valley’, second, the conducted in practice promotion actions. The use of two methods: content analysis and comparative analysis allows to state that the Milicz carp, against the goals in the given documents, plays a significant role in the promotion of the cooperating communes. Actions in the field of public relations have the greatest importance. On the other hand, the actions concerning the promotion of the Milicz carp do not accompany all the enterprises shaping the image of ‘the Barycz Valley’.

The statistical picture of population aging in towns of Wielkopolskie Province: TERYT and DE-GURBA perspectives

The statistical picture of population aging in towns of Wielkopolskie Province: TERYT and DE-GURBA perspectives

Infrastruktura edukacyjna jako baza kształtowania kapitału ludzkiego w województwie wielkopolskim

W opracowaniu dokonano oceny czynników rzeczowych infrastruktury edukacyjnej jako bazy materialnej kształtowania kapitału ludzkiego. Problem analizowano w ujęciu regionalnym na przykładzie województwa wielkopolskiego. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie zmian zachodzących w sferze rzeczowej infrastruktury edukacyjnej tego województwa z założeniem, że jest ona jednym z wiodących czynników determinujących poziom wykształcenia mieszkańców. Prowadząc analizę, dokonano przeglądu literatury przedmiotu, a wynikające z niego ustalenia starano się udokumentować dostępnymi informacjami statystycznymi. Badania wykazały, że w okresie 2004-2017 nastąpił wzrost liczby placówek edukacyjnych w większości ich grup rodzajowych, zwiększyła się też liczba osób z nich korzystających. Pozytywnym efektem następujących zmian jest obserwowana poprawa poziomu wykształcenia mieszkańców województwa wielkopolskiego.

Determinants of marketing and logistics management in a micro-enterprise

Abstract At present, under the conditions of some turbulent changes observed in our environment, micro-enterprises seek for opportunities to win their competitive positions in the market and in the sectors in which they operate The aim of the article is to present marketing and logistics management as one of the methods applied to achieve the market objectives of micro-enterprises. As an integrated method, marketing and logistics management may contribute to the improvement in competitiveness; hence, the recognition of conditions required for the application of this method may also contribute to the improvement in competitiveness. In the article, a review of literature related to the discussed problems is presented. The expert literature on the analysed subject does not provide any publications on micro-enterprise management, and scientific research in that sector is very scarce and provides only some general data. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the processes taking place in the micro-enterprise sector in more detail, especially in the field of modern methods of management. In the article, some considerations on the specificity of integrated logistics and marketing processes are presented. Research methods: a review of expert literature and the Author’s own case-study research. The research was carried out in the years 2015-2018 among a group of micro-enterprises in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province, Łódzkie Province, Mazowieckie Province and Wielkopolskie Province. The aim of the research was to identify conditions required for marketing and logistics management in micro-enterprises and to define the impact exerted by the factors that determine the implementation of that process. Recognising knowledge as a fundamental determinant of the implementation of modern management methods in the aspect of micro-enterprise operation requires some in-depth analysis. The article presents the results of the research based on the case-study of integrated marketing and logistics management, on the example of a virtual micro-enterprise. The main conclusions: In a virtual micro-enterprise, it is possible to indicate the field of integration of marketing and logistics processes and to define their courses and conditions. Knowledge of logistics and marketing allows us to extend the field referring to the environment of the analysed company in virtual space.

Analysis of the use of selected reservoirs in the Wielkopolska province

Abstract The paper presents characteristics of six selected retention reservoirs located in the Wielkopolskie province, i.e. the Radzyny and Przebędowo reservoirs located near the city of Poznań, the Miedzichowo reservoir situated at the western border of the province, as well as the Stare Miasto and Jutrosin and Pakosław reservoirs, situated at the eastern and southern parts of the province, respectively. The paper also presents results of studies concerning water quality parameters in the selected reservoir of Przebędowo (at the inflow, within the reservoir and at the outflow) for the example year of 2016. The greatest water area of approx. 110 ha and at the same time the greatest capacity (2.88 million m3) at normal level damming (NLD) was found for the Radzyny reservoir on the Sama river, constructed in 2000, whereas the smallest water area (5.3 ha) and the smallest capacity (0.1 million m3) at NLD were recorded for the Miedzichowo reservoir, which was constructed in 2013. Apart from the positive aspects related to the operation of water storage reservoirs we frequently observe problems with their operation and use. In the winter periods they are mainly connected with the so-called icing, which has a negative and often destructive effect both on the condition of reservoir dams and on their banks. In turn, in the summer months a common problem in the operation of reservoirs results from obstruction from vegetation accumulated on the damming structures, which frequently reaches the dams particularly in periods characterised by high daily precipitation totals. Another common problem in terms of the operation of retention reservoirs is also related with the process of their eutrophication, connected with the influx of biogens. Analyses of selected water quality indexes for the Przebędowo reservoir showed, particularly in relation to nitrates and nitrites, their higher values at the inflow to the reservoir, indicating a considerable effect of land use in adjacent areas primarily in terms of fertilisation and the resulting runoff of biogens to the watercourse supplying the reservoir.

DETERMINANTS OF THE MARKET DEVELOPMENT OF NATIVE LEGUMES IN POLAND

The aim of the article was to depict the achievable changes in the market for native legumes, in farms and feed production enterprises functioning. In implementing this objective, empirical research was conducted, which involved selected farms from kujawsko-pomorskie and wielkopolskie Province and producing leguminous crops and and feed production enterprises. The research shows that one of the main problems in the functioning of the market of native legumes is the lack of vertical integration between the feeder market contributors. As a result of the research, it was found while organizing market, one should make use of the online information and transaction platform.

Analysis of the yield of selected apple varieties in the first years after the planting the orchard

Abstract Analysis of the yield of selected apple varieties in the first years after the planting the orchard. The aim of the paperwork was to analyze the impact of innovative apple orchard cultivation on the yield of selected apple varietes: Galaval, Buckeye Gala, Golden Reinders, Grani and Fuji. The research ware conducted on orchard located in Gutowo Małe, Września county, in the Wielkopolskie province. The orchard was established in May 2016. The area of orchard is 4.0 ha and there are 7,600 annual and biennial apple seedlings. The analyzed apple varieties are used in foreign orchards. Cutting and forming trees is done in a different way, from the way it was done in traditional orchards. The purpose of this is to achieve better conditions of sunlight, which significantly affect the color of the fruit. Good coloring of fruit is one of the factors determining the profitability of crop. The aim of the study is to assess, the quality and quantity of yield of apple varieties, which have not been grown in Poland yet. The first harvest was recorded in 2017. The early cultivation period was characterized by the lack of irrigation. Atmospheric conditions of the studied area had a significant effect on the yield of apple trees. The considered year 2017 was defined as wet with a precipitation of 659 mm higher by 77 mm than the average over multiannual (2007-2017), while the temperature was higher by 0.4°C than the average over the period from 2007 to 2017. During the growing season, the sum of precipitation was 346 mm and slightly exceeded the long-term average. After the analysis of the harvest, it was found that the Fuji variety yielded best. Despite the dumping of more than half of the fruits from each tree, in order to improve their quality, the average yield was 15.0 t·ha-1, in the first year of yielding.

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RAW MATERIAL PRODUCTION COSTS USED IN BIOETHANOL AND METHYL ESTER MANUFACTURING

The study examines spatial differences in the costs of raw material production intended for bioethanol and methyl ester manufacturing in Poland. Results show substantial spatial differences in production costs of rapeseed and corn. Wielkopolskie Province has the highest profitability indicator (213.2%), while Łódzkie Voivodship has the lowest indicator (134.5%). In the case of corn production, the highest profitability indicator (including EU CAP payments) is in Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province (171.9%) and the lowest in Zachodniopomorskie (109.2%). The EU CAP payments played a significant role in the case of corn production.

Potential use of lakes as a component of small retention in Wielkopolska

In the context of the observed climatic changes, unfavourable extreme situations occur increasingly frequently, manifested by, among others, the occurrence of droughts and floods. In the case of Poland, the central part of the country, in administrative terms covering the Wielkopolskie Province, is considered a region with a deficit of water resources. Such a situation was and is determined by a combination of natural and artificial factors. The former ones result from low precipitation and high air temperatures. The latter are the effect of intensive economic development, including large-scale meliorations. Measures mitigating this unfavourable phenomenon are related to the expansion of small retention. Its scale in Wielkopolska is the largest in the country – both in terms of the number of objects and volume of accumulated water. The key component of increasing retention is damming of lakes. According to the presented results, considerable reserves are still available in its scope. With the assumption of increasing water level in lakes by 0.2 m, it could cause an increase in water resources by 31 million m3, and assuming such an increase at a level of 0.5 m, by 78 million m3.

Zmiany struktury ekonomicznej gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce – ocena opóźnień w rozwoju strukturalnym

Celem artykułu była próba oceny opóźnień w rozwoju strukturalnym rolnictwa w Polsce w układzie regionalnym wraz z oceną procesów upodabniania się struktury ekonomicznej gospodarstw rolnych. Strukturę tę wyznaczono na podstawie wartości standardowej produkcji (SO ). Badania przeprowadzono dla okresu 2005-2013 na podstawie danych Eurostatu. Do oceny opóźnień posłużono się procedurą proponowaną przez K. Kukułę z wykorzystaniem metod statystycznej regionalnej analizy strukturalnej. Procedura ta wymagała wskazania struktury wzorcowej (województwa-wzorca), którą wyznaczono z wykorzystaniem syntetycznego miernika poziomu rozwoju Hellwiga. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, iż największymi opóźnieniami w rozwoju strukturalnym charakteryzowały się województwa w południowo-wschodniej Polsce. Jednocześnie w województwach tych dystans strukturalny w stosunku do województwa-wzorca (woj. wielkopolskiego) zwiększył się w badanym okresie.

Suillus lakei (Murrill) A. H. Sm. & Thiers (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Poland: new data

This study presents up-to-date data on the distribution of the Western Painted Suillus <em>Suillus lakei</em> in Poland. This alien species of fungus was first recorded in Poland in 2012, followed by a second recording in 2013. The third site, presented in this article, was discovered in 2016. A description of the newly discovered site and the basidiomata is given. All three sites of <em>S. lakei</em> are located on private properties overgrown with young Douglas fir. Two of the three recorded sites are located within the boundaries of the Wielkopolskie Province, and one in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province. Further expansion of this fungus in Poland is expected.

Perception of modern agritourism. Wielkopolskie Province (Poland) and the Northeast Region (Romania) case study

Perception of modern agritourism. Wielkopolskie Province (Poland) and the Northeast Region (Romania) case study

Analysis of schedule and execution of technical inspections of agricultural tractors

Technical servicing is an integral element in the operation system of tractors and other agricul­tural machines. Servicing processes include mainly operations performed within the framework of scheduled periodical technical inspections, which objective is to ensure operability of technical objects and maximum extension of their failure-free operation. The aim of this study was to collect data on the execution of technical servicing for agricultural tractors used on family farms and to determine their proper scheduling. Analyses were conducted using a questionnaire distributed among farmers from the Wielkopolskie province. This study showed that most farmers perform technical servicing of tractors on farms, thus ignoring the schedule for the execution of technical inspections specified in the vehicle manual.

Mental and social well-being versus physical disability – the diagnosis of the problems

Introduction. Health is most frequently defined as full well‑being in the biological, psychological and social sense. A disorder of a person’s functioning in any of these spheres triggers changes in the remaining ones. Such destabilization may result in losing the ability to cope with everyday situations. Aim. The objective of the study was to recognize the self‑assessment of the mental well‑being, along with the selected elements of the social situation, of young, physically impaired persons living in the countryside. Material and methods. The research was conducted on the population of physically disabled individuals – with legally granted disability class, living in the countryside in the Wielkopolskie province, aged 18–45 years. The applied technique was an interview based on an original questionnaire with 96 questions. Results. Over a half of the respondents confirmed that their disability affects their mental state. They often suffer from depressed mood, feeling of loneliness, feeling of being a “burden” for others. As many as 41.7% of respondents admitted suicidal thoughts. Conclusions. The situation of disabled people living in the countryside is particularly difficult. Financial problems, unemployment, limited access to health care negatively influence the mental well‑being of young persons, often leading to a depressed mood. In consequence, they often experience suicidal thoughts.

European Union Funds as a Growth Stimulant of Electromobility on the Example of Electric Public Transport in Poland

The aim of the study was to analyse the dependence between nature conservation instruments and the percentage of land covered by local spatial development plans and to assess the effect of conservation areas on the type of spatial management in a commune. The material for the analyses comprised local spatial development plans, an administrative decision concerning terms of construction and land management (the WZiZT decision) and administrative decisions on location of public purpose investment projects (LPP decisions) issued in the years 2004–2012. Based on the Mosina commune (in Wielkopolskie Province) an analysis was conducted on land allocated to individual land use forms in spatial development plans as well as their distribution in relation to existing land surface conservation areas. The study investigated the issue of whether the current spatial planning approach at the commune level covering all land within the boundaries of conservation areas with spatial development plans ensures rational spatial management.