Wideband Wilkinson Power Divider Research Articles

Design of 3D stacked wideband Wilkinson power divider based on rectangular micro‐coaxial process

AbstractBased on transmission line theory, a 4‐way wideband coupled‐line Wilkinson power divider is designed by the authors, operating from 6 to 18 GHz. It is established by using a novel manufacturing technology with 3D stacked micro‐coaxial line, realising attractive advantages of low insertion (IL) loss and compact size. The simulated result shows that the proposed power divider of 23.5 × 14.46 × 0.9 mm obtains a maximum IL of 0.42 dB over the entire operating band. Measured results are obtained by connecting this micro‐coaxial power divider with printed circuit board, showing that the proposed structure is suitable for microwave communication systems.

Compact wideband Wilkinson power divider on gallium arsenide integrated passive device technology

In this article, a novel topology of wideband on-chip Wilkinson power divider (WPD) with good insertion loss (IL) performance is proposed and demonstrated on gallium arsenide (GaAs)-based integrated passive device (IPD) technology. The proposed WPD is further analyzed by the even and odd method. To verify the advantage of the proposed WPD against the conventional one, two examples are numerically investigated, showing that the proposed one achieves better performance in terms of IL and isolation. In addition, the proposed design achieves a miniature area and small amplitude and phase imbalance (AI) performance. The fractional bandwidth (FBW) of the proposed WPD is 100% (6–18 GHz), where the magnitude imbalance is less than 0.08 dB and phase imbalance is better than 0.4°. Furthermore, the minimum IL is better than 0.96 dB and return loss is better than 13.7 dB within the core passband. Meanwhile, the isolation of the WPD is better than 17.6 dB. Finally, to further demonstrate our design conception, the proposed WPD has been fabricated on GaAs IPD technology with size of 1.5 × 0.9 mm2, and measured by on-wafer probing. All the simulated and measured results of the proposed WPD are matched reasonably well with each other, thus firmly validating the claimed superior performance of the proposed WPD in the wide operating bandwidth, low IL and high isolation.

Compact wideband Wilkinson power divider on GaAs integrated passive device technology

In this article, a novel topology of wideband on-chip Wilkinson power divider (WPD) with good insertion loss (IL) performance is proposed and demonstrated on gallium arsenide (GaAs)-based integrated passive device (IPD) technology. The proposed WPD is further analyzed by the even and odd method. To verify the advantage of the proposed WPD against the conventional one, two examples are numerically investigated, showing that the proposed one achieves better performance in terms of IL and isolation. In addition, the proposed design achieves a miniature area and small amplitude and phase imbalance (AI) performance. The fractional bandwidth (FBW) of the proposed WPD is 100% (6-18 GHz), where the magnitude imbalance is less than 0.08 dB and phase imbalance is better than 0.4°. Furthermore, the minimum IL is better than 0.96 dB and return loss is better than 13.7 dB within the core passband. Meanwhile, the isolation of the WPD is better than 17.6 dB. Finally, to further demonstrate our design conception, the proposed WPD has been fabricated on GaAs IPD technology with size of 1.5 × 0.9 mm2, and measured by on-wafer probing. All the simulated and measured results of the proposed WPD are matched reasonably well with each other, thus firmly validating the claimed superior performance of the proposed WPD in the wide operating bandwidth, low IL, and high isolation.

A New Analytical Design Methodology for a Three-Section Wideband Wilkinson Power Divider

In this paper, a new analytical design technique for a three-section wideband Wilkinson power divider is presented. The proposed design technique utilizes the dual-frequency behavior of commensurate transmission lines for the even-mode analysis and contributes a set of completely new and rigorous design equations for the odd-mode analysis. Measurement of a fabricated prototype utilizing the proposed technique shows an excellent return-loss (>16 dB), insertion loss (<3.35 dB), and excellent isolation (>22.7 dB) over 104% fractional bandwidth extending beyond the minimum requirements.

A Novel Analytical Design Technique for a Wideband Wilkinson Power Divider Using Dual-Band Topology.

In this paper, a novel analytical design technique is presented to implement a coupled-line wideband Wilkinson power divider (WPD). The configuration of the WPD is comprised of three distinct coupled-line and three isolation resistors. A comprehensive theoretical analysis is conducted to arrive at a set of completely new and rigorous design equations utilizing the dual-band behavior of commensurate transmission lines. Further, the corresponding S-parameters equations are also derived, which determine the wideband capability of the proposed WPD. To validate the proposed design concept, a prototype working at the resonance frequencies of 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz is designed and fabricated using 60 mils thick Rogers’ RO4003C substrate. The measured result of the fabricated prototype exhibits an excellent input return loss > 16.4 dB, output return loss > 15 dB, insertion loss < 3.30 dB and a remarkable isolation > 22 dB within the band and with a 15 dB and 10 dB references provide a fractional bandwidth of 110% and 141%, respectively.

Theory and Design of a Flexible Two-Stage Wideband Wilkinson Power Divider

This article presents the design scheme of a wideband Wilkinson Power Divider (WPD) with two-stage architecture utilizing quarter-wave transmission lines and short-circuit stubs. The bandwidth of the proposed WPD is flexible and can be controlled using the design parameters. The proposed design achieves excellent isolation between output ports in addition good in-band performance. The analysis of the proposed circuit results in a simplified transfer function which is then equated with a standard band-pass transfer function to determine the parameters of transmission lines, stub’s impedances, and the value of the isolation resistors. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that a simple alteration in the proposed circuit enables the design of a wideband DC isolated WPD that maintains a good in-band and isolation performance. A number of case studies have been included to highlight the flexibility of the proposed design. Two distinct prototypes are developed on different boards to demonstrate the wideband performance of the proposed design. An excellent agreement between the experimental and measured results for both the designs over a wide band including very good isolation between ports validate the proposed design.

Compact wideband Wilkinson power divider on gallium arsenide‐based integrated passive device technology

In this article, a novel topology of wideband on-chip Wilkinson power divider (WPD) with good insertion loss (IL) performance is proposed and demonstrated on gallium arsenide (GaAs)-based integrated passive device (IPD) technology. The proposed WPD is further analyzed by the even and odd method. To verify the advantage of the proposed WPD against the conventional one, two examples are numerically investigated, showing that the proposed one achieves better performance in terms of IL and isolation. In addition, the proposed design achieves a miniature area and small amplitude and phase imbalance (AI) performance. The fractional bandwidth (FBW) of the proposed WPD is 100% (6-18 GHz), where the magnitude imbalance is less than 0.08 dB and phase imbalance is better than 0.4°. Furthermore, the minimum IL is better than 0.96 dB and return loss is better than 13.7 dB within the core passband. Meanwhile, the isolation of the WPD is better than 17.6 dB. Finally, to further demonstrate our design conception, the proposed WPD has been fabricated on GaAs IPD technology with size of 1.5 × 0.9 mm2, and measured by on-wafer probing. All the simulated and measured results of the proposed WPD are matched reasonably well with each other, thus firmly validating the claimed superior performance of the proposed WPD in the wide operating bandwidth, low IL, and high isolation.

A Design Approach for Compact Wideband Transformer With Frequency-Dependent Complex Loads and Its Application to Wilkinson Power Divider

In this article, a new design approach for the wideband transformer with frequency-dependent complex loads is proposed, which is based on the least-square method and the generalized modified small reflection theory (MSRT) with proper electrical parameters. Compared with the wideband transformers based on other approaches such as the generalized MSRT and transmission line theory, the proposed ones feature easy design, compact size, and wide bandwidth. For validation, several wideband transformers with frequency-dependent complex loads are designed, simulated, and measured. The measured results are consistent with the calculated and simulated results, and a wideband transformer with a fractional bandwidth of 68.5% (defined by 15-dB return loss) and an overall size of $0.025\lambda _{g}^{2}$ is achieved. In addition, when applied to the design of wideband Wilkinson power divider, a fractional bandwidth of 110% (defined by 25-dB isolation) and an overall size of $0.069\lambda _{g}^{2}$ are attained.

Ultra-compact wideband dual-mode Wilkinson power divider based on thin film integrated passive device fabrication technology

ABSTRACT This paper presents an ultra-wideband and highly miniaturized dual-mode Wilkinson power divider fabricated using thin film integrated passive device (TFIPD) technology for GSM band (0.9 GHz). The four quarter-wavelength lines of conventional two-section Wilkinson power divider are replaced with π-type transformer. In addition, a RC filter is introduced at the input port to minimize the return loss. The presented power divider prototype is micro-fabricated on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate through TFIPD technology to reduce overall structure size and minimize overall parasitic losses. The fabricated power divider exhibits compact size at central frequency of 0.9 GHz with an ultra-wideband working bandwidth. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the designed power divider is approximately 8 times smaller than the previously reported power dividers.

A wideband power divider using LC resonant circuit for different phase output differences

AbstractA wideband Wilkinson power divider using parallel LC resonant circuit is proposed for different phase output differences. The design theory of the wideband power divider is derived by making the difference between the slopes of the added line for phase shift and the slopes of parallel LC resonant circuit constant zero, and then, the formula is used to find the value L and C. For easy fabrication, the lumped element L and C are implemented as the shunt stub of distributed element.The proposed circuit on Rogers RT 5880 is designed and measured to verify the new design concept. For accurate comparison, the phase shift line of the conventional Wilkinson power divider is added to one of output ports, and the proposed circuit is fabricated with 45° and 90° power divider at 1.5 GHz central frequency. The fractional bandwidth of the proposed 45° and 90° power divider in case of ±10° phase deviation is over 120% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, the measured results are in good agreement with the design method, and the proposed one will be much smaller size than 90° or 180° hybrid couplers. The proposed Wilkin‐ son power divider will be applicable for phase shifter and various microwave circuits.

An Enhanced Gain Dual-Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array with High Isolation for C-Band Applications

ABSTRACTThis article presents the design and performance analysis of a high gain dual-polarized two-element cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array excited by two orthogonally placed H-shaped apertures. The antenna is operated in dual linear polarized mode by exciting TM110 (HEM11) mode in two DRAs using aperture coupling. The proposed antenna has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 9.52% (6.0–6.6 GHz) with isolation more than 40 dB among the two ports. Realization of gain enhancement and high isolation are accomplished by simultaneously exciting two DR elements using a pair of wideband Wilkinson's power divider placed on the bottom side of the substrate. The measured gain of the proposed antenna for both the ports is found to be 12.5 dB with a front to back ratio of 16 dB. The antenna has an overall radiation efficiency of 94% and symmetrical radiation patterns with co-polarization levels 40 dB higher than the cross-polarization in both the principal planes (XY and XZ) of bore-sight direction.

A design of triple lines Wilkinson power divider for application in wireless communication systems

In this article, a novel microstrip Wilkinson power divider (WPD) has been analyzed, simulated, and fabricated, using the proposed triple lines (TLs) in place of the common quarter-wavelength transmission-line. The proposed structure has the high ability of selectivity for designing dimensions. In this direction with the use of PSO algorithm, optimized options will be obtained for the electrical lengths of the TLs. The characteristic admittances, with the intention of fabricating a structure with compact dimensions are also obtained. Besides, three coupled lines theory is used to reach a wideband performance. The proposed triple lines Wilkinson power divider (TLWPD) operates from 0.5 to 4.5 GHz with S11 < −10 dB, which include several wireless communication standards such as GSM, GPS, DCS, PCS, UMTS, WLAN, and WiMAX. The overall size of the TLWPD is 23.5 × 8.3 mm2 or 0.23 λg × 0.08 λg. The results of investigations taken in this article show the fact that the TLWPD, in addition to the small structure dimensions will be a wideband WPD.

Wide-Band Planar Balun Based on Simplified Composite Right-Left-Handed Structure

Wide-band planar microstrip balun implemented with simplified composite right/left-handed (SCRLH) structure is presented in this letter. The proposed balun consists of a wide-band Wilkinson power divider and a broadband 180° phase shifter based on SCRLH structure. The new design was simulated and validated by the measurement. In the experimental results, within the frequency range from 3.1 to 8.3 GHz (91.2%), the measured return losses of the unbalanced and balanced ports are greater than 10 dB, and the balanced ports isolation is below 15 dB. The measured amplitude and phase difference between the two balanced ports are within ±0.6 dB and ±50, respectively, over the operating frequency band.

WIDEBAND PLANAR WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER USING DOUBLE-SIDED PARALLEL-STRIP LINE TECHNIQUE

A new design of a wideband Wilkinson power divider using double-sided parallel strip line technique is presented in this paper. To obtain a good isolation value, the proposed design was integrated with three isolation resistors. The proposed power divider is designed for a wide range of frequencies between 2 GHz to 6 GHz with all the ports matched to 50Ω. The conventional quarter wavelength arms are divided into three different widths to ensure wideband capabilities. Moreover, the novelty of the proposed design is illustrated from the double-sided parallel-strip line technique where proposed design is using similar structure at both the top and bottom layers to ensure balance of transmission. All dimensions for the transmission line section were optimized to achieve wideband operation and were integrated with a lumped element. This design can be used as a doublesided feeder for a microstrip antenna.

Passive broadband millimetre-wave uniplanar MMIC balun

A new uniplanar monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) balun using lumped circuits is presented. The proposed planar balun consists of a wideband Wilkinson power divider and a broadband 180deg phase shifter using novel series and parallel LC reflective terminating circuits. To demonstrate the design methodology, a 24-44 GHz MMIC balun was realised as a 1.4 mm GaAs chip. The measured return losses for the unbalanced and balanced ports are better than -12, -10 and -7 dB, respectively. The measured amplitude and phase imbalance between the two output ports are less than 0.5 dB and 7deg, respectively, and maximum insertion loss is 5 dB.

A new wide-band planar balun on a single-layer PCB

A new wide-band microstrip balun implemented on a single-layer printed circuit board (PCB) is presented in this letter. The proposed planar balun consists of a wide-band Wilkinson power divider and a noncoupled-line broad-band 180/spl deg/ phase shifter. To demonstrate the design methodology, one prototype is realized. The new design was simulated and validated by the measurement. Measured results show that 10-dB return loss of the unbalanced port has been achieved across the bandwidth from 1.7 GHz to 3.3 GHz, or 64%. Within the operation band, the measured return losses for both the two balanced ports are better than -10 dB, and the balanced ports isolation is below -1.5 dB. The measured amplitude and phase imbalance between the two balanced ports are within 0.3 dB and /spl plusmn/5/spl deg/, respectively, over the operating frequency band.

A slot antenna module for switchable radiation patterns

In this letter, a microstrip antenna module with switchable radiation patterns has been designed, fabricated, and measured. The antenna module includes a power divider, a switch module, and a two-element Z-like slot antenna array. The wideband Wilkinson power divider is integrated with the dual-band single-port-single-through (SPST) switch module to provide two individual signal paths for the inputs of the two-element antenna array. By changing the bias voltages of the field effect transistor (FET) devices, the radiation patterns of the antenna array are changed and switched.

A dual‐band network of the feeding module utilized in diverse applications of a WLAN antenna

AbstractIn this paper, a microstrip network of the feeding module used in diverse applications of an antenna for dual‐band wireless local‐area network (WLAN) operation is designed, fabricated, and measured. A wideband Wilkinson power divider with the defected‐ground structure (DGS) is integrated with a dual‐band SPDT switch module in order to provide two individual signal paths for the input of a two‐element antenna array. Two DGS slots are etched on the ground plane in order to reduce the loss of chip resistors, improve the impedance bandwidth, and enhance the efficiency of the output power. According to the simulated and measured results, the feeding module can be operated at the 2.4‐ and 5.2‐GHz bands. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 473–477, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20176