Design Of Wideband Antenna Research Articles

Retraction Note: Design and analysis of super wide band antenna and its notch band characteristics

Retraction Note: Design and analysis of super wide band antenna and its notch band characteristics

Frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna for multiband applications

Wireless communication technology is well-established, and several antennas have been developed and produced specifically for this purpose. However, antenna performance and communication system development need to be enhanced in order to adapt to the present era. The performance of the antenna is significantly influenced by its design. Thus, this work produced a novel wideband antenna design via the use of a frequency reconfigurable approach. In the recommended study, microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) were used in wideband applications to switch frequencies using shunt-series microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The suggested antenna, which has two switches built into it, is tested in ON-ON, OFF-ON, and OFF-OFF switching scenarios. Radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, bandwidth, and return loss are among the antenna performance metrics used to assess the suggested antenna's performance in each switching situation. The simulation findings suggest that the optimal antenna design for usage in wireless communication systems is one that works well with a shunt-series MEMS switch.

Design of half circular wideband antenna for ship radar

The research aims to design a wideband antenna for the ship's radar. The ship's radar works on the S-Band range whose wavelengths range from 8 to 15 cm with a frequency of 2-4 GHz, This antenna design uses a new approach involving the use of Defected Ground Structure (DGS) and Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS), which builds on the initial theory. The results of the study obtained a bandwidth value of 1.6 GHz, an impedance antenna value of 49.7 ohms, with a total efficiency of -0.3356 a working frequency range ranging from 1.74 GHz to 3.3 GHz. The radiation pattern obtained the main lobe magnitude value of 3.85 dBi, Main lobe direction of 162.0 deg, angular width (3dB) of 76.7 deg, and side lobe level of -1.1 dB. From the results of working frequency, it is found that the antenna can be used for airborne warning & control (AWACS), remote sensing, WiFi, Bluetooth, mobile communication, XM radio, airport surveillance radar (ASR), radioastronomy, wireless LAN, ZigBee, missile guidance.

A dual wide-band ingestible antenna design for wireless capsule endoscopy

In this paper, we present a dual wide-band ingestible antenna design for wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) biotelemetry applications. The design process employs Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) and driven modal analysis. The effectiveness of the prototype antenna is afterward assessed through measurements using a tissue-equivalent phantom liquid model. We investigate the effects of antenna implantation depth and capsule shell thickness on its performance, providing insights into practical considerations. The proposed dual-band antenna demonstrates good performance in both the 1.4 GHz Wireless Medical Telemetry Services (WMTS) and 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands, exhibiting measured impedance bandwidths of 36% and 22%, respectively. The measured peak realized gains are −22.9 dBi and −25.3 dBi for the WMTS and ISM bands, respectively, with a compact footprint of 78.5 mm2. To ensure health and safety and optimal performance, we evaluate the antenna's specific absorption rate (SAR) and link margin (LM). Additionally, we assess the performance of the proposed antenna in comparison with the state-of-the-art design for capsule antennas in WCE applications.

A Wideband and Dual-Polarized Millimeter-Wave Antenna With Single-Layered Geometry and Low Profile

This paper reports the design of a novel wideband and dual-polarized millimeter-wave antenna with single-layered geometry and low profile. The antenna is mainly composed of a square patch and two inverted-F antennas (IFAs), and they are located in the same substrate layer. Wide bandwidth has been achieved by taking advantage of the dual resonances generated by patch and IFA modes. The antenna feed is constructed by a through pin connecting to the corresponding IFA and, therefore, leading to a dual-polarized antenna performance as well as a single-layered antenna structure with a low profile of 0.07 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . An L-shaped metal strip has been introduced in order to improve the port isolation. The design concept has been verified by prototyping and testing a 2×2 array antenna in the Ka band. It has been demonstrated that the proposed 2×2 array antenna has a 21% bandwidth with average total efficiency higher than 72% and realized gain up to 11.1 dBi.

Gain Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wi-Fi Augmentation

Abstract: A wideband, compact and low profile microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) design for wireless fidelity and C-band considerations is very advantageous in various applications. The antenna proposed in this paper consists of a simple laterally inverted Swastik-shaped patch with the microstrip line fed and a rectangular ground plane. The antenna has patch dimension of 15mm×12mm, substrate dimension of 20mm×20mm overall size, prototyped on FR4 material of excellent physical and electrical properties, thickness of 0.5 mm and a dielectric constant of 4.4. According to the software simulation results, the proposed MSPA displays remarkable return loss and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and operates at the Wi-Fi frequency of 5 GHz. In addition to this, it may also be operated in the frequency range of 4-8 GHz. The results obtained from the measurements are similar to the fabricated antenna after testing using the vector network analyzer (VNA).

Design, implementation and analysis of wide-band antenna with novel DGS for RF energy harvesting

Design, implementation and analysis of wide-band antenna with novel DGS for RF energy harvesting

A Compact High Gain Wideband Metamaterial Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Applications

This paper presents a design of high gain wideband antenna with metasurface for sub-6 GHz applications. The antennas at sub-6 GHz have a narrow bandwidth and low gain with a narrower axial ratio (AR). Hence, antennas combined with metamaterials are proposed to overcome these issues. The proposed metasurface antenna is designed with the implementation of W-shape transmission lines within the vias. The proposed antenna with metasurface is simulated using CST software and then fabricated on the FR4 substrate with (er=4.4 and h=1.6 mm). The antenna performance achieved a wide bandwidth of 85% and operates at 2 GHz to 5 GHz. A compact size of 45% is achieved with a high gain of 7.12 dB. The proposed antenna is suitable to be used in future sub-6 GHz applications.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TRI-BAND MONOPOLE ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) ANTENNA

A portable, low-cost, simple monopole antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested, and measured results compared with simulations. Dual-band characteristics at 2.0-2.6 GHz and 3.1-10.6 GHz are obtained by semi-annular shaped radiation patch. Band-notched features at 2.0-3.0 GHz and 5.15-5.825 GHz obtained by providing L-shape slots, rectangular slots in ground plane, and a small ring slot on semi-annular shaped radiation patch, improve the band-notch characteristics which effect the bandwidth of resonant frequencies. The monopole ultra wide band (UWB) antenna was built on an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a size of 50 mm &amp;times; 24 mm &amp;times; 1.6 mm. The 3D high-frequency (EM) simulation software (HFSS) is used to simulate and optimize the proposed antenna structure. The measured results of the designed antenna with different dimensions of slots have produced S11 &amp;#60; -10 dB over the three bands (2.0-2.6 GHz, 3.1-5.15 GHz, and 5.8-11.4 GHz) without a circular slot, by adjusting a circular slot radius on a semi-annular structure that improves the band-notch characteristics. The monopole UWB antenna exhibits stable gain and provides omnidirectional radiation pattern over the desired bands.

Wideband and Dual-Polarized Crossed Dipole Antenna Design Using Substrate-Integrated Coax

A wideband and dual-polarized dipole antenna design technique is presented. The proposed antenna employs two sets of dipole elements in orthogonal configuration and separated by a dielectric layer. The dipole elements are excited with two separate substrate-integrated-coaxial feeds to achieve high port-to-port isolation and the overall antenna stackup is enclosed in a substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) cavity. To validate the proposed substrate-integrated-coaxial fed dual-polarized antenna design method, a prototype antenna was fabricated using standard multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing technologies to operate in the Ku-band. The measured and simulated results exhibit that the designed antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth of less than -10dB reflection coefficients at 10.28-14.8GHz and the port-to-port isolation between the two orthogonally polarized dipole antenna ports is greater than 20dB at most frequencies, making it suitable for many applications such as satellite communications. The antenna has a relatively stable gain pattern with a gain value of 5.5-6.5dBi and a low cross-polarization level (<16dB) over the operating frequency range.

Wideband band-notched monopulse antenna design utilizing differential mode and common mode radiations

This letter proposes a dual-port wideband monopulse Vivaldi antenna based on a new perspective of common mode and differential mode radiations. To realize the sum and difference patterns utilizing the differential and common mode radiations, a metallic wedge is introduced in the center of the Vivaldi antenna, the effect of the virtual magnetic wall disappears, and the realistic electric wall plays the dominant role, fulfilling the boundary condition for difference beam under common mode excitation. Meanwhile, the sum beam is kept unchanged under differential mode excitation. The desired sum and difference radiation patterns are realized in a single Vivaldi antenna under differential mode and common mode excitations, respectively. Moreover, a notched band is introduced for interference suppression, and the notched frequency can be easily controlled by adjusting the microstrip feeding stub without loading an extra resonator. Measured results show that the proposed monopulse antenna exhibits 101 % fractional bandwidth from 2.2 GHz to 6.7 GHz, in which a notched band is from 3.75 GHz to 4.3 GHz. Across the operational band, the average gain of the sum pattern is 8 dBi, and the null depth of the difference pattern is below −15 dB. Measured results agree well with the simulated ones.

Self-Sensing Antenna for Soil Moisture: Beacon Approach.

On the way from the Internet of things (IoT) to the Internet of underground things (IoUT) the main challenge is antenna design. The enabling technologies still rely on simple design and low cost, but the systems are more complex. The LoRa-based system combined with a machine learning approach can be used for the estimation of soil moisture by using signal strength data, but for the improvement of the system performance we propose the optimization of the antenna for underground use. The soil properties are frequency-dependent and varying in time, which may cause variations in the signal wavelength and input impedance of the antenna underground. Instead of using wideband antenna design or standard helical antenna provided in LoRa module, which are typical in the IoUT research community for communication links, we propose a narrow-band antenna design for the application in soil moisture sensing. It is shown that the approach of simply matching the antenna buried in dry sand can provide a substantial signal level difference, ranging from approximately 10 dB (achieved by proof-of-concept measurements) to as much as 40 dB (calculated by a full wave simulator) in reflection coefficient when the moisture content is being increased by 20%. This can ensure more reliable radio sensing in novel sensorless technology where soil moisture information is extracted from the signal strength of a transmitting device.

Design and Characterization of a Planar Structure Wideband Millimeter-Wave Antenna With Wide Beamwidth for Wearable Off-Body Communication Applications

This letter presents the design of a planar single-layer wideband antenna featuring wide beamwidth has well as high and stable in-band gain. The proposed antenna is a planar monopole fed by a bottom-grounded coplanar waveguide to realize wide beamwidth in both the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">xz</i> - and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">yz</i> -planes. Simultaneous optimization of all adjustable antenna parameters, carried out at the full-wave electromagnetic simulation level. The constructive interference of the radiated fields resulting in impedance bandwidth of more than 2 GHz, from 27 to 29 GHz. Along with a stable realized gain (>11 dBi) in the operating frequency band. The proposed antenna maintains a directional radiation pattern in the broadside direction. Merging the radiated modes of the slots and the parasitic patch elements also extends the antenna beamwidth to roughly ±35° with respect to the broadside direction. Following a detailed theoretical analysis, the antenna is validated numerically and experimentally, both in the free space and on a human volunteer chest and arm.

Design and Analysis of a 5G Wideband Antenna for Wireless Body-Centric Network

A compact 5G wideband antenna for body-centric network (BCN) operating on Ka band has been presented in this paper. The design of the antenna consists of a very simple key-shaped radiator patch with a vertical slot for better impedance matching. The antenna was designed and simulated with the help of the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio Suite, a well-liked and dependable electromagnetic simulation program running on Microsoft Windows. Free-space simulation produces a resonant frequency at 28 GHz, which falls under the Ka band and 5G’s n257, more precisely n261. The proposed antenna has a size of 1.24 λ × 0.6 λ × 0.153 λ and has a wider impedance bandwidth of more than 20 GHz. The antenna’s gain and radiation efficiency are 3.87 dBi and 70%, respectively, at the resonant point. Further parametric studies reveal that the antenna can be activated in the V-band by increasing the feedline width. The antenna is proposed for the application of BCN. Therefore, a three-dimensional human torso phantom was developed virtually to test on-body performance. The on-body findings of this antenna were resimulated by positioning the antenna in close proximity to the three-layer human body model, where 22.5 dB of on-body reflection coefficient was recorded at 28 GHz. Simulated on-body gain and efficiency were 4.56 dBi and 61.33 percent, respectively. A distance-based investigation was conducted to investigate the impacts of the human body’s presence by positioning the antenna at five different distances from the human torso model. The findings were compared to assess how distance affects its behaviors. The antenna’s gap was kept at 6 mm for the optimum results, which included 4.83 dBi of gain with a 66 percent efficiency and a recorded RL value of about 23 dB. The on-body simulations produced very consistent results with a slight deviation after 26.5 GHz, even though the distance was varied.

Enhancing Efficiency for Wideband Antennas by Controlling the Parasitic Resonance of the Feed Structure

Parallel resonance feed structures can be used to implement wideband impedance characteristics. However, at some frequencies, parasitic resonance is generated in the feed structure. Radiation efficiency nullification occurs at the frequency of the parasitic resonance. This frequency moves with the size of the feed structure. In this paper, two antennas with different parallel resonance feed structures are presented. By simply modifying the feed structure, the frequency of the parasitic resonance is shifted. The impedance bandwidth and the efficiencies of the two antennas confirm that antenna performance is significantly enhanced when a parasitic resonance is moved away from the antenna operating band. This research provides a simple and feasible method for the design of practical high-performance wideband antennas.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Design and analysis of super wide band antenna and its notch band characteristics

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Design and analysis of super wide band antenna and its notch band characteristics

Substrate Analysis on the Design of Wide-Band Antenna for Sub-6GHz 5G Communication.

While copper is overwhelmingly used as the radiated part in microstrip antenna design studies, the choice of dielectric material offers a wide range of possibilities. At high frequencies, the effect of substrate permittivity on antenna performance is dramatically higher than low frequency microstrip antennas. For this purpose, in this study, a discussion on 4 different dielectric substrates to increase the overall efficiency of conventional sub-6 GHz 5G microstrip antenna is presented. A reference rectangular patch is modeled on FR4, Arlon AD300C, Rogers RO4003C and Mica substrates respectively. The radiating patch sizes are calculated and modeled for each dielectric substrate separately and then optimized for 5.65 GHz. Finally, gain and bandwidth analysis are performed with the help of CST Studio. Arlon AD300C, which is revealed to be the best in performance criteria analysis, is used for the proposed antenna fabrication and the simulated results are verified by bandwidth and gain measurements in a fully anechoic chamber. Finally, the advantages of the proposed antenna over some Sub-6 GHz 5G antennas with randomly selected substrates are confirmed by a comparative table.

Comparative Exploration of Diverse Substrate Materials on Performance of Ultra Wide Band Antenna Design for on Body WBAN Applications

Comparative Exploration of Diverse Substrate Materials on Performance of Ultra Wide Band Antenna Design for on Body WBAN Applications

Simple wideband extended aperture antenna-inspired circular patch for V-band communication systems

This article presents the design and realization of compact, geometrically simple, wideband and high gain antenna for V-band communication systems. The antenna is designed by using a conventional circular patch, which is further modified by using another fractal circular patch. Furthermore, the addition of three elliptical shaped patches significantly increases the bandwidth of the antenna. Afterwards, a circular slot is etched from the radiator to improve the radiation pattern of the antenna. The proposed structure comprises of an overall substrate size of 13 × 12 × 0.508 mm3 and designed using Duroid 5880 having very low loss tangent of 0.0009. To verify the presented results, the antenna prototype is fabricated and tested. The comparison among simulated and measured results shows a strong performance. Moreover, the comparison with state of the artwork shows that the antenna offers compact size, wide bandwidth, high gain, and good radiation efficiency. Thus, it makes the proposed antenna a potential candidate for the V-band communication systems.

On Design of a Triple Elliptical Super Wideband Antenna for 5G Applications

A novel compact triple elliptical monopole antenna has been designed, analyzed and fabricated for super wideband applications. To enhance the impedance bandwidth, the author proposed a monopole antenna with a triple elliptical patch excited by a 50&#x03A9; triangular tapered microstrip feedline. Further improvement is achieved by optimally modifying the Defected Ground Structure (DGS) of the antenna. The proposed patch structure is mounted on a Roger&#x2019;s RT-Duroid 5880 substrate (&#x03F5;_r= 2.2, tan &#x03B4; = 0.0009) and has compact physical dimensions of 27 mm &#x00D7; 29.5 mm. The fabricated antenna covers the frequency band from 1.91 GHz to 43.5 GHz for S₁₁ &#x2264; -10 dB with a fractional bandwidth of &#x003E;183.17% and has a ratio bandwidth of 22.77:1. This extended bandwidth coverage permits the antenna to operate for wide range of application including 5G and Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed antenna has a very Bandwidth Dimension Ratio (BDR) of 5761.87 which makes it the best candidate for superwideband antenna. Far field measurements disclose an omnidirectional radiation pattern across the frequency of operation. Further, the farfield Radar Cross Section (RCS) is analyzed through simulation and it is to be noted that relatively low values are obtained through out the frequency of operation. In addition, the compactness of the proposed antenna is theoretically verified with the aid of fundamental dimension limit theorem.