Wide Variety Of Lasers Research Articles

BASIC LASER PRINCIPLES

Skin diseases have been treated with lasers since the early 1960s. The three principal chromophores in the skin--hemoglobin, melanin, and water--have different absorption spectra that selectively absorb certain wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. A given wavelength and pulse duration will selectively treat a target containing a chromophore. The wide variety of lasers and their applications are discussed.

Lasers in Plastic Surgery: Current Practice

A wide variety of lasers provides the plastic surgeon with treatment options that were not available previously. Appropriate, safe use of lasers complements the many therapeutic treatment options available to plastic surgeons. Lasers have introduced a new therapeutic modality. Because of the ways the skin and its defects may be altered with lasers, they will be an increasingly important part of plastic surgery.

Introduction to the Applied Laser Engineering Center (ALEC)

In 1990, the Applied Laser Engineering Center (ALEC) was established in Nagaoka City, Niigata Prefecture, by the joint investment of New Energy Development Organization (NEDO), two local governments, i.e. Niigata Prefecture and Nagaoka City, and 38 private companies. Installed in this center are a variety of lasers covering the wavelengths from infrared to ultraviolet, including new lasers such as CO laser and Iodine Lasers (COIL). Presently, many research projects are being conducted at ALEC under specially organized committees composed of scientists and engineers from universities and research institutions, and with member companies. A wide variety of lasers, possessed by ALEC, are open to everybody with charge. Special precautions are taken to keep the infomation confidential, such as the purposes and the obtained data.

High performance InGaAsP/InP semiconductor quantum well lasers realized by gas source molecular beam epitaxy

A wide variety of lasers with multiquantum well structures have been sucessfully realized: 1.55 μm single longitudinal mode DFB laser (50 mW output power); 1.48 μm Fabry-Perot pump source (190 mW output power); multiphase shift DFB laser with narrow linewidth (<330 kHz); multielectrode laser usuable as FM transmitter (tunability 100 GHz with linewidth <1 MHz); multisection distributed Bragg reflector laser (tunability 375 GHz with 10 MHz linewidth). All these devices have been fabricated using Gas Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy (GSMBE) for the double heterostructure growth and Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) for blocking layer regrowth. This process of fabrication leads to a good reproducibility and reliability

Laser Application in Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery

Since the discovery of the laser in 1959, a wide variety of lasers have been developed with numerous clinical applications in medicine and surgery. Lasers have had a great impact on the surgical approach to both benign and malignant diseases in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and have enabled the otolaryngologist to manage diseases in the aerodigestive system primarily through an endoscopic approach. We will summarize the physical properties of the currently used lasers in otolaryngology, as well as their clinical applications.

Applications Of Lasers To Magnetic Confinement Fusion Plasmas

In the drive toward achieving controlled thermonuclear fusion using magnetic confinement of high temperature plasmas, there is a critical need for detailed knowledge of essential plasma parameters such as electron density and temperature. Lasers have made significant contributions to the magnetic confinement fusion program by providing nonperturbing measurements of almost all desired parameters with high spatial and temporal resolution. A wide variety of lasers have been utilized with wavelengths covering the range from the vacuum ultraviolet (-1200 A) to millimeter regions of the spectrum. To illustrate the impact that lasers have made in plasma diagnostics, this paper reviews the selected techniques of laser interferometry, Thomson scattering, and laser resonance fluorescence, together with the relevant laser require-ments. The current state of the art is described, and future needs are projected. The successes already achieved will ensure an expanding role for lasers in the fusion energy program.

Laser Safety Standards

Today, vast numbers of researchers, technicians, teachers, students and laymen are being exposed to radiation from a wide variety of lasers. The nature of some of the photobiological mechanisms which are responsible for tissue damage are discussed briefly. Laser radiation parameters which influence the degree of danger to ocular tissues are indicated and threshold values are given. The difference between establishing safety criteria and suggesting safety procedures is defined. A brief account of some of the problems that must be solved before safety criteria can be estalished is given and current safety procedures are discussed.