Wide-span Structures Research Articles

Assessment of Large Span Multistory Building Using Various Slab Under Earthquake Response

With the growing need for multistory buildings in a variety of industries, the need for novel structural solutions has become critical. This research looks at the structural behaviour of wide span structures, with an emphasis on the use of various slab forms to meet the problems provided by growing architectural trends. The study undertakes a detailed literature analysis, looking into the use of Grid Slabs, Flat Slabs, Waffle Slabs, and Ribbed Slabs alongside regular slabs to improve stiffness and load-carrying capability in large-span buildings. Architects are challenged to accommodate bigger spans while minimising the number of columns, which has led to the introduction of novel slab layouts. Grid Slabs, which have unique grid patterns, and well-established Flat Slabs are popular alternatives. The analysis of the literature reveals an increasing trend among academics who have effectively used various slab designs to meet the issues given by long spans. The findings provide architects, structural engineers, and construction industry stakeholders significant insights into the performance features and advantages associated with each slab type. This study adds to the continuing discussion about optimising structural designs for large-span structures to meet the changing demands of current construction practises. The complete analysis is a helpful resource for professionals involved in multistory building design and construction, assisting in informed decision-making and supporting developments in the field.

Sustainable Building Design and Construction: Integrated Disassembly Principles with Prefabricated Structural Modules for Wide-Span Structures

Sustainable Building Design and Construction: Integrated Disassembly Principles with Prefabricated Structural Modules for Wide-Span Structures

APPLICATION OF DIGITAL STRUCTURE SIMULATION AS A TOOL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF WIDE SPAN STRUCTURE IDEAS

Review on structure behaviour and visual appearance of a building is needed in generating creativity in the making of an architectural design. The use of any specific structure software will facilitate this in the process. This research aims to prove the effectiveness with which designers can compose alternative forms of architectural appearance through the use of the software. One of the tools in the creative process used in the exploration of 2-dimensional frame structures is DR FRAME. The observations were carried in the Structure and Construction IV Studio at Itenas Architecture Study Program Bandung through a digital simulation using DR. FRAME software demo version. Several students are invited to explore various forms of wide-span truss structures at the level of unified integration. The results through the program execution show various diagrams which can be implemented in the design of the form and the type of structural components. DR.FRAME software enriches ideas in the wide-span structure design which provides an understanding of the relationship between structural behaviour and the appearance of architectural design. The use of other supporting software is supposed to be applied as an alternative search for various structural design ideas for architecture students

Numerical Models of the Connection of Thin-Walled Z-Profile Roof Purlins

High thin-walled purlins of Z cross-section are important elements in steel wide-span structures. Their behaviour is influenced by many variables that need to be examined for every specific case. Their practical design thus requires extended knowledge of their behaviour for the possible configurations and dimensions. Numerical analysis verified by experimental investigation can thus enrich such knowledge. Numerical models have the advantage of repeatability and the ability to offer parametric changes. The parametric study presented shows a detailed description of a finite element model of thin-walled cross-sectional roof purlins connected to other roof elements. Models include various approaches to modelling bolt connection. Two schemes of purlins, with and without cleats, are presented. The results of different approaches in numerical modelling are compared with the results of a physical test on a real structure. The article shows a significant agreement in the case of specific approaches and points out the differences with others. The results can be helpful in terms of how to approach the modelling of thin-walled structures and the effective approach to experimental preparation.

Comparison structure and construction of Husein Sastranegara International Airport terminal and Kertajati International Kertajati terminal in West Java

The need for air transportation increases every year. Indonesian government is on a never-ending construction of airport infrastructure across new regional points to create equitable development. Airport is an infrastructure to connect between modes of transportation. One of the most important parts of airport is the passenger terminal. Passenger terminal requires a wide-span structural system in order to accommodate arrival and departure procedures without disturbing circulation. Large wide-span structure requires an effective construction system. This paper aims to describe wide-span structures in airport terminal buildings. The method used in this study is qualitative with comparative strategy, primary data are obtained by open interviews related to airport terminal data and the secondary data related to structure obtained by a variety of literature. Data are analysed by comparing structures and construction systems at two international airports that have different structure sizes and systems, namely Husein Sastranegara Airport and Kertajati Airport. The results of this study show that alternative choices of wide span structure systems are adjusted to the form concept and airport location.

Nonlinear 3D finite element modelling of conventional and composite steel spaceframes structures

Spaceframes steel structures are a common worldwide technique for roofing wide areas. In this study, after validating one of the models experimentally, nonlinear 3d finite element modelling were performed to analyze failure mechanism of space frames models with the help of Abaqus program. Additionally, this study attempts to convert such common roofing structure to a composite structure using ultra high strength concrete slab to withstand various floor loads. Various space frames shaft angles were tested, namely, 30, 45, and 60. Tests results were evaluated and compared in term of ultimate load, load at maximum displacement, toughness, and stiffness. Tests results have shown that spaceframes models with angle 60 have the highest load capacity compared to other angles, and highest toughness compared to various techniques. Also, compositing 40 mm of ultra-high-performance concrete slab method has approved its efficiency to withstand loads and showed comparable results with the conventional spaceframes. the composite systems with sufficient concrete slab thickness and strength have reflected an efficient technique for flooring wide span structures.

A Case Study on Design and Optimization of Adaptive Civil Structures

Taking advantage of adaptivity in the field of civil engineering is subject to ongoing research. Integration of adaptive elements in the load bearing structure is already well established in many other engineering fields, albeit mostly for different purposes than withstanding predominantly static loads. First investigations promise substantial material and energy saving potentials also in the field of civil engineering, especially considering high-rise buildings or wide span structures, like roofs or bridges. Adaptive civil structures offer new potentials to tackle current challenges emanating from emission problems and shortage of materials. Therefore, we compare the possible minimum weight designs for different actuator placement approaches and for different structural topologies, fulfilling different constraints for high-rise buildings. We focus on case studies of illustrative examples to show, which advantages and disadvantages can be expected from a specific design. The overarching aim is to learn how truss and beam structures should be designed to exhibit good performance as an adaptive structure.

EKSPLORASI KONSTRUKSI BAMBU RECIPROCAL-DEPLOYABLE GRIDSHELL

Abstrak - Adanya keterbutuhan akan naungan semi-permanen atau sementara yang mudah dan cepat dibangun untuk sesuatu peristiwa tertentu. Pada penelitian ini menggali potensi struktur bentang lebar transformatif dengan menggabungkan dan mengembangkan sistem struktur konstruksi deployable dan reciprocal dalam bentuk struktur atap bidang gridshell bambu, menjadi sebuah konfigurasi mandiri tersusun dari variasi komposisi modul dengan bantuan komputasional mengikuti kebutuhan desain arsitektur. Hal ini dilakukan dengan mengetahui potensi sistem struktur, pola desain, dan sistem sambungan pada beberapa objek studi yang dievaluasi secara kualitatif dengan metode komparasi pada sistem struktur, sambungan, karakter batang, penyaluran beban, sistem penguncian struktur, dan deployability.Manfaat penelitian berfokus pada penelitian struktur bambu untuk menjadi inovasi baru dalam keteknikan material bambu yang dapat meningkatkan nilai lokalitas Indonesia dengan dapat digunakan masyarakat terutama dalam menggunakan material bambu untuk pengembangan naungan sementara maupun permanen.Pembahasan mengenai kriteria sistem struktur sesuai tujuan penelitian merupakan hasil dari analisa objek studi dimana struktur transformasi berdasarkan karakter struktur deployable sedangkan struktur reciprocal merupakan sistem yang menyokong untuk memberikan kestabilan dan sistem penguncian mandiri. Kedua struktur ini merupakan sistem struktur yang fleksible dan mudah diduplikasi sehingga untuk memenuhi fungsi sebagai struktur bentang lebar, sistem struktur didesain membentuk gridshell. Bentuk gridshell ini yang diolah dengan bantuan komputasional untuk membentuk sistem struktur reciprocal-deployable secara efektif.Penelitian yang bersifat eksplorasi, eksperimen dilakukan pada pola reciprocal hingga menemukan pola paling stabil dan mengubah karakter batang lurus pada reciprocal menjadi batang deployable berupa scissor-like element, lalu mengembangkan jenis sambungan dengan analisa potensi dan kendala tiap sambungan. Eksperimen menghasilkan sistem struktur baru dengan menggabungkan kedua sistem struktur didapatkan struktur yang dapat bertransformasi, memiliki sistem penguncian mandiri, dan dapat membentang lebar dengan bentuk gridshell.

Recent Work on the Design and Construction of Air Inflated Structures

Over the last few years our practice has been responsible for the structural design of a number of lightweight structures that achieve their structural stability by inflating elements of fabric structure. The paper will explain the design rationale of key examples; describing the structural forms, methods of analysis and design, and the detailing, materials, and methods of fabrication. The largest and most complex of these structures to date is a demountable stage set structure for the Cirque du Soleil “Toruk: First Flight” show, comprising two 15 metre high and 20 metre wide structures. The stage set structures form ‘trees’ on which acrobats climb and perform. Each structure incorporates a high level access gantry with acrobat suspension and counterweight systems, as well as a secondary inflatable skin cladding. The entire primary structure and cladding system is constructed from inflated fabric elements using internal pressures ranging from 0.5 KN/m2 up to 90 KN/m2, and are deflated down to less than 5% of their erected volume for transport between venues. Other examples of our work described will include temporary pavilions with clear spans of up to 25 metres, using a combination of air tight and air permeable elements. Also a range of wide span structures that we describe as “semi-permanent” that are capable of resisting full environmental wind and snow loading, and that are fully demountable but that can also be erected for extended periods of time in a single location.

Calculation of Long Span Structures to Seismic and Accidental Impacts in Nonlinear Dynamic Formulation

This article suggests methods of calculations of buildings and structures responsible for specific effects on the basis of nonlinear dynamic methods. Example of calculations wide-span structures in the time domain by direct integration of equations of motion, taking into account the nonlinear nature of the structures.

Reliability-Based Analysis and Design of Wide-Span Structures under Stochastic Wind Loads

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to present a reliability-based method for structural analysis and design under stochastic wind loads so that nominal wind pressure coefficients p′* (associated with the covariance matrix Cp′) can be defined for use in the context of the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method. The novelty of the formulation presented in this paper is based on the approach used to solve the problem of considering simultaneously the wind load as random variables (the maximum mean wind pressure outside the influence of the structure on the life cycle of the facility) and the wind load as a space and time random process defined by the covariance matrix Cp′ (i.e., a second moment approximation for the non-Gaussian process) and the peak factor q. The nominal wind pressure coefficients p′, associated with the covariance matrix Cp′, are defined so that the three sources of wind randomness can be independently considered: (1) the randomness in the peak factor q (which depends on the m...

Categorizing the Roof Forms of Indoor Ballparks

Stadiums are large theaters for entertainment purposes while being social and architectural propaganda in towns and cities built in. Design priorities are achieved in these buildings if structure and enclosure are recognized carefully in all scales. Indoor Ballparks are a type of stadiums that support outdoor sports, such as baseball, football or soccer. The numbers of these wide span structures are increasing due to versatile needs today. These structures are being built with different shapes and structural forms around the world nowadays. In this paper 76 Indoor Ballparks with the capacity of over 15000 occupants are considered and categorized into 4 categories based on their roof forms including One-way Curved Roofs (OCR), Two-way Curved Roofs (TCR), Flat & Gable Roofs (FAGR) and Exposed Structural Element Roofs (ESER). Methodology of this classification and the results are presented in this paper.

About formfinding of double-curved structures

As part of the conceptual design of especially domes, shells, and membrane-type structures `formfinding' an adequate shape is decisive with respect to load bearing behaviour and aesthetic expression of the structure. Originally only `free forms', consisting of geometrical elements and their derivatives, were and could be used. These are today implemented in CAD systems. However, when designing very thin surface-like wide span structures, a completely different approach becomes imperative: their shape has to be designed based on `figures of equilibrium'. Until about 30 years ago this could be done only with the aid of physical models. Efficient computer techniques evolving from different `schools' since then base themselves on different mathematical–mechanical starting platforms, for example on FEM or dynamical formulations. The `Stuttgart-direct-approach', developed by the author and his group, uses simultaneous techniques from least squares, graph-theory, and numerical mathematics. It is also connected from the very beginning to the powerful concept of `force-densities', published by the author in 1971. The basic concepts are outlined and illustrated by a brief example