Wide Range Of Different Disciplines Research Articles

Strengthening the foundations of Polish science

The PASIFIC postdoctoral fellowship programme supports research across a wide range of different disciplines, from condensed matter physics to philosophy and sociology. Attracting talented researchers to Poland will help strengthen the country’s scientific base and bring wider benefits, as Professor Paweł Rowiński and Bogna Hryniszyn explain.

Women Scientists on TikTok: New Opportunities to Become Visible and Challenge Gender Stereotypes

Today, women scientists are still underrepresented in media coverage and confronted with gender stereotypes. However, social media might have the potential to challenge current gender stereotypes of scientists, foster diversity in science communication, and open new ways of becoming visible. We explore this potential by analyzing TikTok accounts of female scholars (<em>n</em> = 50 accounts). Results from content analysis (<em>n</em> = 150 videos) indicate that female scientists from a wide range of different disciplines and at different career stages are visible on TikTok. Building on previous research, we show that female scholars use TikTok mainly to explain scientific facts and concepts and to discuss what being a (female) scholar is like. Moreover, female scholars talk about private life events, give expert advice, and show science in the making. Finally, some of the videos analyzed address gender stereotypes by, for example, challenging assumptions on how a female professor should dress. Implications for science communication in the digital age are discussed.

Accelerated dispersion curve calculations for periodic vibro-acoustic structures

Over the years, metamaterials have shown their potential in a wide range of different disciplines, e.g. optics, electromagnetics, dynamics etc. Metamaterials are, often periodic, engineered structures made of conventional materials but which exhibit properties not encountered in nature. In the field of noise and vibration, metamaterials have received increasing interest since they can obtain frequency ranges of high noise and vibration attenuation, called stop bands. Their performance is often investigated by means of dispersion curves, which are calculated based on a single unit cell and assuming a structure of infinite periodic extent. Nowadays, the attenuation of acoustic and structural waves is commonly tackled as two separate problems, whereby either acoustic or structural dispersion curves are used. Recently, vibro-acoustic unit cell designs have come to the fore which can exhibit appealing characteristics, such as simultaneous structural and acoustic stop bands. To consider the vibro-acoustic coupling in these unit cell designs during the performance predictions, vibro-acoustic dispersion curve calculations are thus required. However, these computations are typically cumbersome to perform due to the associated high computational cost and therefore, often, uncoupled dispersion curves are used during the performance assessment. Although several unit cell model order reduction approaches have recently been proposed to accelerate the dispersion curve computations, such as the Bloch mode synthesis (BMS) and Generalized Bloch mode synthesis (GBMS), they are not readily applicable to vibro-acoustic unit cells. To accelerate vibro-acoustic dispersion curve calculations, this work extends the BMS and GBMS techniques towards 2D and 3D periodic vibro-acoustic systems. To balance accuracy versus speed, the extended BMS reduction basis is constructed using a split set of vibro-acoustic coupled modes, while the extended GBMS reduction basis uses the uncoupled modes. Several verification cases demonstrate that strongly accelerated vibro-acoustic dispersion curve computations are achieved whereby the vibro-acoustic coupling inside the unit cell is accurately accounted for.

Непрерывное образование и цели устойчивого развития: программа переподготовки «Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации»

One of the key priorities of UN sustainable development goals is to give access to quality continuing education, provided in particular by higher education institutions in the framework of training courses and retraining programs. This paper analyzes original linguodidactic textbook, developed by the Department of international communication, School of world politics at Lomonosov Moscow State University for its retraining program “Interpreter / Translator in the sphere of professional communication”. The content plane of the textbook discusses core sustainable development goals, ensuring interconnectedness of global society aims and program learning objectives. The program is designed in accordance with state requirements to professional competences of translators and interpreters, in line with modern teaching methodology. The integration of different program components in one manual allows to apply knowledge gained in the course of theoretical courses in linguistics and translation studies and master translator/interpreter competencies. The article describes the set of tasks elaborated to provide comprehensive and motivated mastery of both content and target skills relevant to the retraining profile. The textbook has been successfully tested in 2018–2021 and can be recommended for retraining and training programs for a wide range of different disciplines, such as politics or international relations.

Atmospheric Convection Model Based Digital Confidentiality Scheme

Nonlinear dynamics is a fascinating area that is intensely affecting a wide range of different disciplines of science and technology globally. The combination of different innovative topics of information security and high-speed computing has added new visions into the behavior of complex nonlinear dynamical systems which uncovered amazing results even in the least difficult nonlinear models. The generation of complex actions from a very simple dynamical method has a strong relation with information security. The protection of digital content is one of the inescapable concerns of the digitally advanced world. Today, information plays an important role in everyday life and affects the surroundings rapidly. These digital contents consist of text, images, audio, and videos, respectively. Due to the vast usage of digital images in the number of social and web applications, its security is one of the biggest issues. In this work, we have offered an innovative image encryption technique based on present criteria of confusion and diffusion. The designed scheme comprises two major nonlinear dynamical systems. We have employed discrete fractional chaotic iterative maps to add confusion capability in our suggested algorithm and continuous chaotic Lorenz system. We have verified our offered scheme by using statistical analysis. The investigations under the statistical tests suggested that our proposed technique is quite reasonable for the security of digital data.

Argus Vision: A Tracking Tool for Exhibition Designers

Abstract Contemporary exhibitions are increasingly staged using extensive and often interactive media. To create such exhibitions, exhibition design companies employ professionals from a wide range of different disciplines. The support of interdisciplinary exhibition designers in the design process is one goal of research in Human-Computer Interaction. This includes the deployment of Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Tools that enable professionals from all disciplines involved to design and create interactive media themselves. In this paper, we will present Argus Vision, a DIY Tool, which allows exhibition designers the use of camera-tracking to rapidly prototype and develop immersive exhibitions and interactive installations. We successfully used Argus Vision in two real-world case studies both in the prototyping and in the deployment of two installations in exhibitions. Additionally, we conducted expert interviews with exhibition designers, investigating the tool’s usefulness for them.

Semantic Bridging of Cultural Heritage Disciplines and Tasks

The Cultural Heritage (CH) domain encompasses a wide range of different disciplines, serving the study, interpretation, curation, and preservation of objects, collections, archives, sites, and the dissemination of related knowledge. In this context, stakeholders generate, retrieve, and share a vast amount of diverse information. Therefore, information interoperability has been considered a crucial task, especially in terms of semantics. In this way, the CIDOC CRM (International Committee for Documentation Conceptual Reference Model) has been widely used as an underlying model that offers interoperability between CH domain metadata standards and ontologies. To the best of our knowledge, an overall review of mapping, merging, and extending this core ontology, as well as an aggregate table which classifies and correlates those ontologies and standards, has not yet been presented. Our study conducts an aggregate review of relevant published efforts and outlines the various associations between them, encapsulating the CIDOC CRM and its specialized models, as well. This work aims to further clarify the field and scope of the different works, identify their methods, and highlight the semantic overlap, or differences, between them.

Bibliometric mapping of microbiology research topics (2012-16): a comparison by socioeconomic development and infectious disease vulnerability values.

Amongst health-related scientific disciplines, microbiology appears to play a vital role in creating a sustainable future with respect to health, the environment and a biobased economy. Microbiology research covers a wide range of different disciplines and addresses many important global issues. This study aimed to identify topics being addressed within the last 5 years (2012-16) in the field of microbiology worldwide and to compare them in terms of three different indicators: gross domestic product, Human Development Index and Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index. The dataset of this study comprised 167 874 articles and reviews from 2012 to 2016, which were extracted from the Web of Science Medline. To identify and visualise the topics addressed during the studied period, VOSviewer was used. The construction and visualisation of the term map was done based on 5918 MESH subject headings. The methodology and procedures employed included Kruskal-Wallis test and two-sample proportion test. Overall, our study showed that the field of microbiology has focused on six different topics during 2012-16. The papers written with the collaboration of countries with low socioeconomic status and high vulnerability to infectious diseases mainly addressed topics related to the primary needs of people such as food safety, the prevention and control of infectious diseases, food and energy poverty. In contrast, papers written with the collaboration of countries with high socioeconomic development status and less vulnerability to infectious diseases mainly focused on big data, alternative methods to animal experiments.

Editorial

In this current issue we offer you ve top articles from a wide range of different disciplines. Two articles are located in South Africa, one within health sciences and one in theatre studies. Museums in Cameroon, international legal frameworks linking the UK and Mauritius, and the European slave trade in 17th century Madagascar sum up the content of the remaining three articles. As always, we also publish a number of reports, mostly summaries of PhDs on Africa defended at Ghent University. The objective of these reports is to give you an overview of the Africa research taking place at Ghent University. In addition, we also want to give some visibility to these junior researchers, so please have a look at their topics and do not hesitate to get in touch with them for further questions and comments. Enjoy and... have you had a look already at the results of the presidential elections in Somalia?In this current issue we offer you ve top articles from a wide range of different disciplines. Two articles are located in South Africa, one within health sciences and one in theatre studies. Museums in Cameroon, international legal frameworks linking the UK and Mauritius, and the European slave trade in 17th century Madagascar sum up the content of the remaining three articles. As always, we also publish a number of reports, mostly summaries of PhDs on Africa defended at Ghent University. The objective of these reports is to give you an overview of the Africa research taking place at Ghent University. In addition, we also want to give some visibility to these junior researchers, so please have a look at their topics and do not hesitate to get in touch with them.

L'approccio economico al federalismo fiscale

- Local governance in its broadest form predates the modern nation-state. Contemporary local government arose from historical accident rather than by deliberate design and its subsequent evolution represents the outcome of constitutional reform, legislative change, political opportunism, popular agitation, urbanization, technical progress and a host of many other incidental influences. Scholars from a wide range of different disciplines have nonetheless sought to construct theoretical principles that can explain the nature of local government. We provide a synoptic review of the chief contributions of economics to contemporary understanding of local government in advanced democratic countries. In so doing we consider both normative economic theories of local government, which seek to provide a framework for how local government should be organized, and positive economic theories which attempt to explain why local government functions as it does.

Epilogue: Towards a future for political ecology that works

Political Ecology (PE) has been retrospectively created from a history of wide ranging work of different disciplines, cultural settings and epistemological foundations. Its conceptualization was and remains expansive, eclectic and inclusive which has brought both innovative thinking and charges of incoherence. A review of these paradoxical views on the quality of knowledge and its effectiveness in promoting justice and other aspects of political progress concludes that PE can fulfil these criteria in spite of challenges involved in understanding an exceptionally wide range of different disciplines in the natural and social sciences, technical detail and cultural settings. Also, the production of PE both shapes and is shaped by the structures of the academy and daily practice of teaching and research in a reflexive way. There are particular rewards and penalties in academic production which make it difficult to undertake long term PE research, to write overall integrative PE work other than edited and multi-author works, and to engage with wider audiences outside the academy. There is also an enduring stand-off between PE and policy matters. The growth of PE courses in anglophone universities is encouraging more comparison, coherence and communication between political ecologists and promises increasing stabilization and legitimacy of the field.

Government failure as an explanation for the asymmetric effects of labour apartheid in South Africa

Abstract The origins, nature and effects of ideological apartheid in post-1948 South Africa has attracted a vast research effort from scholars in a wide range of different disciplines. A good deal of their work has focussed on the economic underpinnings of apartheid in general, and the impact of racially discriminatory labour legislation in particular. But the sheer complexity of apartheid labour regulation has left many interesting questions unanswered.2 One such question hinges on the asymmetric incidence of labour apartheid on public and private sector employment patterns in South Africa. To date attempts to explain this empirically well-established phenomenon have relied on assumptions which simply assert the more rigorous application of discriminatory legislation in the public sector.3 The present paper seeks to explain a greater incidence of labour apartheid in the South African public sector by employing a theory of non-market failure.